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In fluid thermodynamics, Rayleigh–Bénard convection is a type of natural convection, occurring in a planar horizontal layer of fluid heated from below, in which the fluid develops a regular pattern of convection cells known as Bénard cells. Bénard–Rayleigh convection is one of the most commonly studied convection phenomena because of its analytical and experimental accessibility. The convection patterns are the most carefully examined example of self-organizing nonlinear systems.

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  • Die Rayleigh-Bénard-Konvektion ist eine natürliche Konvektion in flachen Flüssigkeiten mit einem speziellen Zellenmuster. In den Bénard-Zellen steigt die Flüssigkeit im Zentrum auf, kühlt sich an der Oberfläche durch Verdunstung ab und sinkt mit erhöhter Dichte am Zellenrand wieder zum Boden. Der französische Physiker Henri Bénard beschrieb dies 1900 in seiner Dissertation und der englische Physiker John William Strutt, 3. Baron von Rayleigh formulierte 1916 den Vorgang mathematisch. Die Rayleigh-Bénard-Konvektion ist ein Beispiel für selbstorganisierende Strukturen und die Chaostheorie. Sie ist nicht mit dem Marangoni-Effekt zu verwechseln, der auf der Oberflächenspannung basiert. (de)
  • L'instabilité de Rayleigh-Bénard, ou convection naturelle est une instabilité thermo-convective susceptible de se développer dans un milieu fluide soumis à un gradient de température déstabilisant. Elle se traduit par la formation de structures convectives appelées cellules de Bénard. Ce problème a été étudié expérimentalement par Bénard et théoriquement par Rayleigh. (fr)
  • In fluid thermodynamics, Rayleigh–Bénard convection is a type of natural convection, occurring in a planar horizontal layer of fluid heated from below, in which the fluid develops a regular pattern of convection cells known as Bénard cells. Bénard–Rayleigh convection is one of the most commonly studied convection phenomena because of its analytical and experimental accessibility. The convection patterns are the most carefully examined example of self-organizing nonlinear systems. Buoyancy, and hence gravity, are responsible for the appearance of convection cells. The initial movement is the upwelling of less-dense fluid from the heated bottom layer. This upwelling spontaneously organizes into a regular pattern of cells. (en)
  • La convezione di Rayleigh-Bénard è un tipo di convezione naturale, che si verifica in uno strato orizzontale piano di fluido riscaldato dal basso, in cui il fluido sviluppa un pattern regolare di celle di convezione note come celle di Bénard. La convezione di Rayleigh-Bénard è uno dei fenomeni di convezione più comunemente studiati a causa della sua accessibilità analitica e sperimentale. I pattern di convezione sono l'esempio più attentamente esaminato di auto-organizzazione in sistemi non lineari. La spinta idrostatica, e quindi la gravità, sono responsabili della comparsa delle celle di convezione. Il movimento iniziale è la risalita del fluido a densità minore dallo strato inferiore riscaldato. Questa risalita si organizza spontaneamente in un pattern regolare di celle. (it)
  • 瑞利-贝纳德对流(Rayleigh–Bénard convection)泛指一类自然对流,这类对流常常发生在从底部加热的一层流体表面上。发生对流的流体在表面形成的、具有规则形状的对流单体叫做贝纳德原胞(Bénard cell)。因为在理论研究和实验上并具可行性,瑞利-贝纳德对流是被研究得最多的對流现象之一,而对流形成的图案也成为了在自组织的非線性系統中被测试得最细的一个例子,在物理学以及大气科学中被广泛用于各种环流和对流现象的研究中。 浮力和重力是形成瑞利-贝纳德对流的主要原因。位于底部的液体因为受热而密度较低,在其上浮过程中自发形成了规则的原胞图案。 (zh)
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  • L'instabilité de Rayleigh-Bénard, ou convection naturelle est une instabilité thermo-convective susceptible de se développer dans un milieu fluide soumis à un gradient de température déstabilisant. Elle se traduit par la formation de structures convectives appelées cellules de Bénard. Ce problème a été étudié expérimentalement par Bénard et théoriquement par Rayleigh. (fr)
  • 瑞利-贝纳德对流(Rayleigh–Bénard convection)泛指一类自然对流,这类对流常常发生在从底部加热的一层流体表面上。发生对流的流体在表面形成的、具有规则形状的对流单体叫做贝纳德原胞(Bénard cell)。因为在理论研究和实验上并具可行性,瑞利-贝纳德对流是被研究得最多的對流现象之一,而对流形成的图案也成为了在自组织的非線性系統中被测试得最细的一个例子,在物理学以及大气科学中被广泛用于各种环流和对流现象的研究中。 浮力和重力是形成瑞利-贝纳德对流的主要原因。位于底部的液体因为受热而密度较低,在其上浮过程中自发形成了规则的原胞图案。 (zh)
  • Die Rayleigh-Bénard-Konvektion ist eine natürliche Konvektion in flachen Flüssigkeiten mit einem speziellen Zellenmuster. In den Bénard-Zellen steigt die Flüssigkeit im Zentrum auf, kühlt sich an der Oberfläche durch Verdunstung ab und sinkt mit erhöhter Dichte am Zellenrand wieder zum Boden. Der französische Physiker Henri Bénard beschrieb dies 1900 in seiner Dissertation und der englische Physiker John William Strutt, 3. Baron von Rayleigh formulierte 1916 den Vorgang mathematisch. (de)
  • In fluid thermodynamics, Rayleigh–Bénard convection is a type of natural convection, occurring in a planar horizontal layer of fluid heated from below, in which the fluid develops a regular pattern of convection cells known as Bénard cells. Bénard–Rayleigh convection is one of the most commonly studied convection phenomena because of its analytical and experimental accessibility. The convection patterns are the most carefully examined example of self-organizing nonlinear systems. (en)
  • La convezione di Rayleigh-Bénard è un tipo di convezione naturale, che si verifica in uno strato orizzontale piano di fluido riscaldato dal basso, in cui il fluido sviluppa un pattern regolare di celle di convezione note come celle di Bénard. La convezione di Rayleigh-Bénard è uno dei fenomeni di convezione più comunemente studiati a causa della sua accessibilità analitica e sperimentale. I pattern di convezione sono l'esempio più attentamente esaminato di auto-organizzazione in sistemi non lineari. (it)
rdfs:label
  • Rayleigh-Bénard-Konvektion (de)
  • Instabilité de Rayleigh-Bénard (fr)
  • Convezione di Rayleigh-Bénard (it)
  • Rayleigh–Bénard convection (en)
  • 瑞利-贝纳德对流 (zh)
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