About: Puxian Wannu

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Púxiān Wànnú (simplified Chinese: 蒲鲜万奴; traditional Chinese: 蒲鮮萬奴; Wade–Giles: P'u-hsien Wan-nu) was a Jurchen warlord who established the short-lived Eastern Xia dynasty in 13th-century China. He originally served the waning Jin dynasty under pressure from the Mongol Empire. While the Mongols under Genghis Khan invaded Jin, a Khitan chief Yelü Liuge (耶律留哥) revolted against the dynasty in Liaodong in 1211 and made contact with the Mongol Empire in the next year. In 1214 Jin dispatched Puxian Wannu to Liaodong, but he was defeated around Kaiyuan. While Mukhali of the Mongol Empire invaded Northern China, Puxian Wannu rebelled against Jin and founded the Dazhen (大眞) kingdom in Dongjing (Liaoyang) in 1215. He adopted the title of Tianwang (天王 lit. Heavenly King) and named his era Tiantai (天泰).

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  • Puxian Wannu (蒲鮮萬奴) fou un dinasta jurchen que va establir una petita sobirania al segle xiii. Va servir a la dinastia Jin (jurchen) durant la lluita contra els mongols (que va durar del 1211 al 1234). Genguis Khan es presentava com el venjador dels seus parents, els oncles Oqin-barqaq i Ambagaï, però també dels antics sobirans kitan, i aquests van abraçar amb entusiasme el partit mongol. Un dels prínceps kitan, Ye-li Liu-ko (moderna transcripció Yelü Liuge, xinès 耶律留哥), de l'antic clan reial de Ye-liu, es va revoltar el 1212 a favor de Genguis Khan a la regió del Leao-ho al sud-oest de Manxúria, zona d'origen dels kitan, i va fer jurament de fidelitat al gran kan, i aquest li va enviar un exèrcit de socors dirigida pel noble (noyan) Djebé. El gener de 1213 Djebe i Liu-ko van ocupar Leao-yang (moderna transcripció Liaodong) als Jin i el príncep es va instal·lar als antics dominis dels seus ancestres com a rei de Leao sota sobirania del gran kan. El rei Jin va enviar a la zona a Puxian Wannu (1214) però fou derrotat a Kaiyuan. Llavors Puxian Wannu es va revoltar contra els Jin i va fundar el regne normalment anomenat Dazhen (大眞) a Dongjing (Liaoyang) el 1215. Va agafar el títol de tianwang (天王, Rei Celestial) i va establir l'era de Tiantai (天泰). Degut a les lluites amb els Jin, Ye-li Liu-ko (Yelü Liuge) fou expulsat del reu regne i va haver de demanar ajut a Genguis Khan. Els jurchen foren rebutjats i es van refugiar a Corea sense permís. Puxian Wannu es va sotmetre al general Muqali i va enviar el seu fill Tege (帖哥, 鐵哥 Tie Ge) com a ostatge (fins al 1216). Poc després del 1216 es va revoltar i quan l'exèrcit mongol va avançar va fugir a una illa. Els mongols van envair Liaoxi i Liaodong. El 1217 es va traslladar cap a Dongjing a la conca del riu Tumen i va reconstituir el seu regne, ara anomenat Dongxia (東夏), amb capital a Yanji que va anomenar Nanjing (南京 capital del sud); el seu domini anava al nord de les muntanyes Laoyeling, al sud de Hamgyŏngnamdo, Corea del Nord, a l'est de la mar del Japó i oest de les muntanyes Zhangguangcailing, és a dir a la zona de frontera entre Xina, Corea del Nord i Rússia. El nom del regne és dubtós. Els documents xinesos l'esmenten com Dongxia però Corea l'anomenava Dongzhen (東眞). Yanai Wataru pensa que 夏 fou un malentès de 眞. Ikeuchi Hiroshi pensa que Dongzhen fou una forma abreviada de Dong Nüzhen 東女眞 (Jurchen Orientals) i fou un nom convencional. Probablement es va sotmetre als mongols vers el 1218 i en aquest any va envair Corea junt amb l'exèrcit mongol, però l'exèrcit mongol es va retirar després de restablir bones relacions. El tribut pagat per Corea fou recaptat per oficials de Dongxia i mongols. El 1222 es va revoltar mentre Genguis Khan estava absent; va envair Corea (que no li permetia obrir un assentament comercial a la frontera. El 1233 l'exèrcit mongol dirigit per Guyuk, fill d'Ogodei, va atacar el regne i va capturar a Puxian Wannu, posant fi al regne. (ca)
  • Púxiān Wànnú (simplified Chinese: 蒲鲜万奴; traditional Chinese: 蒲鮮萬奴; Wade–Giles: P'u-hsien Wan-nu) was a Jurchen warlord who established the short-lived Eastern Xia dynasty in 13th-century China. He originally served the waning Jin dynasty under pressure from the Mongol Empire. While the Mongols under Genghis Khan invaded Jin, a Khitan chief Yelü Liuge (耶律留哥) revolted against the dynasty in Liaodong in 1211 and made contact with the Mongol Empire in the next year. In 1214 Jin dispatched Puxian Wannu to Liaodong, but he was defeated around Kaiyuan. While Mukhali of the Mongol Empire invaded Northern China, Puxian Wannu rebelled against Jin and founded the Dazhen (大眞) kingdom in Dongjing (Liaoyang) in 1215. He adopted the title of Tianwang (天王 lit. Heavenly King) and named his era Tiantai (天泰). As a result of an internal strife in the Eastern Liao, Yelü Liuge was expelled and sought support from Genghis. The Khitans got a counterattack from Jin and fled to Goryeo without permission. Puxian Wannu capitulated to Mukhali's army and sent his son Tege (铁哥/鐵哥 Tiěgē) as a hostage in 1216. However, he revolted soon after that and fled to an island while the Mongol army invaded Liaoxi and Liaodong. In 1217 he moved from Dongjing to the Tumen River basin possibly to avoid both Mongol and Jin oppressions. He again named his kingdom Eastern Xia or Dongxia (东夏/東夏), established the capital around Yanji and called it Nanjing (南京 literally: "Southern Capital"). His domain extended north to Laoyeling Mountains, south to Hamgyŏngnamdo in modern-day North Korea, east to the Sea of Japan and west to the Zhangguangcailing Mountains, corresponding to the borderlands of modern-day China, Russia and North Korea. He seems to have submitted to the Mongol Empire again. In 1218 the Mongol and Eastern Xia armies jointly intruded into Goryeo to subdue the Khitan remnants. Goryeo also joined the campaign and the Khitans were exterminated. The Mongol army retreated after establishing a "sibling" relationship with Goryeo. Mongol officers with Eastern Xia delegates came to Goryeo to exact tribute. In 1222 Puxian Wannu revolted against the Mongol Empire yet again while Genghis Khan made an expedition toward the west. Since Goryeo rejected his demand for the opening of trading posts on the border, he invaded Goryeo many times. In 1233 Ögedei's son Güyük attacked Eastern Xia with a large force and captured Puxian Wannu. The Jin dynasty was overthrown in the next year. (en)
