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George Robert Carruthers (October 1, 1939 – December 26, 2020) was an African American inventor, physicist, engineer and space scientist. Carruthers perfected a compact and very powerful ultraviolet camera/spectrograph for NASA to use when it launched Apollo 16 in 1972. He designed it so astronauts could use it on the lunar surface, making all adjustments inside their bulky space suits. Upon instructions from Carruthers, they used the camera to record the Earth's outermost atmosphere, noting its variations, and also mapped portions of the far-ultraviolet sky recording stars and galaxies, and the gaseous media between them. In 1970, sending his instruments aboard Aerobee sounding rockets, he had demonstrated that molecular hydrogen exists in the interstellar medium. Among numerous citations

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  • جورج روبرت كاروثرز (بالإنجليزية: George Robert Carruthers)‏ (المولود في 1 أكتوبر 1939) مخترع، وفيزيائي، ومهندس، وعالم فضاء أمريكي. اخترع كاروثرز كاميرا الأشعة فوق البنفسجية (المطياف البصري) لصالح ناسا حتى تستخدمه عند إطلاق أبولو 16 عام 1972، كما أثبتت أعماله وجود الهيدروجين الجزيئي في الوسط بين النجمي. في عام 2003، أدخل كاروثرز إلى قاعة مشاهير المخترعين الوطنيين. حصل على درجة الدكتوراه الفخرية للهندسة من جامعة ميشيغان التقنية. (ar)
  • George Robert Carruthers (* 1. Oktober 1939 in Cincinnati, Ohio; † 26. Dezember 2020 in Washington, D.C.) war ein US-amerikanischer Physiker afroamerikanischer Ethnizität, der in den 1960er Jahren ein Pionier der Ultraviolett-Spektroskopie in Astronomie und Raumfahrt war. Carruthers Vater war Bauingenieur beim US-Army Air Corps und ermunterte die naturwissenschaftliche Begabung seines Sohnes, der mit zehn Jahren sein erstes Teleskop baute. Mit zwölf Jahren verlor er seinen Vater und seine Mutter zog mit ihm nach Chicago. Carruthers studierte ab 1957 Physik und schließlich Flugzeug- und Raumfahrtingenieurwesen und promovierte 1964 an der University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Zuvor erhielt er dort 1961 seinen Bachelor-Abschluss in Physik und 1962 seinen Master-Abschluss in Kerntechnik. Als Post-Doktorand war er am US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Washington D.C. und wurde dort 1966 fest angestellt und forschte am E. O. Hurlburt Center for Space Research des NRL. Er entwickelte ein UV-Teleskop und UV-Spektrographen, der im April 1972 auf der Apollo 16 Mission auf dem Mond verwendet wurde und auch dort verblieb. Dieser untersuchte die Erdatmosphäre (Beobachtung von Polarlichtern und anderen Phänomenen in der Ionosphäre, von der Erdoberfläche aus gesehen wird dagegen die meiste UV-Strahlung absorbiert) und über 550 Sterne, Nebel und Galaxien (rund 200 UV-Photos). Eine zweite baugleiche Kamera wurde auf dem letzten Skylab-Flug 1973 benutzt zur Beobachtung des Kometen Kohoutek. Ab 1982 leitete er die Abteilung UV (Ultraviolette Strahlung) beim NRL. In den 1980er Jahren wurde sein Kamera für die Untersuchung des Halley-Kometen benutzt und 1991 baute er eine Kamera für eine Space-Shuttle Mission. Später gab er Kurse für Lehrer in Raumfahrtwissenschaft in Washington D.C. und lehrte ab 2002 an der Howard University. Er erhielt den Exceptional Scientific Achievement Award der NASA, 2011 die National Medal of Technology und er wurde in die National Inventors Hall of Fame aufgenommen. (de)
  • George Robert Carruthers (October 1, 1939 – December 26, 2020) was an African American inventor, physicist, engineer and space scientist. Carruthers perfected a compact and very powerful ultraviolet camera/spectrograph for NASA to use when it launched Apollo 16 in 1972. He designed it so astronauts could use it on the lunar surface, making all adjustments inside their bulky space suits. Upon instructions from Carruthers, they used the camera to record the Earth's outermost atmosphere, noting its variations, and also mapped portions of the far-ultraviolet sky recording stars and galaxies, and the gaseous media between them. In 1970, sending his instruments aboard Aerobee sounding rockets, he had demonstrated that molecular hydrogen exists in the interstellar medium. Among numerous citations and awards, in 2003, Carruthers was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame, and he received an honorary doctorate for Engineering from Michigan Technological University. He also was awarded the 2011 National Medal for Technology and Invention from President Barack Obama, "For invention of the Far UV Electrographic Camera, which significantly improved our understanding of space and earth science." (en)
  • George Robert Carruthers, né le 1er octobre 1939 et mort le 26 décembre 2020, est un inventeur, physicien et scientifique spatial afro-américain. Il a vécu surtout à Washington, DC. (fr)
