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Gaston Fessard (1897–1978) was a French Jesuit and theologian. Father Fessard was the author of the first issue of Cahiers du Témoignage chrétien in November 1941, titled "France, Beware the Loss of Your Soul," which opposed Nazism in the name of Christian values. He also argued against the obligation to obey the Vichy government, elaborating his theory of the "slave prince," borrowed from Clausewitz: it is useful to obey the prince while he is sovereign and acts in the common interest, but resistance becomes necessary when the sovereignty of the slave-prince is limited and actions are dictated by the occupier. For this reason, the historian Roland Hureaux saw Fessard as "the theoretician of Gaullism" because of the importance that he accorded to the legitimacy of political power.

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  • Gaston Fessard (1897–1978) was a French Jesuit and theologian. Father Fessard was the author of the first issue of Cahiers du Témoignage chrétien in November 1941, titled "France, Beware the Loss of Your Soul," which opposed Nazism in the name of Christian values. He also argued against the obligation to obey the Vichy government, elaborating his theory of the "slave prince," borrowed from Clausewitz: it is useful to obey the prince while he is sovereign and acts in the common interest, but resistance becomes necessary when the sovereignty of the slave-prince is limited and actions are dictated by the occupier. For this reason, the historian Roland Hureaux saw Fessard as "the theoretician of Gaullism" because of the importance that he accorded to the legitimacy of political power. His rigorous analyses, his attention to engagement with the contemporary world—in the light of his Catholic faith—gave Fessard an exceptionally clear view of the future (for example, temporality and original sin) in political philosophy (he foresaw the failure of both Nazism and Communism). His approach is characteristically dialectical, drawing, for example, on the Master-Slave dialectic (inspired by Hegel) or the Man-Woman and Pagan-Jew dialectics. Over the course of the twentieth century, Gaston Fessard was a noted analyst of important global political phenomena, the equal of Raymond Aron; the two were friends for almost half a century, and Fessard even baptized Aron's daughter. At a lecture in Rome, Aron said of Father Fessard: "If one recalls the series of positions he has taken, it is difficult not to admire his courage and his foresight." Social ethics has an important place in Fessard's thought, but the essential focus is on history and historicity. * v * t * e (en)
  • Gaston Fessard, né le 28 janvier 1897 à Elbeuf, en Seine-Maritime et mort le 18 juin 1978 à Porto-Vecchio (Corse), est un prêtre jésuite français, résistant, philosophe et théologien. (fr)
  • Gaston Fessard (Elbeuf, 29 gennaio 1897 – Porto Vecchio, 18 giugno 1978) è stato un religioso e teologo francese gesuita. Fu uno dei primi a porre il problema di una lettura cristiana di Hegel nell'ambito della rinascenza hegeliana (iniziata a Parigi nel 1929 con l'opera di Jean Wahl e proseguita con le letture para-esistenzialistiche di Alexandre Koyré, Alexandre Kojève, Jean Hyppolite, Jean-Paul Sartre) e a elaborare la necessità di una resistenza spirituale al nazismo. Padre Fessard nel 1941 fu il redattore del primo numero dei Cahiers du Témoignage Chrétien, intitolato France, prends garde de perdre ton âme, che si opponeva al nazismo in nome dei valori cristiani. Questo impegno teoretico nei confronti del cristianesimo secolarizzato hegeliano e l'atteggiamento attivo contro il neopaganesimo lo conducono a riflettere sull'essenza della storicità, sulle figure concrete dell'attualità storica e sul mistero stesso della storia. Contestò l'obbligo di obbedire al Regime di Vichy elaborando la teoria del «principe schiavo» improntata a Carl von Clausewitz: conviene obbedire al principe quando resta sovrano e agisce nel nome del bene comune, ma la resistenza si impone al principe-schiavo la sovranità del quale è limitata e l'azione diretta dall'occupante. A questo titolo, lo storico Roland Hureaux vede in Fessard il «teorico del gollismo» per l'importanza che egli accorda alla legittimità del potere politico. Gaston Fessard fu, nel corso del Novecento, un analista dei grandi fenomeni politici mondiali, al pari di un Raymond Aron, di cui fu amico per più di mezzo secolo. L'etica sociale ha un grande ruolo dentro il suo pensiero, ma l'asse essenziale rimane il rapporto dell'uomo alla storia e alla storicità. (it)
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  • Gaston Fessard, né le 28 janvier 1897 à Elbeuf, en Seine-Maritime et mort le 18 juin 1978 à Porto-Vecchio (Corse), est un prêtre jésuite français, résistant, philosophe et théologien. (fr)
  • Gaston Fessard (1897–1978) was a French Jesuit and theologian. Father Fessard was the author of the first issue of Cahiers du Témoignage chrétien in November 1941, titled "France, Beware the Loss of Your Soul," which opposed Nazism in the name of Christian values. He also argued against the obligation to obey the Vichy government, elaborating his theory of the "slave prince," borrowed from Clausewitz: it is useful to obey the prince while he is sovereign and acts in the common interest, but resistance becomes necessary when the sovereignty of the slave-prince is limited and actions are dictated by the occupier. For this reason, the historian Roland Hureaux saw Fessard as "the theoretician of Gaullism" because of the importance that he accorded to the legitimacy of political power. (en)
  • Gaston Fessard (Elbeuf, 29 gennaio 1897 – Porto Vecchio, 18 giugno 1978) è stato un religioso e teologo francese gesuita. Fu uno dei primi a porre il problema di una lettura cristiana di Hegel nell'ambito della rinascenza hegeliana (iniziata a Parigi nel 1929 con l'opera di Jean Wahl e proseguita con le letture para-esistenzialistiche di Alexandre Koyré, Alexandre Kojève, Jean Hyppolite, Jean-Paul Sartre) e a elaborare la necessità di una resistenza spirituale al nazismo. (it)
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  • Gaston Fessard (fr)
  • Gaston Fessard (en)
  • Gaston Fessard (it)
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