Nicolás de Aguilar (born 1627; died 1666?) a Mestizo, was a Spanish official in New Mexico. He defended the Pueblo indians who wanted to continue their earlier religious practices even after converting, clashed with the Franciscan missionaries, and was tried and found guilty of heresy by the Mexican Inquisition. As a result of this conviction, his public career ended and he was banished from New Mexico, but it appears that at some point he returned and eventually died there.