About: Ice XI

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Ice XI is the hydrogen-ordered form of Ih, the ordinary form of ice. Different phases of ice, from ice II to ice XVIII, have been created in the laboratory at different temperatures and pressures. The total internal energy of ice XI is about one sixth lower than ice Ih, so in principle it should naturally form when ice Ih is cooled to below 72 K. The low temperature required to achieve this transition is correlated with the relatively low energy difference between the two structures. Water molecules in ice Ih are surrounded by four semi-randomly directed hydrogen bonds. Such arrangements should change to the more ordered arrangement of hydrogen bonds found in ice XI at low temperatures, so long as localized proton hopping is sufficiently enabled; a process that becomes easier with increasi

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  • Ice XI is the hydrogen-ordered form of Ih, the ordinary form of ice. Different phases of ice, from ice II to ice XVIII, have been created in the laboratory at different temperatures and pressures. The total internal energy of ice XI is about one sixth lower than ice Ih, so in principle it should naturally form when ice Ih is cooled to below 72 K. The low temperature required to achieve this transition is correlated with the relatively low energy difference between the two structures. Water molecules in ice Ih are surrounded by four semi-randomly directed hydrogen bonds. Such arrangements should change to the more ordered arrangement of hydrogen bonds found in ice XI at low temperatures, so long as localized proton hopping is sufficiently enabled; a process that becomes easier with increasing pressure. Correspondingly, ice XI is believed to have a triple point with hexagonal ice and gaseous water at (~72 K, ~0 Pa). (en)
  • Gelo XI é uma forma cristalina hexagonal do gelo. Pode ser formado a partir de uma solução diluída do hidróxido de potássio (KOH) de concentração 10 mM mantida a temperaturas logo abaixo de 72 K por cerca de uma semana.. É possível que se forme no espaço e traga implicações na formação de planetas. (pt)
  • Lód XI – rombowa odmiana lodu, stabilna pod ciśnieniem niższym od ok. 200 MPa i w bardzo niskiej temperaturze (poniżej -201 °C). (pl)
  • Лёд XI — ромбическая низкотемпературная равновесная форма гексагонального льда Ih с упорядоченным расположением протонов. Является сегнетоэлектриком. Считается, что лёд XI представляет собой самую устойчивую конфигурацию льда Ih. Естественные процессы трансформации идут очень медленно и лёд XI был найден во льду Антарктиды с возрастом от 100 до 10 000 лет. Судя по проведённым там исследованиям, температура образования льда Ih из льда XI составляет всего −36 °C, что намного выше тройной точки для льда XI, льда Ih и пара. Плотность льда XI при атмосферном давлении 0,92 г/см³. Обычный водный лёд относится по номенклатуре Бриджмена ко льду Ih. В лабораторных условиях (при разных температурах и давлениях) были созданы разные модификации льда: от льда II до льда XIX. (ru)
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  • Gelo XI é uma forma cristalina hexagonal do gelo. Pode ser formado a partir de uma solução diluída do hidróxido de potássio (KOH) de concentração 10 mM mantida a temperaturas logo abaixo de 72 K por cerca de uma semana.. É possível que se forme no espaço e traga implicações na formação de planetas. (pt)
  • Lód XI – rombowa odmiana lodu, stabilna pod ciśnieniem niższym od ok. 200 MPa i w bardzo niskiej temperaturze (poniżej -201 °C). (pl)
  • Ice XI is the hydrogen-ordered form of Ih, the ordinary form of ice. Different phases of ice, from ice II to ice XVIII, have been created in the laboratory at different temperatures and pressures. The total internal energy of ice XI is about one sixth lower than ice Ih, so in principle it should naturally form when ice Ih is cooled to below 72 K. The low temperature required to achieve this transition is correlated with the relatively low energy difference between the two structures. Water molecules in ice Ih are surrounded by four semi-randomly directed hydrogen bonds. Such arrangements should change to the more ordered arrangement of hydrogen bonds found in ice XI at low temperatures, so long as localized proton hopping is sufficiently enabled; a process that becomes easier with increasi (en)
  • Лёд XI — ромбическая низкотемпературная равновесная форма гексагонального льда Ih с упорядоченным расположением протонов. Является сегнетоэлектриком. Считается, что лёд XI представляет собой самую устойчивую конфигурацию льда Ih. Естественные процессы трансформации идут очень медленно и лёд XI был найден во льду Антарктиды с возрастом от 100 до 10 000 лет. Судя по проведённым там исследованиям, температура образования льда Ih из льда XI составляет всего −36 °C, что намного выше тройной точки для льда XI, льда Ih и пара. Плотность льда XI при атмосферном давлении 0,92 г/см³. (ru)
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  • Ice XI (en)
  • Lód XI (pl)
  • Gelo XI (pt)
  • Лёд XI (ru)
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