An Entity of Type: WikicatRadiationHealthEffects, from Named Graph: http://dbpedia.org, within Data Space: dbpedia.org

A material's half-value layer (HVL), or half-value thickness, is the thickness of the material at which the intensity of radiation entering it is reduced by one half. HVL can also be expressed in terms of air kerma rate (AKR), rather than intensity: the half-value layer is the thickness of specified material that, "attenuates the beam of radiation to an extent such that the AKR is reduced to one-half of its original value. In this definition the contribution of all scattered radiation, other than any [...] present initially in the beam concerned, is deemed to be excluded." Rather than AKR, measurements of air kerma, exposure, or exposure rate can be used to determine half value layer, as long as it is given in the description.

Property Value
dbo:abstract
  • Polotloušťka materiálu udává sílu materiálu, která sníží radiační zatížení na polovinu. Čím menší je polotloušťka, tím lépe daný materiál radiaci odstíní. Obecně nejlepší schopnost stínění radiace mají těžké prvky jako např. olovo. Polotloušťka téhož materiálu je různá pro různé druhy záření (alfa,beta,gama) a jeho energetického spektra. (cs)
  • Als Halbwertsschicht oder Halbwertsdicke bezeichnet man diejenige Dicke eines durchstrahlten Materials, bei der die Strahlung um die Hälfte reduziert ist. In der Praxis besonders relevant ist das bei elektromagnetischer Strahlung wie etwa Gamma- oder Röntgenstrahlung, die bei Durchgang durch Materie kontinuierlich geschwächt wird. Ist die Dicke des durchstrahlten Materials genau eine Halbwertdicke, so ist die Strahlungsintensität und damit insbesondere die Dosisleistung um die Hälfte reduziert. Die Halbwertsdicke hängt wie der Absorptionskoeffizient von den spezifischen Eigenschaften des Materials und der Photonen­energie der auftreffenden Strahlung ab. Die Halbwertsdicke kann nur zur überschlägigen Dimensionierung einfacher Abschirmungen dienen, da vielfältige physikalische Effekte (zum Beispiel Dosisaufbau, Streuung, Skyshine-Effekte) unberücksichtigt bleiben. Genaue Ergebnisse erfordern zum Beispiel Monte-Carlo-Simulationen oder Transportrechnungen (numerische Berechnungen auf der Grundlage der Boltzmannschen Transportgleichung). Der Begriff Zehntelwertsdicke ist analog zu betrachten: das Durchlaufen dieser Dicke senkt die Intensität auf ein Zehntel des ursprünglichen Werts. (de)
  • A material's half-value layer (HVL), or half-value thickness, is the thickness of the material at which the intensity of radiation entering it is reduced by one half. HVL can also be expressed in terms of air kerma rate (AKR), rather than intensity: the half-value layer is the thickness of specified material that, "attenuates the beam of radiation to an extent such that the AKR is reduced to one-half of its original value. In this definition the contribution of all scattered radiation, other than any [...] present initially in the beam concerned, is deemed to be excluded." Rather than AKR, measurements of air kerma, exposure, or exposure rate can be used to determine half value layer, as long as it is given in the description. Half-value layer refers to the first half-value layer, where subsequent (i.e. second) half-value layers refer to the amount of specified material that will reduce the air kerma rate by one-half after material has been inserted into the beam that is equal to the sum of all previous half-value layers. Quarter-value layer is the amount of specified material that reduces the air kerma rate (or exposure rate, exposure, air kerma, etc...) to one fourth of the value obtained without any test filters. The quarter-value layer is equal to the sum of the first and second half-value layers. The homogeneity factor (HF) describes the polychromatic nature of the beam and is given by: The HF for a narrow beam will always be less than or equal to one (it is only equal to one in the case of a monoenergetic beam). In case of a narrow polychromatic beam, the HF is less than