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- Revision is a process in writing of rearranging, adding, or removing paragraphs, sentences, or words. Writers may revise their writing after a draft is complete or during the composing process. Revision involves many of the strategies known generally as editing but also can entail larger conceptual shifts of purpose and audience as well as content. Many writers go through multiple rounds of revisions before they reach a final draft: "Few writers are so expert that they can produce what they are after on the first try. Quite often you will discover, on examining the completed work, that there are serious flaws in the arrangement of the material, calling for transpositions... do not be afraid to experiment with your text." Within the writing process, revision comes once one has written a draft to work with, so that one can re-see and improve it, iteratively. Working at both deeper and more surface levels a writer can increase the power of the text. In an essay, revision may involve the identification of a thesis, a reconsideration of structure or organization, working at uncovering weaknesses,elaborating evidence and illustrations, or clarifying unclear positions. In general, revision of written work can be guided by questions such as:
* Is the writing clear? Does it make sense?
* Is there enough information to describe ideas?
* Is there too much information so that the writing wanders off topic?
* Are the ideas or the narrative flow in a logical order? Revision is a larger category of writing behaviors than line-editing or proofreading, though writers often make large reorganizations and word-level edits simultaneously. There are theories such as the three-component model hypothesized by Linda Flower and John R. Hayes and James Britton et al.'s model of the writing process as a series of stages described in metaphors of linear growth, conception - incubation - production. Here, a review by the writer or a third party, which often give corrective annotations, is part of the process that leads to the revision stage. In educational settings, peer revision or feedback, is a common collaborative writing practice. In organizational and other workplace settings where collaborative writing is common, participation of multiple writers facilitates communal revision. Recently, due to the collaborative capabilities of the Internet, there are writers who "crowdsource" reviews from several people, who contribute digital annotations. For further reading see the reference guide: A. Horning & A. Becker (Eds.) (2006). Revision: History, Theory, and Practice. Parlor Press and WAC Clearinghouse. (en)
- 推敲（すいこう）とは、文章を何度も練り直すこと。 唐代、都の長安に科挙（官吏の登用試験）を受けるためにはるばるやってきた賈島は、乗っているロバの上で詩を作っていた。その途中、「僧は推す月下の門」という一句を口ずさんでから、「推す」のほかに「敲く」という語を思いついて迷ってしまった。彼は手綱をとるのも忘れ、手で門扉を押すまねをしたり、叩くまねをしたりしたが、なかなか決まらなかった。あまりにも夢中になっていたので、向こうから役人の行列がやってきたのにも気づかず、その中に突っ込んでしまった。さらに悪いことに、その行列は知京兆府事（長安の都知事）、韓愈の行列であったため、賈島はすぐに捕らえられ、韓愈の前に引っ立てられた。そこで彼は事の経緯をつぶさに申し立てた。優れた名文家であり、漢詩の大家でもあった韓愈は、賈島の話を聞き終わると、「それは『敲く』の方がいいだろう、月下に音を響かせる風情があって良い｣と言った。そして、二人は、馬を並べていきながら詩を論じ合った。 このことから「文章を書いた後、字句を良くするために何回も読んで練り直すこと」を「推敲」という。 (ja)
- 퇴고(推敲)는 초고를 바탕으로 수정·보완하고 정리하는 작업을 뜻한다. 주로 시, 소설 등의 문학에서 편집을 하는 과정 속에 퇴고가 포함된다. 집필자를 기준으로 보면 마지막 단계에 해당하지만 편집자를 기준으로 보면 기초 단계로 볼 수 있고, 퇴고가 이루어지는 과정에서 집필자와 편집자 간에 꾸준한 의견 교환이 이루어지는 것이 보통이다. 퇴고를 꼼꼼하게 하는 것은 좋은 글을 만드는 기본 요건에 해당되므로 초고 작성 못지않게 중요한 과정이다. (ko)
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| rdfs:comment
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- 推敲（すいこう）とは、文章を何度も練り直すこと。 唐代、都の長安に科挙（官吏の登用試験）を受けるためにはるばるやってきた賈島は、乗っているロバの上で詩を作っていた。その途中、「僧は推す月下の門」という一句を口ずさんでから、「推す」のほかに「敲く」という語を思いついて迷ってしまった。彼は手綱をとるのも忘れ、手で門扉を押すまねをしたり、叩くまねをしたりしたが、なかなか決まらなかった。あまりにも夢中になっていたので、向こうから役人の行列がやってきたのにも気づかず、その中に突っ込んでしまった。さらに悪いことに、その行列は知京兆府事（長安の都知事）、韓愈の行列であったため、賈島はすぐに捕らえられ、韓愈の前に引っ立てられた。そこで彼は事の経緯をつぶさに申し立てた。優れた名文家であり、漢詩の大家でもあった韓愈は、賈島の話を聞き終わると、「それは『敲く』の方がいいだろう、月下に音を響かせる風情があって良い｣と言った。そして、二人は、馬を並べていきながら詩を論じ合った。 このことから「文章を書いた後、字句を良くするために何回も読んで練り直すこと」を「推敲」という。 (ja)
- 퇴고(推敲)는 초고를 바탕으로 수정·보완하고 정리하는 작업을 뜻한다. 주로 시, 소설 등의 문학에서 편집을 하는 과정 속에 퇴고가 포함된다. 집필자를 기준으로 보면 마지막 단계에 해당하지만 편집자를 기준으로 보면 기초 단계로 볼 수 있고, 퇴고가 이루어지는 과정에서 집필자와 편집자 간에 꾸준한 의견 교환이 이루어지는 것이 보통이다. 퇴고를 꼼꼼하게 하는 것은 좋은 글을 만드는 기본 요건에 해당되므로 초고 작성 못지않게 중요한 과정이다. (ko)
- Revision is a process in writing of rearranging, adding, or removing paragraphs, sentences, or words. Writers may revise their writing after a draft is complete or during the composing process. Revision involves many of the strategies known generally as editing but also can entail larger conceptual shifts of purpose and audience as well as content. Many writers go through multiple rounds of revisions before they reach a final draft: "Few writers are so expert that they can produce what they are after on the first try. Quite often you will discover, on examining the completed work, that there are serious flaws in the arrangement of the material, calling for transpositions... do not be afraid to experiment with your text." (en)
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