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Lacrosse or Onyx is a series of terrestrial radar imaging reconnaissance satellites operated by the United States National Reconnaissance Office (NRO). While not officially confirmed by the NRO or the Government of the United States prior to 2008, there was widespread evidence pointing to its existence, including one NASA website. In July 2008, the NRO itself declassified the existence of its synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite constellation. Unit costs (including launch) in 1990 dollars are estimated to be in the range of US$0.5 to 1.0 billion.

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dbo:abstract
  • لاكروس (بالإنجليزية: Lacrosse)‏ سلسلة من أقمار الاستطلاع الاصطناعية التي تعمل على تصوير سطح الأرض من خلال الرادار، تدير هذه السلسلة من الأقمار الاصطناعية مكتب الاستطلاع الوطني الأمريكي، لم تفصح لوقت طويل حكومة الولايات المتحدة عن وجود مكتب الاستطلاع الوطني لدوافع تتعلق بالسرية، لكن تم رفع السرية عن مكتب الاستطلاع الوطني في سنة 2008. هذه السلسلة من الأقمار الاصطناعية تحتوي على رادارات ذات فتحة اصطناعية، تمكنها من التقاط الصور خلال الضباب وفي جميع الظروف الجوية بما فيها الرديئة، وتستخدم هذه السلسلة لأغراض عسكرية وتجسسية، أطلق أول قمر اصطناعي من هذا الطراز في ديسمبر سنة 1988، سنة 1990 قدرت تكلفة القمر الواحد بما فيها تكاليف الإطلاق مابين 500-1000 مليون دولار أمريكي. (ar)
  • Lacrosse (auch Onyx) ist die Bezeichnung für eine Serie militärischer Aufklärungssatelliten des National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) der USA. Die Satelliten verfügen über Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), ähnlich dem auf der zivilen Raumsonde Magellan eingesetzten System, um unabhängig von Tageszeit oder Bewölkung Aufnahmen zu gewinnen. Die Auflösung dieses SAR-Radars liegt bei 50 cm. Hersteller der Lacrosse-Onyx-Satelliten ist die US-Firma Lockheed Martin Astronautics in Colorado. (de)
  • Lacrosse or Onyx is a series of terrestrial radar imaging reconnaissance satellites operated by the United States National Reconnaissance Office (NRO). While not officially confirmed by the NRO or the Government of the United States prior to 2008, there was widespread evidence pointing to its existence, including one NASA website. In July 2008, the NRO itself declassified the existence of its synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite constellation. According to former Director of Central Intelligence Admiral Stansfield Turner, Lacrosse had its origins in 1950 (1980?) when a dispute between the Central Intelligence Agency and the U.S. Air Force as to whether a combined optical/radar reconnaissance satellite (the CIA proposal) or a radar-only one (the USAF proposal) should be developed was resolved in favor of the USAF. Lacrosse uses synthetic aperture radar as its prime imaging instrument. It is able to see through cloud cover and also has some ability to penetrate soil, though there have been more powerful instruments deployed in space for this specific purpose. Early versions are believed to have used the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) to relay imagery to a ground station at White Sands, New Mexico. There are some indications that other relay satellites may now be available for use with Lacrosse. The name Lacrosse is used to refer to all variants, while Onyx is sometimes used to refer to the three newer units. Unit costs (including launch) in 1990 dollars are estimated to be in the range of US$0.5 to 1.0 billion. (en)
  • Lacrosse et Onyx sont les noms de code de satellites espions à imagerie radar du National Reconnaissance Office des États-Unis. Bien que ce programme ne soit pas officiellement confirmé par le NRO ou par l'administration américaine, son existence ne fait aucun doute. L'instrument imageur principal des satellites Lacrosse est un radar à synthèse d'ouverture, capable de « voir » à travers les nuages et, dans une certaine mesure, à travers le sol. Les premiers satellites renvoyaient leurs images via le réseau TDRSS (Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System) à la base terrestre de White Sands, au Nouveau-Mexique. Il semble que les satellites plus récents sont capables d'utiliser d'autres réseaux. Le terme Lacrosse fait référence à tous les satellites, tandis que le terme Onyx ne concerne que les trois derniers satellites lancés (à mai 2007). (fr)
  • Lacrosse atau Onyx adalah serangkaian satelit pencitraan pengintai radar terestrial yang dioperasikan oleh National Reconnaissance Office Amerika Serikat. Meskipun tidak secara resmi dikonfirmasi oleh NRO atau siapa pun di pemerintah AS, untuk waktu yang lama, dan ada bukti luas untuk mengkonfirmasi keberadaannya, termasuk salah satu situs NASA. Pada bulan Juli 2008, NRO itu sendiri diklasifikasikan keberadaan konstelasi satelit SAR mereka. (in)
  • Lacrosse e Onyx sono i nomi in codice di satelliti spia dell'Ufficio Nazionale per la Ricognizione (NRO, National Reconnaissance Office) degli Stati Uniti. Anche se non è stata ammessa ufficialmente dall'NRO, l'esistenza di questi satelliti è confermata da numerose prove. I satelliti Lacrosse effettuano mappature tramite un sistema radar ad apertura sintetica (SAR, Synthetic Aperture Radar), in grado di "penetrare" (inferire dati) fino ad una certa profondità nel terreno; a questo fine sono stati però spediti nello spazio strumenti ancora più efficaci. Il nome "Lacrosse" si riferisce a tutte le varianti di satellite, mentre "Onyx" è stato usato per la terza e la quarta unità prodotta. Nel 2001 il National Reconnaissance Office disponeva di tre satelliti spia Lacrosse in aggiunta ad altri tre di categoria . (it)
