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- In the United States, public rights, as compared to private rights, belong to citizens but are vested in and vindicated by political entities. Public rights cannot be vindicated by private citizens. A right must normally be a private right to be vindicated in court. An exception to this general proposition is found in Flast v. Cohen, 392 U.S. 83 (1968). In Flast, the U.S. Supreme Court held that a private citizen could challenge the constitutionality of a federal tax if the citizen established "a logical link between [their] status [as a taxpayer] and the type of legislative enactment attacked [and] . . . a nexus between that status and the precise nature of the constitutional infringement alleged." In Australia, public rights is an entitlement enjoyed by the community, in contrast to a private or personal entitlement. Such as a claim to tolls on a public highway, a right of ferry. Public rights may exist at common law or under statute. For example, the right of access to information held by the government is existing at common law. (en)
- 公權利為人民根據法律，要求公機關行為或不行為的權利。 公權利的相對為公權力；也就是公權利行使主因來自公機關公權力之行使。此公權利如源於公權力行使造成侵害所主張時，則稱為主觀性公權利或防禦性公權利。 私權利、公權力與人民的公權利有密切關係，例如官方公權力有其影響公共領域消費的力量，但卻同時涉及人民私權利及公權利。 (zh)
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- 公權利為人民根據法律，要求公機關行為或不行為的權利。 公權利的相對為公權力；也就是公權利行使主因來自公機關公權力之行使。此公權利如源於公權力行使造成侵害所主張時，則稱為主觀性公權利或防禦性公權利。 私權利、公權力與人民的公權利有密切關係，例如官方公權力有其影響公共領域消費的力量，但卻同時涉及人民私權利及公權利。 (zh)
- In the United States, public rights, as compared to private rights, belong to citizens but are vested in and vindicated by political entities. Public rights cannot be vindicated by private citizens. A right must normally be a private right to be vindicated in court. (en)
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- Public rights (en)
- 公權利 (zh)
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