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- O Lampião da Esquina («La farola de la esquina») fue la primera revista brasileña impresa dedicada al público homosexual. Su primer número se editó en 1978, publicándose mensualmente 37 números hasta 1981. Se la considera prensa «clandestina» por haber circulado durante los años de la dictadura militar. Fue publicada por Aguinaldo Silva. En el número 0, la revista explicaba sus objetivos: Mostrando que o homossexual recusa para si e para as demais minorias a pecha de casta, acima ou abaixo das camadas sociais; que ele não quer viver em guetos, nem erguer bandeiras que o estigmatizem; que ele não é um eleito nem um maldito; e que sua preferência sexual deve ser vista dentro da condição psicossocial da humanidade como um dos muitos traços que um caráter poder ter, Lampião deixa bem claro o que vai orientar a sua luta: nós nos empenharemos em desmoralizar esse conceito que alguns nos querem impor – que a nossa preferência sexual possa interferir negativamente em nossa atuação dentro do mundo em que vivemos. Mostrando que el homosexual rechaza para sí y para las demás minorías la infamia de la casta, encima o debajo de las clases sociales; que no quiere vivir en guetos, ni erguir banderas que le estigmaticen; que no es un elegido ni un maldito; y que su preferencia sexual debe ser considerada dentro de la condición psicosocial de la humanidad como una de los muchos rasgos que puede tener un carácter, Lampião deja bien claro lo que va a orientar su lucha: nosotros nos empeñaremos en desmoralizar ese concepto que algunos nos quieren imponer – que nuestra preferencia sexual pueda interferir negativamente en nuestras acciones dentro del mundo en que vivimos. op. cit. Simões La revista no pretendía hacer lo que llamaba «columnismo social», sino que mostraba una maquetación sobria con textos que exigían atención en su lectura. Su contenido mezclaba información cultural, como críticas sobre libros, espectáculos y películas, con artículos en profundidad sobre temas que afectaban a la comunidad homosexual, como el papel de la mujer, la persecución de los homosexuales por los nazis o el placer sexual. En el primer número se llegó incluso a tratar el tema de la iglesia católica y la homosexualidad, un tema arriesgado durante la dictadura. La revista empleaba a menudo juegos de palabras, la ironía y la elipsis para transmitir el mensaje sin arriesgar demasiado. O Lampião también se interesaba por los problemas de la mujer, de las minorías étnicas, sobre todo los negros, el ecologismo y los indígenas, aunque rechazaba una asociación con los movimientos de izquierda, a los que consideraba homófobos y cerrados a cualquier cuestión social que no se ajustase a lo que entendían como «valores de la clase obrera». Los razonamientos de O Lampião en este sentido se asemejaban a los del movimiento de liberación gay, del anarquismo, del Libertarismo y del feminismo. (es)
- O Lampião da Esquina was one of the first publications specifically reaching out to a homosexual readership in Brazil. O Lampião da Esquina ran from April 1978 until June 1981. The newspaper consisted of 37 issues between its beginning and end. The publication of the newspaper was based out of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, however the paper circulated throughout all of Brazil. After the passing of the Institutional Act #5 during the Brazilian Military dictatorship, the press experienced harsh censorship endangering any journal or magazine that spoke ill of the dictatorship within Brazil. During the abertura and slow return to democracy begun by President Ernesto Geisel, the press and activist groups were able to speak more freely than in the earlier years of the dictatorship. O Lampião da Esquina arose as an alternative newspaper to the mainstream press outlets at the time. The newspaper was founded following the example of Winston Leyland’s Gay Sunshine Journal, a gay newspaper founded by Leyland out of the San Francisco Bay Area. The title of the newspaper was a play on the Brazilian folk hero “Lampião” or Virgulino Ferreira da Silva, a famous bandit leader in the Brazilian Northeast in the 1920s and 1930s. The editorial staff consisted of eleven editors. Adão Costa was a journalist and painter. Aguinaldo Silva was a journalist with former collaborations with other alternative presses such as Opinião and Movimento, in addition to a writer, and he focused on political issues in the paper. Antônio Chrysóstomo was a journalist specializing in popular music. Clóvis Marques was a journalist, film critic, and translator. Darcy Penteado was a visual artist and writer whose book “A Meta” published in 1977 was hugely important in the fight against LGBT discrimination in Brazil. Francisco Bittencourt was a poet, art critic, and journalist. Gasparino Damata was a journalist and writer who had edited an anthology in the past dealing with histories of homosexuality. Jean-Claude Bernadet was a film critic and was one of the theorists of the Cinema Novo movement. João Antônio Mascarenhas was a lawyer, journalist, and translator. João Silvério Trevisan was a filmmaker and writer who would go on to write one of the most important books on LGBT issues in Brazil, Perverts in Paradise. Peter Fry, a British immigrant to Brazil and Cambridge University trained anthropologist on Afro-Brazilian religions and sexuality. The newspaper fashioned itself as a newspaper, with a clearly leftist slant, which would give voices to all movements of the time, including LGBT movements, feminist movements, Black, and Indigenous movements. Although the newspaper featured many articles and features on many different movements, the newspaper remained mainly geared towards a gay male audience. Near the end of the magazine’s run, a split began among the editors. Factions of the editors wanted to push the magazine in a more political direction, clearly taking leftist stances on important issues of the time, while others wanted to keep a neutral stance to the magazine and make it a place for all ideologies. This caused a rift amongst the editing team. In addition, Antônio Chrysóstomo, after informally adopting a young homeless girl, was arrested and accused of pedophilia. Many believe the accusation was because he was an openly gay man, and used the adoption as an excuse to accuse him of something. Due to his connection to O Lampião da Esquina, the staff feared persecution from the military police, and decided to shut the paper down. (en)
- O Lampião da Esquina foi um jornal homossexual brasileiro que circulou durante os anos de 1978 e 1981. Nasceu dentro do contexto de imprensa alternativa na época da abertura política no final dos anos 1970, durante o abrandamento de anos de censura promovida pela ditadura militar brasileira. (pt)
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