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- The Naranjo algorithm, Naranjo Scale, or Naranjo Nomogram is a questionnaire designed by Naranjo et al. for determining the likelihood of whether an ADR (adverse drug reaction) is actually due to the drug rather than the result of other factors. Probability is assigned via a score termed definite, probable, possible or doubtful. Values obtained from this algorithm are often used in peer reviews to verify the validity of author's conclusions regarding adverse drug reactions. It is also called the Naranjo Scale or Naranjo Score. It is often compared to the WHO-UMC system for standardized causality assessment for suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Empirical approaches to identifying ADRs have fallen short because of the complexity of the set of variables involved in their detection. Computer decision programs have helped in this analysis. Electronic medical record systems can be programmed to fire alerts when a potential adverse drug event is about to occur or has already occurred.[3,4] Automated adverse drug event monitors can search for keywords or phrases throughout the patient's medical record to identify drug therapies, laboratory results, or problem lists that may indicate that a patient has already been treated for an ADR. This detection method uncovers significantly more adverse events, including medication errors, than relying on empirical methods or incident reports.[1,2] Empirical methods to assess the likelihood that an ADR has taken place have been lacking. More formal, logical analysis can help differentiate between events that are attributable to a drug from those associated with underlying diseases or other factors, underlying the complexity of detection.[5] Several investigators, among them researchers at the FDA, have developed such logical evaluation methods, or algorithms, for evaluating the probability of an ADR.[2, 20-24] Almost all of these methods employ critical causation variables identified by Sir Austin Bradford Hill in 1965.[6] The most widely accepted of these instruments is the Naranjo algorithm[22] (Table). This method has been tested for internal validity with between-rater reliability testing, and its probability scale has consensual, content, and concurrent validity as well as ease of use in clinical settings and controlled studies. (en)
- L'algorithme de Naranjo, aussi appelé échelle de Naranjo ou nomogramme de Naranjo est un questionnaire conçu par Naranjo et al. pour déterminer la probabilité qu'une réaction indésirable à un médicament (en anglais ADR pour adverse drug reaction) est réellement due au médicament plutôt qu'à d'autres facteurs. Une probabilité est affectée sur une échelle « certain, probable, possible, douteux » à partir d'une série de notes. Les scores obtenus par cet algorithme sont parfois utilisés dans les critiques de pairs pour vérifier la validité des conclusions de l'auteur au sujet des réactions indésirables. (fr)
- Algoritmo de Naranjo, escala de probabilidade de Reação Adversa a Medicamento ou escala de Naranjo é um questionário desenvolvido por Naranjo et al na década de 80. As questões forneciam ao pesquisador informações sobre o grau de probabilidade de uma reação adversa a medicamento. Pode dar como resultado, dependendo da pontuação obtida, definitiva, provável, possível e duvidosa. O algoritmo foi desenvolvida por uma equipe composta de quatro farmacêuticos e dois médicos que avaliou publicações de 1978 envolvendo reações adversas a medicamentos. As vantagens de sua utilização são a facilidade de resolver e a interpretação de seu resultado. Tem como limitação desconsiderar a presença de dois fármacos no evento e algumas de suas perguntas difíceis de contextualizar no universo das interações farmacológicas além de não responder claramente se o efeito deve-se a uma interação farmacológica. (pt)
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- L'algorithme de Naranjo, aussi appelé échelle de Naranjo ou nomogramme de Naranjo est un questionnaire conçu par Naranjo et al. pour déterminer la probabilité qu'une réaction indésirable à un médicament (en anglais ADR pour adverse drug reaction) est réellement due au médicament plutôt qu'à d'autres facteurs. Une probabilité est affectée sur une échelle « certain, probable, possible, douteux » à partir d'une série de notes. Les scores obtenus par cet algorithme sont parfois utilisés dans les critiques de pairs pour vérifier la validité des conclusions de l'auteur au sujet des réactions indésirables. (fr)
- The Naranjo algorithm, Naranjo Scale, or Naranjo Nomogram is a questionnaire designed by Naranjo et al. for determining the likelihood of whether an ADR (adverse drug reaction) is actually due to the drug rather than the result of other factors. Probability is assigned via a score termed definite, probable, possible or doubtful. Values obtained from this algorithm are often used in peer reviews to verify the validity of author's conclusions regarding adverse drug reactions. It is also called the Naranjo Scale or Naranjo Score. (en)
- Algoritmo de Naranjo, escala de probabilidade de Reação Adversa a Medicamento ou escala de Naranjo é um questionário desenvolvido por Naranjo et al na década de 80. As questões forneciam ao pesquisador informações sobre o grau de probabilidade de uma reação adversa a medicamento. Pode dar como resultado, dependendo da pontuação obtida, definitiva, provável, possível e duvidosa. O algoritmo foi desenvolvida por uma equipe composta de quatro farmacêuticos e dois médicos que avaliou publicações de 1978 envolvendo reações adversas a medicamentos. (pt)
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- Algorithme de Naranjo (fr)
- Naranjo algorithm (en)
- Algoritmo de Naranjo (pt)
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