| dbo:abstract
|
- Speziierung (in Anlehnung an das engl. speciation oder chemical speciation) bezeichnet in der Chemie entweder a) den Vorgang (d. h. die Herausbildung) chemischer Ausprägungsformen einer Substanz infolge eines sich einstellenden Reaktionsgleichgewichts oder b) den erreichten Gleichgewichtszustand selbst (Übersicht über die vorliegenden chemischen Spezies). Der im Deutschen bevorzugte Begriff Speziierung vermeidet die im Englischen gegebene Verwechslungsgefahr mit dem seit längerem eingeführten Begriff der Speziation für die biologische Artbildung. (de)
- Speciation of ions refers to the changing concentration of varying forms of an ion as the pH of the solution changes. The pH of a solution of a monoprotic weak acid can be expressed in terms of the extent of dissociation. After rearranging the expression defining the acid dissociation constant, and putting pH = −log10[H+], one obtains pH = pKa – log ( [AH]/[A−] ) This is a form of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. It can be deduced from this expression that
* when the acid is 1 % dissociated, that is, when [AH]/[A−] = 100, pH = pKa − 2
* when the acid is 50 % dissociated, that is, when [AH]/[A−] = 1, pH = pKa
* when the acid is 99 % dissociated, that is, when [AH]/[A−] = 0.01, pH = pKa + 2 It follows that the range of pH within which there is partial dissociation of the acid is about pKa ± 2. This is shown graphically at the right. A practical application of these results is that the pH transition range of a pH indicator is approximately pKa ± 1; the colour of the indicator in its acid form is different from the colour of the conjugate base form. In the transition range both forms are in equilibrium, so the colour is intermediate. Outside the transition range the concentration of acid or conjugate base is less than 10 % and the colour of the major species dominates. A weak acid may be defined as an acid with pKa greater than about −2. An acid with pKa = −2 would be 99 % dissociated at pH 0, that is, in a 1 M HCl solution. Any acid with a pKa less than about −2 is said to be a strong acid. Strong acids are said to be fully dissociated. There is no precise pKa value that distinguishes between strong and weak acids because strong acids, such as sulfuric acid, are associated in very concentrated solution. Calculation of the species concentrations for a polyprotic acid is more complicated unless the pK values are separated by four or more, because three or more species may co-exist at a given pH. The example of citric acid is shown at the right. The pH regions in which the species exist overlap extensively since the difference between successive pKa values is small. A large number of computer programs for the calculation of equilibrium species concentrations have been published. Most of them can handle much more complicated equilibria than acid-base equilibria in solution. For details concerning general purpose programs see computer programs for calculating species concentrations in chemical equilibrium. (en)
- La spéciation chimique d'un élément est la distinction entre les différentes formes de liaisons possibles (les espèces) de cet élément dans un environnement donné. Elle dépend du type de complexe que l’élément va former avec les ligands présents dans l'environnement et de son degré d'oxydation. (fr)
- In chimica si definisce speciazione o speciazione di un elemento la distribuzione di un elemento nelle sue diverse specie chimiche. Il termine speciazione può riferirsi anche all'analisi di speciazione, ma la IUPAC ne sconsiglia l'uso con questo significato. La IUPAC dà alcune definizioni (EN) Speciation of an element; speciation. Distribution of an element amongst defined chemical species in a system. (Chemical species. Chemical elements: specific form of an element defined as to isotopic composition, electronic or oxidation state, and/or complex or molecular structure).Speciazione di un elemento; speciazione. Distribuzione di un elemento nelle specie chimiche definite in un sistema. (Specie chimica. Elemento chimico: specifica forma di un elemento definita come la sua composizione isotopica, stato di ossidazione o elettronico, e/o struttura molecolare o del complesso.) Un'altra definizione IUPAC è: (EN) "Speciation - the process yielding evidence of the atomic or molecular form of the analyte.""Speciazione - il processo che fornisce la prova della forma atomica o molecolare dell'analita." (it)
|
| dbo:thumbnail
| |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink
| |
| dbo:wikiPageID
| |
| dbo:wikiPageLength
|
- 3759 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
|
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID
| |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
| |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate
| |
| dcterms:subject
| |
| rdf:type
| |
| rdfs:comment
|
- Speziierung (in Anlehnung an das engl. speciation oder chemical speciation) bezeichnet in der Chemie entweder a) den Vorgang (d. h. die Herausbildung) chemischer Ausprägungsformen einer Substanz infolge eines sich einstellenden Reaktionsgleichgewichts oder b) den erreichten Gleichgewichtszustand selbst (Übersicht über die vorliegenden chemischen Spezies). Der im Deutschen bevorzugte Begriff Speziierung vermeidet die im Englischen gegebene Verwechslungsgefahr mit dem seit längerem eingeführten Begriff der Speziation für die biologische Artbildung. (de)
- La spéciation chimique d'un élément est la distinction entre les différentes formes de liaisons possibles (les espèces) de cet élément dans un environnement donné. Elle dépend du type de complexe que l’élément va former avec les ligands présents dans l'environnement et de son degré d'oxydation. (fr)
- Speciation of ions refers to the changing concentration of varying forms of an ion as the pH of the solution changes. The pH of a solution of a monoprotic weak acid can be expressed in terms of the extent of dissociation. After rearranging the expression defining the acid dissociation constant, and putting pH = −log10[H+], one obtains pH = pKa – log ( [AH]/[A−] ) This is a form of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. It can be deduced from this expression that (en)
- In chimica si definisce speciazione o speciazione di un elemento la distribuzione di un elemento nelle sue diverse specie chimiche. Il termine speciazione può riferirsi anche all'analisi di speciazione, ma la IUPAC ne sconsiglia l'uso con questo significato. La IUPAC dà alcune definizioni Un'altra definizione IUPAC è: (EN) "Speciation - the process yielding evidence of the atomic or molecular form of the analyte.""Speciazione - il processo che fornisce la prova della forma atomica o molecolare dell'analita." (it)
|
| rdfs:label
|
- Speziierung (de)
- Spéciation chimique (fr)
- Ion speciation (en)
- Speciazione (chimica) (it)
|
| owl:sameAs
| |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom
| |
| foaf:depiction
| |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf
| |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects
of | |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
of | |
| is foaf:primaryTopic
of | |