one because of beam hardening. HVL is related to Mean free path, however the mean free path is the average distance a unit of radiation can travel in the material before being absorbed, whereas HVL is the average amount of material needed to absorb 50% of all radiation (i.e., to reduce the intensity of the incident radiation by half). In the case of sound waves, HVL is the distance that it takes for the intensity of a sound wave to be reduced to one-half of its original value. The HVL of sound waves is determined by both the medium through which it travels, and the frequency of the beam. A "thin" half-value layer (or a quick drop of -3 dB) results from a high frequency sound wave and a medium with a high rate of attenuation, such as bone. HVL is measured in units of length. A similar concept is the tenth-value layer or TVL. The TVL is the average amount of material needed to absorb 90% of all radiation, i.e., to reduce it to a tenth of the original intensity. 1 TVL is greater than or equal to log2(10) or approximately 3.32 HVLs, with equality achieved for a monoenergetic beam. Here are example approximate half-value layers for a variety of materials against a source of gamma rays (Iridium-192): * Concrete: 44.5 mm * Steel: 12.7 mm * Lead: 4.8 mm * Tungsten: 3.3 mm * Uranium: 2.8 mm (en)
  • La couche de demi-atténuation (CDA) est une notion utilisée en radioprotection. Pour le cas d'une radiation traversant une substance ou un matériau donné, il s'agit de l'épaisseur nécessaire pour réduire de moitié la dose de radiation. La norme française NF C74-100 la définit comme l'« épaisseur d'une substance qui, par sa présence, provoque une atténuation physique de 50 % dans des conditions de bonne géométrie. » La CDA d'un matériau dépend de sa nature, de la nature du rayonnement ionisant (photon, particule bêta, neutron, etc.) et de son énergie, en particulier pour les rayonnements électromagnétiques (rayons X et rayons gamma). Vu que le spectre d'énergie de la radiation résiduel dépend de l'épaisseur traversée, la couche de demi-atténuation ne peut en toute rigueur être définie que pour des rayonnements monochromatiques. L'épaisseur de la couche de demi-atténuation est calculée selon la formule : , où est le coefficient linéique d'atténuation du matériau que l'on retrouve dans la Loi de Beer-Lambert. Voici quelques valeurs approximatives d'épaisseurs de demi-atténuation pour quelques matériaux face à une source de rayons gamma (Iridium-192) : * Béton: 44.5 mm * Acier: 12.7 mm * Plomb: 4.8 mm * Tungstène: 3.3 mm * Uranium: 2.8 mm (fr)
  • Per strato emivalente o spessore emivalente o SEV (HVL in inglese) si definisce uno spessore di un dato materiale in grado di ridurre della metà l'intensità di una radiazione del suo valore originario. Spesso il valore dello strato emivalente è usato per indicare la qualità (ovvero la sua capacità penetrativa) di una data radiazione. (it)
  • Halveringsdikte is de maat voor doordringend vermogen van gamma (γ)- en röntgenstraling. De maat geeft aan hoe diep nog de helft van de straling doordringt. (nl)
  • A (CSR) é a espessura necessária de um material absorvedor que, uma vez colocado sob um feixe de Raios-X ou Raios Gama, reduz a sua intensidade para a metade da intensidade inicial . A também pode ser expressa em termos de taxa de kerma no ar, em vez de intensidade: a CSR é a espessura do material especificado que "atenua o feixe de radiação de tal forma que o kerma no ar é reduzido para metade do seu valor original. [...] Nesta definição, considera-se excluída a contribuição de qualquer radiação espalhada que não estava presente inicialmente no feixe considerado." (pt)
dbo:wikiPageID
  • 6261834 (xsd:integer)
dbo:wikiPageLength
  • 4275 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
dbo:wikiPageRevisionID
  • 1024670144 (xsd:integer)
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate
dcterms:subject
rdf:type
rdfs:comment
