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- Franz Freiherr von Uchatius (* 20. Oktober 1811 in Theresienfeld, Niederösterreich; † 4. Juni 1881 in Wien) war ein österreichischer Feldmarschallleutnant, Artillerieexperte und gilt als einer der genialsten Konstrukteure und Erfinder im Bereich der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Artillerie. (de)
- Franz von Uchatius (1811–1881) was an Austrian artillery general and inventor. His inventions included both military applications and pioneer work in cinematography. He invented a motion picture projector in 1853, developing it over the years from 1845 from the device then called stroboscope (Simon von Stampfer) and phenakistiscope (Joseph Plateau). This was the first example of , demonstrated in 1853; it is also described as the combination of the zoetrope with the magic lantern. It was called the kinetoscope, a term later used by Thomas Edison (see kinetoscope). He applied it to lecture on ballistics. He worked also on a smokeless powder, was produced industrially, by mixing granulated pig iron with iron oxide. His balloons, were the earliest recorded use of an unmanned aerial vehicle for warfighting occurred on July 1849, serving as a balloon carrier (the precursor to the aircraft carrier) in the first offensive use of air power in naval aviation. Austrian forces besieging Venice attempted to float some 200 incendiary balloons, each carrying a 24- to 30-pound bomb that was to be dropped from the balloon with a time fuse over the besieged city. The balloons were launched mainly from land; however, some were also launched from the Austrian ship SMS Vulcano. The Austrians used smaller pilot balloons to determine the correct fuse settings. At least one bomb fell in the city; however, due to the wind changing after launch, most of the balloons missed their target, and some drifted back over Austrian lines and the launching ship Vulcano. The method of strengthening bronze guns by mandrelling, or cold working them from inside with plugs of hardened steel (now known as autofrettage) was invented and patented in 1869 by Samuel B. Dean of the South Boston Iron Company, but it found no use on the American continent. At the time most European countries were adopting steel guns, and Austrian artillery officers also vouched for adopting foreign Krupp guns in 1873, however Austro-Hungary had no steel industry at the time, so Uchatius copied Dean's technology without a license around 1874, and his superiors decided to adopt the inferior mandrelled bronze artillery, which Uchatius marketed as "steel bronze", in order not to depend on foreign steel. They directed large investments into the state arsenal directed by Uchatius to start the production, but the result turned out to be an utter failure: more expensive, heavier and less durable than steel. Despite state propaganda trumping the success of the "indigenous" technology, the empire still had to buy heavy artillery from Krupp, and humiliated general committed suicide in 1881; however the country stuck to the technology until the WWI, and therefore Austrian artillery was inferior even as late as that. As a side note, Spain also adopted "steel bronze" for the same reasons alongside the Krupp guns, but withdrew them after the introduction of the smokeless powder. (en)
- Franz von Uchatius était un inventeur autrichien né le 20 octobre 1811 et décédé le 4 juin 1881. Il est l'inventeur du kinesticope, un des ancêtres du cinéma. (fr)
- Franz von Uchatius (ur. 20 października 1811 w Theresienfeld, zm. 4 czerwca 1881 w Wiedniu) – marszałek polny porucznik cesarskiej i królewskiej Armii, wynalazca, który za swoje odkrycia otrzymał tytuł barona. (pl)
- Franz von Uchatius, född den 20 oktober 1811 i Theresienfeld, Nederösterrike, död den 4 juni 1881 i Wien (genom självmord), var en österrikisk friherre, militär och artilleritekniker. von Uchatius deltog i 1848–1849 års krig i Italien och i Ungern. Han blev 1860 major och föreståndare för kanongjuteriet och 1871 kommendant för artilleriverkstäderna i arsenalen i Wien samt avancerade i denna befattning till fältmarskalklöjtnant (1879). von Uchatius var skapare av den första österrikiska artillerimaterialen med bakladdning. Han gjorde sig ett namn genom sin redan 1856 praktiserade metod att bereda gjutstål genom smältning i degel av granulerat tackjärn, skrot och stångjärnsbitar, så kallat uchatiusstål, och genom sin uppfinning av stålbronsen, vari Österrike-Ungern fick en kanonmetall, som på sin tid var jämförlig med Krupps kanonstål. (sv)
