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- Stigmaria is a form taxon for common fossils found in Carboniferous rocks. They represent the underground rooting structures of coal forest lycopsid trees such as Sigillaria and Lepidodendron. These swamp forest trees grew to 50 meters and were anchored by an extensive network of branching underground structures with "rootlets" attached to them. Analysis of the morphology and anatomy of these stigmarian systems suggests they were shoot-like and so they are called rhizomes or rhizophores. The stigmarian rhizomes are typically covered with a spiral pattern of circular scars where "rootlets" were attached. Since the stigmarian systems are shoot-like, these "rootlets" may be modified leaves, adapted to serve the function of roots. However, some paleontologists argue that the "rootlets" were true roots, with a complex branching structure and root hairs, comparable to the roots of the closest living relative of Lepidodendron, the quillworts (genus Isoetes). (en)
- Stigmaria is de verzamelnaam voor de versteende wortelstronken van de soorten uit de geslachten: Lepidodendron en Sigillaria. (nl)
- La stigmaria è un tipo di radice delle , delle e delle che costituiva l'elemento fondamentale del terreno delle foreste del Carbonifero, e i cui resti si trovano oggi associati ai letti di carbon fossile. Di forma simile a una carota molto spessa, si diramavano dalla radice principale in modo concentrico. Le piante di sigillaria e di lepidodendron ne possedevano quattro per ancorarsi saldamente al suolo. La denominazione è stata definita da Alexandre Brongniart ed in origine veniva usata per indicare quello che si credeva essere erroneamento un tipo distinto di piante. (it)
- Stigmaria – dychotomicznie rozgałęziające się systemy korzeniowe kopalnych widłaków o pokrojach drzewiastych z rodzaju Lepidodendron i Sigillaria, tworzące szerokie podstawy utrzymujące w pionie rośliny na terenie bagiennym. Stigmarie najczęściej występują w postaci niewielkich spłaszczonych fragmentów i charakteryzują się skośnie położonymi owalnymi bliznami po korzeniach przybyszowych – apendyksach. Nagromadzenia stigmarii w położeniu przyżyciowym tworzą poziomy gleb kopalnych, zwanych ziemią (glebą) stigmariową, o lokalnym znaczeniu stratygraficznym. Odsłonięciem skał karbońskich ze stigmariami jest "skamieniały las" – Fossil Grove w Glasgow (Szkocja). (pl)
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- Carboniferous-Permian, Possible Devonian record (en)
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- Stigmaria, a fossil lycopsid rhizome. (en)
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- Stigmaria is de verzamelnaam voor de versteende wortelstronken van de soorten uit de geslachten: Lepidodendron en Sigillaria. (nl)
- La stigmaria è un tipo di radice delle , delle e delle che costituiva l'elemento fondamentale del terreno delle foreste del Carbonifero, e i cui resti si trovano oggi associati ai letti di carbon fossile. Di forma simile a una carota molto spessa, si diramavano dalla radice principale in modo concentrico. Le piante di sigillaria e di lepidodendron ne possedevano quattro per ancorarsi saldamente al suolo. La denominazione è stata definita da Alexandre Brongniart ed in origine veniva usata per indicare quello che si credeva essere erroneamento un tipo distinto di piante. (it)
- Stigmaria is a form taxon for common fossils found in Carboniferous rocks. They represent the underground rooting structures of coal forest lycopsid trees such as Sigillaria and Lepidodendron. These swamp forest trees grew to 50 meters and were anchored by an extensive network of branching underground structures with "rootlets" attached to them. Analysis of the morphology and anatomy of these stigmarian systems suggests they were shoot-like and so they are called rhizomes or rhizophores. The stigmarian rhizomes are typically covered with a spiral pattern of circular scars where "rootlets" were attached. Since the stigmarian systems are shoot-like, these "rootlets" may be modified leaves, adapted to serve the function of roots. However, some paleontologists argue that the "rootlets" were tr (en)
- Stigmaria – dychotomicznie rozgałęziające się systemy korzeniowe kopalnych widłaków o pokrojach drzewiastych z rodzaju Lepidodendron i Sigillaria, tworzące szerokie podstawy utrzymujące w pionie rośliny na terenie bagiennym. Stigmarie najczęściej występują w postaci niewielkich spłaszczonych fragmentów i charakteryzują się skośnie położonymi owalnymi bliznami po korzeniach przybyszowych – apendyksach. Nagromadzenia stigmarii w położeniu przyżyciowym tworzą poziomy gleb kopalnych, zwanych ziemią (glebą) stigmariową, o lokalnym znaczeniu stratygraficznym. (pl)
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- Stigmaria (it)
- Stigmaria (nl)
- Stigmaria (pl)
- Stigmaria (en)
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