  • George Carruthers (Cincinnati, 1º ottobre 1939 – 26 dicembre 2020) è stato un fisico e ingegnere statunitense, attivo nel campo delle scienze dello spazio. (it)
  • George Robert Carruthers (Cincinnati, 1 de outubro de 1939 - Washington, D.C., 26 de dezembro de 2020) foi um físico e cientista espacial estadunidense de ascendência africana. George Robert Carruthers nasceu em Cincinnati e cresceu em , Chicago. Seu pai foi um engenheiro civil e sua mãe dona de casa. A família estava estabelecida em Milford (Ohio) até a morte súbita de seu pai, tendo então sua mãe retornado a Chicago. Carruthers morreu de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva em 26 de dezembro de 2020 em Washington DC (pt)
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  • 1939-10-01 (xsd:date)
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  • 2020-12-26 (xsd:date)
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  • 1939-10-01 (xsd:date)
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  • George Carruthers, center, discusses the Lunar Surface Ultraviolet Camera with Apollo 16 Commander John Young, right. From left are Lunar Module Pilot Charles Duke and Rocco Petrone, Apollo Program Director. (en)
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  • January 2018 (en)
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  • 2020-12-26 (xsd:date)
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  • Invention of the ultraviolet camera/spectrograph (en)
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  • George Robert Carruthers (en)
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dbp:prizes
  • National Medal of Technology and Innovation, 2011; Arthur S. Flemming Award , 1970 (en)
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  • Experimental investigations of atomic nitrogen recombination (en)
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  • 1964 (xsd:integer)
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  • جورج روبرت كاروثرز (بالإنجليزية: George Robert Carruthers)‏ (المولود في 1 أكتوبر 1939) مخترع، وفيزيائي، ومهندس، وعالم فضاء أمريكي. اخترع كاروثرز كاميرا الأشعة فوق البنفسجية (المطياف البصري) لصالح ناسا حتى تستخدمه عند إطلاق أبولو 16 عام 1972، كما أثبتت أعماله وجود الهيدروجين الجزيئي في الوسط بين النجمي. في عام 2003، أدخل كاروثرز إلى قاعة مشاهير المخترعين الوطنيين. حصل على درجة الدكتوراه الفخرية للهندسة من جامعة ميشيغان التقنية. (ar)
  • George Robert Carruthers, né le 1er octobre 1939 et mort le 26 décembre 2020, est un inventeur, physicien et scientifique spatial afro-américain. Il a vécu surtout à Washington, DC. (fr)
  • George Carruthers (Cincinnati, 1º ottobre 1939 – 26 dicembre 2020) è stato un fisico e ingegnere statunitense, attivo nel campo delle scienze dello spazio. (it)
  • George Robert Carruthers (Cincinnati, 1 de outubro de 1939 - Washington, D.C., 26 de dezembro de 2020) foi um físico e cientista espacial estadunidense de ascendência africana. George Robert Carruthers nasceu em Cincinnati e cresceu em , Chicago. Seu pai foi um engenheiro civil e sua mãe dona de casa. A família estava estabelecida em Milford (Ohio) até a morte súbita de seu pai, tendo então sua mãe retornado a Chicago. Carruthers morreu de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva em 26 de dezembro de 2020 em Washington DC (pt)
  • George Robert Carruthers (* 1. Oktober 1939 in Cincinnati, Ohio; † 26. Dezember 2020 in Washington, D.C.) war ein US-amerikanischer Physiker afroamerikanischer Ethnizität, der in den 1960er Jahren ein Pionier der Ultraviolett-Spektroskopie in Astronomie und Raumfahrt war. Er erhielt den Exceptional Scientific Achievement Award der NASA, 2011 die National Medal of Technology und er wurde in die National Inventors Hall of Fame aufgenommen. (de)
  • George Robert Carruthers (October 1, 1939 – December 26, 2020) was an African American inventor, physicist, engineer and space scientist. Carruthers perfected a compact and very powerful ultraviolet camera/spectrograph for NASA to use when it launched Apollo 16 in 1972. He designed it so astronauts could use it on the lunar surface, making all adjustments inside their bulky space suits. Upon instructions from Carruthers, they used the camera to record the Earth's outermost atmosphere, noting its variations, and also mapped portions of the far-ultraviolet sky recording stars and galaxies, and the gaseous media between them. In 1970, sending his instruments aboard Aerobee sounding rockets, he had demonstrated that molecular hydrogen exists in the interstellar medium. Among numerous citations (en)
rdfs:label
  • جورج روبرت كاروثرز (ar)
  • George Carruthers (de)
  • George Robert Carruthers (en)
  • George Robert Carruthers (fr)
  • George Carruthers (it)
  • George Robert Carruthers (pt)
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  • George Robert Carruthers (en)
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