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- Kuxa Kanema: o nascimento do cinema és un documental de Moçambic de 2003 dirigit per Margarida Cardoso de l' Instituto Nacional de Cine, (INC), creat pel president Samora Machel el 1975 després de la independència de Moçambic. En el moment de la independència, Moçambic mancava d'una xarxa nacional de televisió, de manera que un programa era l'única manera d'arribar a la població a través dels mitjans de comunicació visual. El primer acte cultural del govern del President Machel va ser l'establiment del programa noticiari setmanal Kuxa Kanema. Els noticiaris es mostren en les relativament escasses sales de cinema de Moçambic en format de 35 mm. A les zones rurals, les unitats mòbils proporcionats per la Unió Soviètica oferien els noticiaris en format de 16 mm. El govern de Machel, però, no va finançar ni fomentar la creació d'una indústria cinematogràfica dissenyada estrictament com a valor d'entreteniment. La pel·lícula també detalla la lluita per fer funcionar l'INC: Moçambic no tenia indústria de cinema ni escoles de cinema (s'hi van traslladar instructors brasilers i cubans per oferir formació educativa). Els noticiaris resultants es van rodar en negre-en-blanc perquè la pel·lícula en color era massa cara. La mort de Machel en un accident aeri el 1986, juntament amb atacs guerrillers llançats pels governs de l'apartheid de Sud-àfrica i Rhodèsia que van desestabilitzar Moçambic fins al punt de la guerra civil, va ajudar a matar aquest programa. Molts dels cinemes de les ciutats van ser danyats en la guerra civil, mentre que les presentacions rurals de Kuxa Kanema van ser cancel·lades a causa de la falta de pas segur pels camins rurals. Cap al final del conflicte, la televisió nacional s'havia establert i no s'havia fet cap crida per una presentació de noticiaris teatral. Kuxa Kanema: o nascimento do cinema ofereix fragments del material que s'ha vist poques vegades en les pel·lícules de l'INC. També es veu en l'oferta del cineasta francès Jean-Luc Godard per crear una xarxa nacional de televisió independent. Kuxa Kanema: o nascimento do cinema s'ha exhibit en festivals de cinema i ha estat llançada en DVD. (ca)
- Kuxa Kanema: The Birth of Cinema is a 2003 documentary by Margarida Cardoso on the National Institute of Cinema (INC), created by President Samora Machel following the 1975 independence of Mozambique. At the time of independence, Mozambique lacked a national television network, so a newsreel program was the only way to reach the population through visual media. The first cultural act of President Machel's government was the establishment of the Kuxa Kanema weekly newsreel program. The newsreels were shown in Mozambique's relatively few cinemas in the 35mm format. In the rural areas, mobile units provided by the Soviet Union offered the newsreels in the 16mm format. Machel's government, however, did not finance or encourage the creation of a film industry designed strictly for entertainment value. The film also details the struggle to get INC up and running: Mozambique had no film industry or film schools (Brazilian and Cuban instructors were flown in to offer on-the-spot educational training). The resulting newsreels were shot in black-in-white because color film was too expensive. Machel's death in an airplane crash in 1986, coupled with guerrilla attacks launched by the apartheid governments of South Africa and Rhodesia that destabilized Mozambique to the point of civil war, helped to kill this program. Many of the cinemas in the cities were damaged in the civil war, while the rural presentations of Kuxa Kanema were cancelled due to the lack of safe passage along rural roads. By the end of the conflict, national television had been established and there was no call for a theatrical newsreel presentation. Kuxa Kanema: The Birth of Cinema offers clips of rarely seen footage from the INC films. It also looks into the offer by French filmmaker Jean-Luc Godard to create a national independent television network. Kuxa Kanema: The Birth of Cinema has played in film festivals and has been released on DVD. (en)
- Kuxa Kanema: o nascimento do cinema est un film documentaire réalisé en 2004. (fr)
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- Kuxa Kanema: The Birth of Cinema (en)
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- Filmes do Tejo, Laspus, Derives (en)
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- Kuxa Kanema: o nascimento do cinema est un film documentaire réalisé en 2004. (fr)
- Kuxa Kanema: o nascimento do cinema és un documental de Moçambic de 2003 dirigit per Margarida Cardoso de l' Instituto Nacional de Cine, (INC), creat pel president Samora Machel el 1975 després de la independència de Moçambic. La pel·lícula també detalla la lluita per fer funcionar l'INC: Moçambic no tenia indústria de cinema ni escoles de cinema (s'hi van traslladar instructors brasilers i cubans per oferir formació educativa). Els noticiaris resultants es van rodar en negre-en-blanc perquè la pel·lícula en color era massa cara. (ca)
- Kuxa Kanema: The Birth of Cinema is a 2003 documentary by Margarida Cardoso on the National Institute of Cinema (INC), created by President Samora Machel following the 1975 independence of Mozambique. At the time of independence, Mozambique lacked a national television network, so a newsreel program was the only way to reach the population through visual media. The first cultural act of President Machel's government was the establishment of the Kuxa Kanema weekly newsreel program. The newsreels were shown in Mozambique's relatively few cinemas in the 35mm format. In the rural areas, mobile units provided by the Soviet Union offered the newsreels in the 16mm format. Machel's government, however, did not finance or encourage the creation of a film industry designed strictly for entertainment (en)
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- Kuxa Kanema: o nascimento do cinema (ca)
- Kuxa Kanema: o nascimento do cinema (fr)
- Kuxa Kanema: The Birth of Cinema (en)
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- Kuxa Kanema: The Birth of Cinema (en)
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