  • 蒲鮮 万奴(ほせん ばんど、生没年不詳)は、13世紀前半に中国東北部(満州)からロシア沿海地方で活動した女真の武将。金朝に仕えていたが、金末の混乱期に自立して大真国を建国した。 『聖武親征録』では也奴、『元朝秘史』では夫合奴とも表記されるが、これらはいずれも「万奴(ṳan nu)」同音異訳であると見られる。また、ペルシア語史料の『集史』ではفوجیو تاییشی(fūjīū tāīīshī)とも表記される。 蒲鮮万奴の列伝は『金史』『元史』ともに存在せず、その生涯については諸史料に断片的な記録に残るに過ぎない。そのため、蒲鮮万奴の生涯については不明な点が多く、日本の東洋史学者の間でも活発な議論がなされたことがある。 (ja)
  • 포선만노(蒲鮮萬奴)은 금나라의 군벌, 대진국의 건국자이다. 1211년 에서 칭기즈 칸이 이끄는 몽골 제국군의 군세를 경험하였다. 1213년 함평로의 초토사로 임명되어 야율유가를 물리쳤으며 이후 의 일종인 요동 선무사(宣撫使)로 승진하여 금나라 최고 군사령관이 되었지만 그 후엔 야율유가에 두번이나 패배하였다. 그와중에 몽골의 침입으로 금나라가 수도 중도를 포기하고 개봉부로 천도하며 요동과 본국과의 연락망이 끊어졌다. 이에 포선만노는 1215년에 자립하여 그 해 10월 천왕을 자처하였으며 연호는 라 하였다. 1216년 포선만노는 몽골과의 관계를 위해 왕자를 무칼리에게 인질로 보냈다. 이후 1233년 오고타이 칸은 아들 귀위크를 보내 대진국을 정벌하였고 결국 사로잡혀 살해당했다. (ko)
  • Puxian Wannu – dżurdżeński możnowładca, który w okresie mongolskiej inwazji na państwo Jin ustanowił krótkotrwałe państwo w północnej Mandżurii. (pl)
  • Puxiã Uanu (em chinês: 蒲鲜万奴 (simplificado) ou 蒲鮮萬奴 (tradicional); romaniz.: Púxiān Wànnú (pinyin) ou P'u-hsien Wan-nu (Wade-Giles)) foi o guerreiro jurchém que em 1215 fundou o na Manchúria. A fundação do reino foi possível graças ao abandono, pelo Império Jim, de seu território mais setentrional. Puxiã enviou embaixada a Gêngis Cã (r. 1206–1227) e deixou reféns na corte mongol. Em 1218, os quitais de se rebelaram, levando à expedição conjunta de Puxiã, tropas de Gorieo, oriundo da península da Coreia, e dos mongóis. Em 1233, Oguedai Cã (r. 1229–1241), sucessor de Gêngis Cã, enviou seu filho Guiuque, seu sobrinho Alchidai e o general Tangude contra Puxiã, que foi derrotado em poucos meses e Xia foi incorporado ao Império Mongol. (pt)
  • 蒲鲜万奴(12世纪-1233年),13世纪前期金国军阀,东夏的创立者。 蒲鮮萬奴早年经历不可考,1206年作为完顏賽不的副手,献计击败南宋大将。1211年,参加野狐嶺戰役,大败于成吉思汗率领的蒙古军队。1213年,蒲鲜万奴被任命为咸平路招讨使,负责征讨耶律留哥,次年又晋升为辽东宣撫使,成为金国在辽东的最高军事长官,但两次败于耶律留哥。 不久,金国放弃中都,迁都汴梁,辽东失去与中原的联系,蒲鲜万奴遂于1215年自立,十月称王,国号“大真”,年号天泰。1216年,蒲鲜万奴降伏于蒙古,送其子帖哥至木华黎处为质。次年,乘木华黎南下之际,蒲鲜万奴杀死蒙古监军,起兵反抗,率部迁往图们江流域,都南京,国北起老爷岭,南至今朝鲜黄海南道,东抵鲸海,西及张广才岭。此后一度与蒙古、高丽结盟,共同对抗耶律留哥残部耶律喊舍,并与蒙古保持了良好关系。 1224年,蒲鲜万奴乘成吉思汗西征未还之机,与蒙古断交。1233年,窝阔台遣其子贵由,率军攻占南京,蒲鲜万奴被擒(又说被杀),独立的东夏国灭亡,但其後蒙古仍任命萬奴子孫在當地任官,万奴之妻李仙娥與耶律留哥的副手再婚。 其国号至今颇具争议:中國史书曰“东『夏』”,朝鲜史籍恒云:“东『真』”。 (zh)
  • Пусянь Ваньну (кит. 蒲鮮萬奴; д/н — 1233) — ван держави Східна Ся в 1213—1233 роках. (uk)
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  • 蒲鮮 万奴(ほせん ばんど、生没年不詳)は、13世紀前半に中国東北部(満州)からロシア沿海地方で活動した女真の武将。金朝に仕えていたが、金末の混乱期に自立して大真国を建国した。 『聖武親征録』では也奴、『元朝秘史』では夫合奴とも表記されるが、これらはいずれも「万奴(ṳan nu)」同音異訳であると見られる。また、ペルシア語史料の『集史』ではفوجیو تاییشی(fūjīū tāīīshī)とも表記される。 蒲鮮万奴の列伝は『金史』『元史』ともに存在せず、その生涯については諸史料に断片的な記録に残るに過ぎない。そのため、蒲鮮万奴の生涯については不明な点が多く、日本の東洋史学者の間でも活発な議論がなされたことがある。 (ja)
  • 포선만노(蒲鮮萬奴)은 금나라의 군벌, 대진국의 건국자이다. 1211년 에서 칭기즈 칸이 이끄는 몽골 제국군의 군세를 경험하였다. 1213년 함평로의 초토사로 임명되어 야율유가를 물리쳤으며 이후 의 일종인 요동 선무사(宣撫使)로 승진하여 금나라 최고 군사령관이 되었지만 그 후엔 야율유가에 두번이나 패배하였다. 그와중에 몽골의 침입으로 금나라가 수도 중도를 포기하고 개봉부로 천도하며 요동과 본국과의 연락망이 끊어졌다. 이에 포선만노는 1215년에 자립하여 그 해 10월 천왕을 자처하였으며 연호는 라 하였다. 1216년 포선만노는 몽골과의 관계를 위해 왕자를 무칼리에게 인질로 보냈다. 이후 1233년 오고타이 칸은 아들 귀위크를 보내 대진국을 정벌하였고 결국 사로잡혀 살해당했다. (ko)
  • Puxian Wannu – dżurdżeński możnowładca, który w okresie mongolskiej inwazji na państwo Jin ustanowił krótkotrwałe państwo w północnej Mandżurii. (pl)
