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- Thorium is found in small amounts in most rocks and soils. Soil commonly contains an average of around 6 parts per million (ppm) of thorium. Thorium occurs in several minerals including thorite (ThSiO4), thorianite (ThO2 + UO2) and monazite. Thorianite is a rare mineral and may contain up to about 12% thorium oxide. Monazite contains 2.5% thorium, allanite has 0.1 to 2% thorium and zircon can have up to 0.4% thorium. Thorium-containing minerals occur on all continents. Thorium is several times more abundant in Earth's crust than all isotopes of uranium combined and thorium-232 is several hundred times more abundant than uranium-235. Thorium concentrations near the surface of the earth can be mapped using gamma spectroscopy. The same technique has been used to detect concentrations on the surface of the Moon; the near side has high abundances of relatively thorium-rich KREEP, while the Compton–Belkovich Thorium Anomaly was detected on the far side. Martian thorium has also been mapped by 2001 Mars Odyssey. 232Th decays very slowly (its half-life is comparable to the age of the universe) but other thorium isotopes occur in the thorium and uranium decay chains. Most of these are short-lived and hence much more radioactive than 232Th, though on a mass basis they are negligible. (en)
- Torium ditemukan dalam jumlah kecil di sebagian besar batu dan tanah. Tanah umumnya mengandung rata-rata sekitar 6 bagian per sejuta (ppm) torium. Torium muncul dalam beberapa mineral meliputi torit (ThSiO4), torianit (ThO2 + UO2) dan monasit. Torianit adalah sebuah mineral langka dan dapat mengandung hingga sekitar 12% torium oksida. Monasit mengandung 2,5% torium, alanit mengandung 0,1 hingga 2% torium dan zirkon dapat mengandung hingga 0,4% torium. Mineral yang mengandung thorium berada di semua benua. (in)
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- Torium ditemukan dalam jumlah kecil di sebagian besar batu dan tanah. Tanah umumnya mengandung rata-rata sekitar 6 bagian per sejuta (ppm) torium. Torium muncul dalam beberapa mineral meliputi torit (ThSiO4), torianit (ThO2 + UO2) dan monasit. Torianit adalah sebuah mineral langka dan dapat mengandung hingga sekitar 12% torium oksida. Monasit mengandung 2,5% torium, alanit mengandung 0,1 hingga 2% torium dan zirkon dapat mengandung hingga 0,4% torium. Mineral yang mengandung thorium berada di semua benua. (in)
- Thorium is found in small amounts in most rocks and soils. Soil commonly contains an average of around 6 parts per million (ppm) of thorium. Thorium occurs in several minerals including thorite (ThSiO4), thorianite (ThO2 + UO2) and monazite. Thorianite is a rare mineral and may contain up to about 12% thorium oxide. Monazite contains 2.5% thorium, allanite has 0.1 to 2% thorium and zircon can have up to 0.4% thorium. Thorium-containing minerals occur on all continents. Thorium is several times more abundant in Earth's crust than all isotopes of uranium combined and thorium-232 is several hundred times more abundant than uranium-235. (en)
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- Keberadaan torium (in)
- Occurrence of thorium (en)
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