- Franz von Uchatius (1811-1881) foi um general de artilharia e inventor austríaco. Dentre suas invenções, destacam-se aquelas para aplicações militares, também foi pioneiro na cinematografia. Ele inventou um projetor de imagem em movimento no ano de 1853, desenvolvido desde 1845 a partir do estroboscópio (criado por Simon von Stampfer) e do fenacistoscópio de Joseph Plateau. Este foi o primeiro exemplo de animação projetada, a ser demonstrada, em 1853; este dispositivo também é descrito como a combinação de zootropo com a lanterna mágica. Ele foi chamado cinetoscópio, um termo usado posteriormente por Thomas Edison (ver cinetoscópio). Para o desenvolvimento deste dispositivo ele valeu-se de seus conhecimentos em balística. Ele trabalhou também em um pó sem fumaça, melhorando canhões e ligas (seu aço de bronze foi um cobre-estanho liga), e um balão-bomba, usado em 1849 contra Veneza, enviado a partir de um navio. O aço de Uchatius foi produzido industrialmente pela mistura de granulado de ferro com óxido de ferro. (pt)
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- Franz Freiherr von Uchatius (* 20. Oktober 1811 in Theresienfeld, Niederösterreich; † 4. Juni 1881 in Wien) war ein österreichischer Feldmarschallleutnant, Artillerieexperte und gilt als einer der genialsten Konstrukteure und Erfinder im Bereich der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Artillerie. (de)
- Franz von Uchatius était un inventeur autrichien né le 20 octobre 1811 et décédé le 4 juin 1881. Il est l'inventeur du kinesticope, un des ancêtres du cinéma. (fr)
- Franz von Uchatius (ur. 20 października 1811 w Theresienfeld, zm. 4 czerwca 1881 w Wiedniu) – marszałek polny porucznik cesarskiej i królewskiej Armii, wynalazca, który za swoje odkrycia otrzymał tytuł barona. (pl)
- Franz von Uchatius (1811–1881) was an Austrian artillery general and inventor. His inventions included both military applications and pioneer work in cinematography. He invented a motion picture projector in 1853, developing it over the years from 1845 from the device then called stroboscope (Simon von Stampfer) and phenakistiscope (Joseph Plateau). This was the first example of , demonstrated in 1853; it is also described as the combination of the zoetrope with the magic lantern. It was called the kinetoscope, a term later used by Thomas Edison (see kinetoscope). He applied it to lecture on ballistics. (en)
- Franz von Uchatius (1811-1881) foi um general de artilharia e inventor austríaco. Dentre suas invenções, destacam-se aquelas para aplicações militares, também foi pioneiro na cinematografia. Ele inventou um projetor de imagem em movimento no ano de 1853, desenvolvido desde 1845 a partir do estroboscópio (criado por Simon von Stampfer) e do fenacistoscópio de Joseph Plateau. Este foi o primeiro exemplo de animação projetada, a ser demonstrada, em 1853; este dispositivo também é descrito como a combinação de zootropo com a lanterna mágica. Ele foi chamado cinetoscópio, um termo usado posteriormente por Thomas Edison (ver cinetoscópio). Para o desenvolvimento deste dispositivo ele valeu-se de seus conhecimentos em balística. (pt)
- Franz von Uchatius, född den 20 oktober 1811 i Theresienfeld, Nederösterrike, död den 4 juni 1881 i Wien (genom självmord), var en österrikisk friherre, militär och artilleritekniker. von Uchatius deltog i 1848–1849 års krig i Italien och i Ungern. Han blev 1860 major och föreståndare för kanongjuteriet och 1871 kommendant för artilleriverkstäderna i arsenalen i Wien samt avancerade i denna befattning till fältmarskalklöjtnant (1879). von Uchatius var skapare av den första österrikiska artillerimaterialen med bakladdning. Han gjorde sig ett namn genom sin redan 1856 praktiserade metod att bereda gjutstål genom smältning i degel av granulerat tackjärn, skrot och stångjärnsbitar, så kallat uchatiusstål, och genom sin uppfinning av stålbronsen, vari Österrike-Ungern fick en kanonmetall, som p (sv)
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