| dbo:abstract
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- Shop right, in United States patent law, is an implied license under which a firm may use a patented invention, invented by an employee who was working within the scope of their employment, using the firms' equipment, or inventing at the firms' expense. Even if the employee never assigned rights to the firm, a court of law may find that the firm has the right to make use of the invention, and thus can not be sued by the employee for patent infringement. This will allow the firm to attempt to capitalize on the value of the patent, as the firm is allowed to use the object of the patent in the routine operation of its business without royalty payments. Shop right is non-transferable. It only inures to the benefit of the employer and can not be sold by that employer to an unrelated party, except in a sale of the business as a whole. In circumstances where a written agreement is not in place between employer and employee, the employee may hold title to the intellectual property rights as an inventor. In these circumstances, a shop right may apply. The shop right is a common law doctrine founded in equitable principles that allows an employer to use the employee's invention without payment to the employee if that invention was made using the employer's time, materials, facilities, or equipment. Unfortunately for employers, shop rights being an equitable right are non-transferable, so an employer holding shop rights may not transfer those rights via license or assignment, such as, for example, if the employer were to be purchased or acquired at some later date. Accordingly, this makes having only shop rights an undesirable position for most employers. However, compare this to the Hired-to-Invent Doctrine which is a state-law specific doctrine that may provide chain of title to the employer. In instances where there is no written agreement between employer and employee as to patent rights, the "hired to invent" doctrine may save an otherwise unprepared employer. Of course, absent an assignment, employment agreement, or other written document, the employee presumptively owns any inventions, even those developed during the course of employment. This rule comes as a surprise to many business owners and even some attorneys. The "hired to invent" doctrine is embedded in contract law, so state law applies when adjudicating the "hired to invent" doctrine. (en)
- ショップライト (Shop right) は、雇用の目的の範囲内で働いている、会社（使用者）の設備を使用している、あるいは会社（使用者）の費用で発明している従業者による発明に対する特許について、会社（使用者）に無償で与えられる通常実施権である。アメリカ合衆国においては、特許法には職務発明についての明文の規定はないものの、ショップライトが判例上認められている。 たとえ従業者が権利を譲渡しなくとも、裁判所は会社が当該特許発明を実施するための権利を有することを認めることができ、そのため当該従業者により特許侵害で訴追されない。実施料を支払うことなく事業の通常業務に当該特許を利用できるため、会社はその特許の価値を現金化することができるであろう。ショップライトは一般承継できない、つまり、その使用者は事業全体を売却する場合を除き関連のない会社に売却できないが、売却できればそれだけで使用者に利益が生じる。 (ja)
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| rdfs:comment
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- ショップライト (Shop right) は、雇用の目的の範囲内で働いている、会社（使用者）の設備を使用している、あるいは会社（使用者）の費用で発明している従業者による発明に対する特許について、会社（使用者）に無償で与えられる通常実施権である。アメリカ合衆国においては、特許法には職務発明についての明文の規定はないものの、ショップライトが判例上認められている。 たとえ従業者が権利を譲渡しなくとも、裁判所は会社が当該特許発明を実施するための権利を有することを認めることができ、そのため当該従業者により特許侵害で訴追されない。実施料を支払うことなく事業の通常業務に当該特許を利用できるため、会社はその特許の価値を現金化することができるであろう。ショップライトは一般承継できない、つまり、その使用者は事業全体を売却する場合を除き関連のない会社に売却できないが、売却できればそれだけで使用者に利益が生じる。 (ja)
- Shop right, in United States patent law, is an implied license under which a firm may use a patented invention, invented by an employee who was working within the scope of their employment, using the firms' equipment, or inventing at the firms' expense. Even if the employee never assigned rights to the firm, a court of law may find that the firm has the right to make use of the invention, and thus can not be sued by the employee for patent infringement. This will allow the firm to attempt to capitalize on the value of the patent, as the firm is allowed to use the object of the patent in the routine operation of its business without royalty payments. Shop right is non-transferable. It only inures to the benefit of the employer and can not be sold by that employer to an unrelated party, exce (en)
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