  • Polotloušťka materiálu udává sílu materiálu, která sníží radiační zatížení na polovinu. Čím menší je polotloušťka, tím lépe daný materiál radiaci odstíní. Obecně nejlepší schopnost stínění radiace mají těžké prvky jako např. olovo. Polotloušťka téhož materiálu je různá pro různé druhy záření (alfa,beta,gama) a jeho energetického spektra. (cs)
  • Per strato emivalente o spessore emivalente o SEV (HVL in inglese) si definisce uno spessore di un dato materiale in grado di ridurre della metà l'intensità di una radiazione del suo valore originario. Spesso il valore dello strato emivalente è usato per indicare la qualità (ovvero la sua capacità penetrativa) di una data radiazione. (it)
  • Halveringsdikte is de maat voor doordringend vermogen van gamma (γ)- en röntgenstraling. De maat geeft aan hoe diep nog de helft van de straling doordringt. (nl)
  • A (CSR) é a espessura necessária de um material absorvedor que, uma vez colocado sob um feixe de Raios-X ou Raios Gama, reduz a sua intensidade para a metade da intensidade inicial . A também pode ser expressa em termos de taxa de kerma no ar, em vez de intensidade: a CSR é a espessura do material especificado que "atenua o feixe de radiação de tal forma que o kerma no ar é reduzido para metade do seu valor original. [...] Nesta definição, considera-se excluída a contribuição de qualquer radiação espalhada que não estava presente inicialmente no feixe considerado." (pt)
  • Als Halbwertsschicht oder Halbwertsdicke bezeichnet man diejenige Dicke eines durchstrahlten Materials, bei der die Strahlung um die Hälfte reduziert ist. In der Praxis besonders relevant ist das bei elektromagnetischer Strahlung wie etwa Gamma- oder Röntgenstrahlung, die bei Durchgang durch Materie kontinuierlich geschwächt wird. Ist die Dicke des durchstrahlten Materials genau eine Halbwertdicke, so ist die Strahlungsintensität und damit insbesondere die Dosisleistung um die Hälfte reduziert. Die Halbwertsdicke hängt wie der Absorptionskoeffizient von den spezifischen Eigenschaften des Materials und der Photonen­energie der auftreffenden Strahlung ab. (de)
  • A material's half-value layer (HVL), or half-value thickness, is the thickness of the material at which the intensity of radiation entering it is reduced by one half. HVL can also be expressed in terms of air kerma rate (AKR), rather than intensity: the half-value layer is the thickness of specified material that, "attenuates the beam of radiation to an extent such that the AKR is reduced to one-half of its original value. In this definition the contribution of all scattered radiation, other than any [...] present initially in the beam concerned, is deemed to be excluded." Rather than AKR, measurements of air kerma, exposure, or exposure rate can be used to determine half value layer, as long as it is given in the description. (en)
  • La couche de demi-atténuation (CDA) est une notion utilisée en radioprotection. Pour le cas d'une radiation traversant une substance ou un matériau donné, il s'agit de l'épaisseur nécessaire pour réduire de moitié la dose de radiation. La norme française NF C74-100 la définit comme l'« épaisseur d'une substance qui, par sa présence, provoque une atténuation physique de 50 % dans des conditions de bonne géométrie. » Voici quelques valeurs approximatives d'épaisseurs de demi-atténuation pour quelques matériaux face à une source de rayons gamma (Iridium-192) : (fr)
rdfs:label
  • Polotloušťka materiálu (cs)
  • Halbwertsschicht (de)
  • Half-value layer (en)
  • Couche de demi-atténuation (fr)
  • Strato emivalente (it)
  • Halveringsdikte (nl)
  • Camada semirredutora (pt)
owl:sameAs
prov:wasDerivedFrom
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf
is dbo:wikiPageDisambiguates of
is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of
is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of
is foaf:primaryTopic of
Powered by OpenLink Virtuoso    This material is Open Knowledge     W3C Semantic Web Technology     This material is Open Knowledge    Valid XHTML + RDFa
This content was extracted from Wikipedia and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License