| dbo:abstract
|
- Liu Zhennian (Chinese: 刘珍年; pinyin: Líu Zhēn Nián) (1898 in Nangong, Hebei, China - May 13, 1935) was a Chinese military commander during the Warlord Era and Nanjing decade in the history of the Republic of China. Liu graduated from the Baoding Military Academy and served as a regimental and brigade commander under the warlords Li Jinglin, Chu Yupu, and Zhang Zongchang. After the defeat of Zhang Zongchang, Liu switched sides his forces were absorbed by the Kuomintang. He captured and killed his former patron Chu Yupu on 4 September 1929. Subsequently, Liu was appointed commander of the 21st Division in 1930. Having eastern Shandong as his defense area, he became known as the "King of Shandong East" and was unpopular for levying heavy taxes. In autumn 1932, he was attacked and evicted from Shandong by its governor Han Fuju because Liu had refused to obey his orders. After his defeat, Nanjing transferred him and his 21st Division south to Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province at the end of 1932. There his troops, removed from their familiar surroundings, suffered from sickness and became mutinous. Despite his appeal to Chiang Kai-shek in January 1933, his Division was sent to participate in the Fourth Encirclement Campaign against Jiangxi Soviet in Jiangxi Province. He soon resigned from the army, but was arrested in May by for disobeying Chiang's order to attack the Chinese Red Army and was executed as a consequence in 1935. (en)
- Liu Zhennian (Hanzi: 刘珍年; Pinyin: Líu Zhēn Nián) (1898 di Nangong, Hebei, Tiongkok - 13 Mei 1935) adalah seorang komandan militer Tiongkok selama Era Panglima Perang dan Dekade Nanjing dalam sejarah Republik Tiongkok. Liu lulusan dari Akademi Militer Baoding, kemudian menjabat sebagai komandan resimen dan brigade di bawah pimpinan panglima perang Li Jinglin, Chu Yupu dan Zhang Zongchang. Setelah kekalahan Zhang Zongchang, Liu berpindah pihak sehingga pasukannya diserap oleh Kuomintang. Dia menangkap dan membunuh mantan pelindung dan atasannya, Chu Yupu pada 4 September 1929. Selanjutnya, Liu diangkat menjadi komandan Divisi ke-21 pada 1930. Menguasai Shandong bagian timur sebagai wilayah pertahanannya, Liu dikenal sebagai "Raja Shandong Timur", tetapi dia tidak disukai karena memungut pajak yang besar. Pada musim gugur 1932, dia diserang dan diusir dari Shandong oleh gubernur Shandong, Han Fuju karena menolak mematuhi perintah sang gubernur. Setelah kekalahannya, pemerintah Nanjing memindahkan dia dan Divisi ke-21 ke selatan yaitu ke Wenzhou, Zhejiang pada akhir 1932. Di sana pasukannya yang dipindahkan dari lingkungan yang sudah mereka kenal, menderita sakit sehingga memberontak. Meskipun ia mengajukan banding ke Chiang Kai-shek pada Januari 1933, divisinya tetap dikirim untuk berpartisipasi dalam Kampanye pengepungan keempat melawan Jiangxi Soviet di Jiangxi. Liu segera mengundurkan diri dari ketentaraan, tetapi ditangkap pada bulan Mei oleh Li Duping karena tidak mematuhi perintah Chiang untuk menyerang Tentara Merah Tiongkok dan Liu akhirnya dieksekusi pada 1935. (in)
- 劉珍年（1898年－1935年），民國時期山東地方軍閥，有膠東王之稱。字儒席，直隸南宮（今河北省南宮市）王道寨鄉劉家莊人。 (zh)
|