  • Puxiã Uanu (em chinês: 蒲鲜万奴 (simplificado) ou 蒲鮮萬奴 (tradicional); romaniz.: Púxiān Wànnú (pinyin) ou P'u-hsien Wan-nu (Wade-Giles)) foi o guerreiro jurchém que em 1215 fundou o na Manchúria. A fundação do reino foi possível graças ao abandono, pelo Império Jim, de seu território mais setentrional. Puxiã enviou embaixada a Gêngis Cã (r. 1206–1227) e deixou reféns na corte mongol. Em 1218, os quitais de se rebelaram, levando à expedição conjunta de Puxiã, tropas de Gorieo, oriundo da península da Coreia, e dos mongóis. Em 1233, Oguedai Cã (r. 1229–1241), sucessor de Gêngis Cã, enviou seu filho Guiuque, seu sobrinho Alchidai e o general Tangude contra Puxiã, que foi derrotado em poucos meses e Xia foi incorporado ao Império Mongol. (pt)
  • 蒲鲜万奴(12世纪-1233年),13世纪前期金国军阀,东夏的创立者。 蒲鮮萬奴早年经历不可考,1206年作为完顏賽不的副手,献计击败南宋大将。1211年,参加野狐嶺戰役,大败于成吉思汗率领的蒙古军队。1213年,蒲鲜万奴被任命为咸平路招讨使,负责征讨耶律留哥,次年又晋升为辽东宣撫使,成为金国在辽东的最高军事长官,但两次败于耶律留哥。 不久,金国放弃中都,迁都汴梁,辽东失去与中原的联系,蒲鲜万奴遂于1215年自立,十月称王,国号“大真”,年号天泰。1216年,蒲鲜万奴降伏于蒙古,送其子帖哥至木华黎处为质。次年,乘木华黎南下之际,蒲鲜万奴杀死蒙古监军,起兵反抗,率部迁往图们江流域,都南京,国北起老爷岭,南至今朝鲜黄海南道,东抵鲸海,西及张广才岭。此后一度与蒙古、高丽结盟,共同对抗耶律留哥残部耶律喊舍,并与蒙古保持了良好关系。 1224年,蒲鲜万奴乘成吉思汗西征未还之机,与蒙古断交。1233年,窝阔台遣其子贵由,率军攻占南京,蒲鲜万奴被擒(又说被杀),独立的东夏国灭亡,但其後蒙古仍任命萬奴子孫在當地任官,万奴之妻李仙娥與耶律留哥的副手再婚。 其国号至今颇具争议:中國史书曰“东『夏』”,朝鲜史籍恒云:“东『真』”。 (zh)
  • Пусянь Ваньну (кит. 蒲鮮萬奴; д/н — 1233) — ван держави Східна Ся в 1213—1233 роках. (uk)
  • Puxian Wannu (蒲鮮萬奴) fou un dinasta jurchen que va establir una petita sobirania al segle xiii. Va servir a la dinastia Jin (jurchen) durant la lluita contra els mongols (que va durar del 1211 al 1234). Genguis Khan es presentava com el venjador dels seus parents, els oncles Oqin-barqaq i Ambagaï, però també dels antics sobirans kitan, i aquests van abraçar amb entusiasme el partit mongol. Un dels prínceps kitan, Ye-li Liu-ko (moderna transcripció Yelü Liuge, xinès 耶律留哥), de l'antic clan reial de Ye-liu, es va revoltar el 1212 a favor de Genguis Khan a la regió del Leao-ho al sud-oest de Manxúria, zona d'origen dels kitan, i va fer jurament de fidelitat al gran kan, i aquest li va enviar un exèrcit de socors dirigida pel noble (noyan) Djebé. El gener de 1213 Djebe i Liu-ko van ocupar Leao-y (ca)
  • Púxiān Wànnú (simplified Chinese: 蒲鲜万奴; traditional Chinese: 蒲鮮萬奴; Wade–Giles: P'u-hsien Wan-nu) was a Jurchen warlord who established the short-lived Eastern Xia dynasty in 13th-century China. He originally served the waning Jin dynasty under pressure from the Mongol Empire. While the Mongols under Genghis Khan invaded Jin, a Khitan chief Yelü Liuge (耶律留哥) revolted against the dynasty in Liaodong in 1211 and made contact with the Mongol Empire in the next year. In 1214 Jin dispatched Puxian Wannu to Liaodong, but he was defeated around Kaiyuan. While Mukhali of the Mongol Empire invaded Northern China, Puxian Wannu rebelled against Jin and founded the Dazhen (大眞) kingdom in Dongjing (Liaoyang) in 1215. He adopted the title of Tianwang (天王 lit. Heavenly King) and named his era Tiantai (天泰). (en)
rdfs:label
  • Puxian Wannu (ca)
  • 포선만노 (ko)
  • 蒲鮮万奴 (ja)
  • Puxian Wannu (pl)
  • Puxian Wannu (en)
  • Puxiã Uanu (pt)
  • Пусянь Ваньну (uk)
  • 蒲鮮萬奴 (zh)
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