  • ラクロス(Lacrosse)またはオニキス(Onyx)は、アメリカ国家偵察局が運用する合成開口レーダー(SAR)を搭載した偵察衛星である。1988年から2005年にかけて5機が打ち上げられた。 (ja)
  • Lacrosse ou Onyx é a designação de uma série de satélites de reconhecimento de imagens por radar, operados pelo National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) dos Estados Unidos. Apesar de não serem reconhecidos oficialmente pelo NRO antes de 2008, existiam muitas evidências apontando para a sua existência, incluindo um site da NASA. Em julho de 2008, o NRO liberou os documentos secretos sobre a existência desses satélites e seus radares de abertura sintética. (pt)
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dbp:caption
  • An image released by the NRO, reportedly showing a Lacrosse satellite under construction. (en)
dbp:country
  • United States (en)
dbp:first
  • USA-34, 1988-12-02 (en)
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  • 300 (xsd:integer)
dbp:last
  • USA-182, 2005-04-30 (en)
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  • 5 (xsd:integer)
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  • Lacrosse / Onyx (en)
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  • 0 (xsd:integer)
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  • U.S. National Reconnaissance Office (en)
dbp:orbits
dbp:retired
  • All (en)
dbp:status
  • Out of Production (en)
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rdfs:comment
  • Lacrosse (auch Onyx) ist die Bezeichnung für eine Serie militärischer Aufklärungssatelliten des National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) der USA. Die Satelliten verfügen über Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), ähnlich dem auf der zivilen Raumsonde Magellan eingesetzten System, um unabhängig von Tageszeit oder Bewölkung Aufnahmen zu gewinnen. Die Auflösung dieses SAR-Radars liegt bei 50 cm. Hersteller der Lacrosse-Onyx-Satelliten ist die US-Firma Lockheed Martin Astronautics in Colorado. (de)
  • Lacrosse atau Onyx adalah serangkaian satelit pencitraan pengintai radar terestrial yang dioperasikan oleh National Reconnaissance Office Amerika Serikat. Meskipun tidak secara resmi dikonfirmasi oleh NRO atau siapa pun di pemerintah AS, untuk waktu yang lama, dan ada bukti luas untuk mengkonfirmasi keberadaannya, termasuk salah satu situs NASA. Pada bulan Juli 2008, NRO itu sendiri diklasifikasikan keberadaan konstelasi satelit SAR mereka. (in)
  • ラクロス(Lacrosse)またはオニキス(Onyx)は、アメリカ国家偵察局が運用する合成開口レーダー(SAR)を搭載した偵察衛星である。1988年から2005年にかけて5機が打ち上げられた。 (ja)
  • Lacrosse ou Onyx é a designação de uma série de satélites de reconhecimento de imagens por radar, operados pelo National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) dos Estados Unidos. Apesar de não serem reconhecidos oficialmente pelo NRO antes de 2008, existiam muitas evidências apontando para a sua existência, incluindo um site da NASA. Em julho de 2008, o NRO liberou os documentos secretos sobre a existência desses satélites e seus radares de abertura sintética. (pt)
  • لاكروس (بالإنجليزية: Lacrosse)‏ سلسلة من أقمار الاستطلاع الاصطناعية التي تعمل على تصوير سطح الأرض من خلال الرادار، تدير هذه السلسلة من الأقمار الاصطناعية مكتب الاستطلاع الوطني الأمريكي، لم تفصح لوقت طويل حكومة الولايات المتحدة عن وجود مكتب الاستطلاع الوطني لدوافع تتعلق بالسرية، لكن تم رفع السرية عن مكتب الاستطلاع الوطني في سنة 2008. (ar)
  • Lacrosse or Onyx is a series of terrestrial radar imaging reconnaissance satellites operated by the United States National Reconnaissance Office (NRO). While not officially confirmed by the NRO or the Government of the United States prior to 2008, there was widespread evidence pointing to its existence, including one NASA website. In July 2008, the NRO itself declassified the existence of its synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite constellation. Unit costs (including launch) in 1990 dollars are estimated to be in the range of US$0.5 to 1.0 billion. (en)
  • Lacrosse et Onyx sont les noms de code de satellites espions à imagerie radar du National Reconnaissance Office des États-Unis. Bien que ce programme ne soit pas officiellement confirmé par le NRO ou par l'administration américaine, son existence ne fait aucun doute. L'instrument imageur principal des satellites Lacrosse est un radar à synthèse d'ouverture, capable de « voir » à travers les nuages et, dans une certaine mesure, à travers le sol. Les premiers satellites renvoyaient leurs images via le réseau TDRSS (Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System) à la base terrestre de White Sands, au Nouveau-Mexique. Il semble que les satellites plus récents sont capables d'utiliser d'autres réseaux. (fr)
  • Lacrosse e Onyx sono i nomi in codice di satelliti spia dell'Ufficio Nazionale per la Ricognizione (NRO, National Reconnaissance Office) degli Stati Uniti. Anche se non è stata ammessa ufficialmente dall'NRO, l'esistenza di questi satelliti è confermata da numerose prove. I satelliti Lacrosse effettuano mappature tramite un sistema radar ad apertura sintetica (SAR, Synthetic Aperture Radar), in grado di "penetrare" (inferire dati) fino ad una certa profondità nel terreno; a questo fine sono stati però spediti nello spazio strumenti ancora più efficaci. (it)
rdfs:label
  • لاكروس (قمر اصطناعي) (ar)
  • Lacrosse (Satellit) (de)
  • Lacrosse (satellite) (fr)
  • Lacrosse (satelit) (in)
  • Lacrosse (satellite) (it)
  • Lacrosse (satellite) (en)
  • ラクロス (人工衛星) (ja)
  • Lacrosse (satélite) (pt)
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