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- Matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (MALDESI) was first introduced in 2006 as a novel ambient ionization technique which combines the benefits of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). An infrared (IR) or ultraviolet (UV) laser can be utilized in MALDESI to resonantly excite an endogenous or exogenous matrix. The term ‘matrix’ refers to any molecule that is present in large excess and absorbs the energy of the laser, thus facilitating desorption of analyte molecules. The original MALDESI design was implemented using common organic matrices, similar to those used in MALDI, along with a UV laser. The current MALDESI source employs endogenous water or a thin layer of exogenously deposited ice as the energy-absorbing matrix where O-H symmetric and asymmetric stretching bonds are resonantly excited by a mid-IR laser. The IR-MALDESI source can be used for mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), a technique using MS data analyzed from a sample area to detect hundreds to thousands of biomolecules and visualize their spatial distributions. The IR-MALDESI MSI source was designed and implemented in 2013, and is coupled to a high resolving power hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The computer controlled motorized stage and a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera are placed in a nitrogen purged enclosure where ambient ions and relative humidity can be regulated. A water-cooled Peltier thermoelectric plate is used to control the sample stage temperature (−10 °C to 80 °C). The source has single- or multi-shot capabilities with adjustable laser fluence, repetition rate, and delay between the laser trigger and MS ion accumulation. Over the past ten years, transformative developments in the laser technology, data acquisition, motor-control software (RastirX), and imaging processing software (MSiReader) have promoted IR-MALDESI as a powerful tool for the direct analysis and MSI of diverse biological, forensic, and pharmaceutical samples. (en)
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- Matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (MALDESI) was first introduced in 2006 as a novel ambient ionization technique which combines the benefits of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). An infrared (IR) or ultraviolet (UV) laser can be utilized in MALDESI to resonantly excite an endogenous or exogenous matrix. The term ‘matrix’ refers to any molecule that is present in large excess and absorbs the energy of the laser, thus facilitating desorption of analyte molecules. The original MALDESI design was implemented using common organic matrices, similar to those used in MALDI, along with a UV laser. The current MALDESI source employs endogenous water or a thin layer of exogenously deposited ice as the energy-absorbing matrix w (en)
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- Matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (en)
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