About: Moe aikāne

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Moe aikāne refers to intimate relationships between partners of the same gender, known as aikāne, in pre-colonial Hawaiʻi. These relationships were particularly cherished by aliʻi nui (chiefs) and the male and female kaukaualiʻi performing a hana lawelawe or expected service with no stigma attached. Moe aikāne is distinct from māhū, a traditional Hawaiian term referring to individuals who have dual male and female spirit.

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  • Moe aikāne se refiere a las relaciones íntimas entre parejas del mismo género, conocidas como aikāne, en el Hawái precolonial. Estas relaciones fueron especialmente apreciadas por los aliʻi nui (jefes) y los kaukaualiʻi masculinos y femeninos que realizaban un hana lawelawe o servicio esperado sin ningún estigma asociado.​ Los moe aikāne se celebraron en muchos moʻolelo (leyendas e historia), incluidas las epopeyas de Pele y Hiʻiaka. La mayoría de los principales jefes, incluido Kamehameha I, tenían moe aikāne. El teniente declaró que "todos los jefes los tenían" y cuenta una historia en la que un jefe le pidió al capitán James Cook que dejara a King atrás, considerando tal oferta como un gran honor. Varios miembros de la tripulación de Cook relataron historias de la tradición con gran desdén. El aventurero y marinero estadounidense comentó en detalle sobre la tradición tal como la percibía. Las relaciones eran oficiales y de ninguna manera ocultas. La relación sexual era considerada natural por los hawaianos de esa época.​ La palabra y categoría social de aikāne se refiere a: ai o relación sexual íntima; y kāne o hombre/esposo. En moʻolelo o cánticos tradicionales, las mujeres y las diosas (así como los jefes aliʻi) se referían a sus amantes femeninas como aikāne, como cuando la diosa Hiʻiaka se refiere a su amante Hōpoe como su aikāne. Durante finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, la palabra aikāne fue "purificada" de su significado sexual por el colonialismo, y en forma impresa significaba simplemente "amigo", aunque en las publicaciones en idioma hawaiano su significado metafórico podría significar "amigo" o "amante" sin estigmatización.​ Entre los hombres, las relaciones sexuales suelen comenzar cuando las parejas son adolescentes y continúan durante toda su vida, aunque también mantienen parejas heterosexuales.​ Estas relaciones se aceptan como parte de la historia de la antigua cultura hawaiana.​ Si bien moe aikāne podría considerarse un ejemplo de una comunidad nominalmente heterosexual que acepta relaciones homosexuales y bisexuales, el autor Kanalu G. Terry Young afirma en su libro Rethinking the Native Hawaiian Past que estas relaciones no eran bisexuales en un sentido social. Estas eran relaciones de los tiempos de ʻōiwi wale que no tenían ningún estigma en el ʻano (la naturaleza o el carácter de uno) de la persona.​ Moe aikāne es distinto de māhū, un término hawaiano tradicional que se refiere a las personas que tienen un espíritu dual masculino y femenino. (es)
  • Moe aikāne refers to intimate relationships between partners of the same gender, known as aikāne, in pre-colonial Hawaiʻi. These relationships were particularly cherished by aliʻi nui (chiefs) and the male and female kaukaualiʻi performing a hana lawelawe or expected service with no stigma attached. Moe aikāne were celebrated in many moʻolelo (legends and history), including the Pele and Hiʻiaka epics. Most of the major chiefs, including Kamehameha I, had moe aikāne. Lieutenant James King stated that "all the chiefs had them" and recounts a tale that Captain Cook was asked by one chief to leave King behind, considering such an offer a great honor. A number of Cook's crew related tales of the tradition with great disdain. American adventurer and sailor John Ledyard commented in detail about the tradition as he perceived it. The relationships were official and in no way hidden. The sexual relationship was considered natural by the Hawaiians of that time. The word and social category of aikāne refers to: ai or intimate sexual relationship; and kāne or male/husband. In traditional moʻolelo or chants, women and goddesses (as well as aliʻi chiefs) referred to their female lovers as aikāne, as when the goddess Hiʻiaka refers to her female lover Hōpoe as her aikāne. During the late 19th and early 20th century, the word aikāne was "purified" of its sexual meaning by colonialism, and in print meant simply "friend", although in Hawaiian language publications its metaphorical meaning could mean either "friend" or "lover" without stigmatization. Among men, the sexual relationships usually begin when the partners are teens and continue throughout their lives, even though they also maintain heterosexual partners. These relationships are accepted as part of the history of ancient Hawaiian culture. While moe aikāne might be thought of as an example of a nominally heterosexual community accepting homosexual and bisexual relationships, author Kanalu G. Terry Young states in his book Rethinking the Native Hawaiian Past that these relationships were not bisexual in a social sense. These were relationships from the ʻōiwi wale times that held no stigmatism to the person's ʻano (one's nature or character). Moe aikāne is distinct from māhū, a traditional Hawaiian term referring to individuals who have dual male and female spirit. (en)
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  • Moe aikāne se refiere a las relaciones íntimas entre parejas del mismo género, conocidas como aikāne, en el Hawái precolonial. Estas relaciones fueron especialmente apreciadas por los aliʻi nui (jefes) y los kaukaualiʻi masculinos y femeninos que realizaban un hana lawelawe o servicio esperado sin ningún estigma asociado.​ Moe aikāne es distinto de māhū, un término hawaiano tradicional que se refiere a las personas que tienen un espíritu dual masculino y femenino. (es)
  • Moe aikāne refers to intimate relationships between partners of the same gender, known as aikāne, in pre-colonial Hawaiʻi. These relationships were particularly cherished by aliʻi nui (chiefs) and the male and female kaukaualiʻi performing a hana lawelawe or expected service with no stigma attached. Moe aikāne is distinct from māhū, a traditional Hawaiian term referring to individuals who have dual male and female spirit. (en)
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  • Moe aikāne (es)
  • Moe aikāne (en)
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