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- The Edinburgh Agreement or Edinburgh Decision is a December 1992 agreement reached at a European Council meeting in Edinburgh, Scotland, that granted Denmark four exceptions to the Maastricht Treaty so that it could be ratified by Denmark. This was necessary because, without all member states of the European Union ratifying it, it could not come into effect. Denmark had first rejected the Maastricht treaty, but with the addition of the Edinburgh Agreement, ratified the treaty in a 1993 referendum. The member states that had already ratified the Maastricht Treaty did not have to do so again. Denmark obtained four opt-outs from the Maastricht Treaty following the treaty's initial rejection in a 1992 referendum. The opt-outs are outlined in the Edinburgh Agreement and concern the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) and the citizenship of the European Union. With these opt-outs the Danish people accepted the treaty in a second referendum held in 1993. On 1 June 2022, Denmark abolished its opt-out from the CSDP. The EMU opt-out means Denmark is not obliged to participate in the third phase of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism, i.e. to replace the Danish krone with the euro. The abolition of the euro opt-out was put to a referendum in 2000 and was rejected. The opt-out from the CSDP, also known as the "defence opt-out", originally meant Denmark would not be obliged to join the Western European Union (which originally handled the defence tasks of the EU). The abolition of the defence opt-out was put to a referendum on 1 June 2022, where Denmark voted to abolish it. Until 1 June 2022, the defence opt-out meant that Denmark did not participate in the European Union's foreign policy where defence is concerned. Denmark did not take part in decisions nor act in that area. It did not contribute troops to missions conducted under the auspices of the European Union, and did not participate in the European Defence Agency. The JHA opt-out exempts Denmark from certain areas of home affairs. Significant parts of these areas were transferred from the third European Union pillar to the first under the Amsterdam Treaty; Denmark's opt-outs from these areas were kept valid through additional protocols, so they now have an opt-out from the Area of freedom, security and justice. Acts made under those powers are not binding on Denmark except for those relating to Schengen, which are instead conducted on an intergovernmental basis with Denmark. Under the Treaty of Lisbon, Denmark can change its JHA opt-out from a complete opt-out to the case-by-case opt-in version applying to Ireland whenever it wishes. The citizenship opt-out stated that European citizenship did not replace national citizenship; this opt-out was rendered meaningless when the Amsterdam Treaty adopted the same wording for all members. The four exceptions granted to Denmark are as follows: (en)
- L’accord d'Édimbourg est un accord du Conseil européen, signé en décembre 1992, afin de donner au Danemark quatre options de retrait en vue de la ratification du traité de Maastricht à la suite du refus exprimé par la population danoise lors du référendum le concernant. (fr)
- L'Accordo di Edimburgo o Decisione di Edimburgo è un accordo raggiunto nella riunione del Consiglio europeo di Edimburgo del dicembre 1992, che ha garantito alla Danimarca quattro deroghe al Trattato di Maastricht in modo che questo potesse essere ratificato dalla Danimarca stessa. Quanto sopra si è reso necessario poiché, senza la ratifica di tutti gli stati membri dell'Unione europea, il trattato non poteva entrare in vigore. La Danimarca aveva già bocciato il Trattato di Maastricht con un referendum nel 1992, ma con l'aggiunta dell'Accordo di Edimburgo, lo ratificò mediante un nuovo referendum svoltosi nel 1993. Gli stati membri dell'UE che già avevano provveduto a ratificare il Trattato di Maastricht, non ebbero bisogno di ratificarlo nuovamente. Le quattro deroghe garantite alla Danimarca sono le seguenti: (it)
- Edinburghbeslutet är en internationell överenskommelse som ingicks av stats- eller regeringscheferna inom Europeiska gemenskaperna vid ett sammanträde i Europeiska rådet i Edinburgh, Storbritannien, den 12 december 1992. Beslutet syftade till att fastställa vissa bestämmelser avseende Danmarks förhållande till Europeiska unionen till följd av det danska folkets nej till Maastrichtfördraget i en folkomröstning den 2 juni 1992. Genom beslutet kunde fördraget godkännas av det danska folket i en andra folkomröstning den 18 maj 1993 och träda i kraft den 1 november 1993, utan att behöva omförhandlas mellan medlemsstaterna. Genom Edinburghbeslutet fastställdes fyra ”undantag” för Danmarks deltagande i Europeiska unionen i enlighet med Maastrichtfördragets bestämmelser: (1) Ett förtydligande gällande innebörden av unionsmedborgarskapet, (2) ett undantag från deltagande i eurosamarbetet, (3) ett undantag från försvarssamarbetet samt (4) ett undantag inom rättsliga och inrikes frågor. Edinburghbeslutet antogs som en internationell överenskommelse och utgör inte en del av unionsrätten. Beslutet är rättsligt bindande som internationell rätt för samtliga avtalsparter, men dess bestämmelser är endast tillämpliga på Danmark; beslutet påverkar inte Danmarks övriga åtaganden eller unionsrättens tillämplighet i övriga medlemsstater. Genom Amsterdamfördraget, som trädde i kraft den 1 maj 1999, införlivades undantagen gällande försvarssamarbete samt rättsliga och inrikes frågor i grundfördragen genom . Amsterdamfördraget inkluderade även samma förtydligande om unionsmedborgarskapets innebörd som Edinburghbeslutet, som därmed kom att i praktiken spela ut sin roll. Den 1 juli 2022 upphävdes undantaget gällande försvarssamarbete på den danska regeringens begäran efter att en folkomröstning hade hållits om avskaffandet av detta undantag. (sv)
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- L’accord d'Édimbourg est un accord du Conseil européen, signé en décembre 1992, afin de donner au Danemark quatre options de retrait en vue de la ratification du traité de Maastricht à la suite du refus exprimé par la population danoise lors du référendum le concernant. (fr)
- The Edinburgh Agreement or Edinburgh Decision is a December 1992 agreement reached at a European Council meeting in Edinburgh, Scotland, that granted Denmark four exceptions to the Maastricht Treaty so that it could be ratified by Denmark. This was necessary because, without all member states of the European Union ratifying it, it could not come into effect. Denmark had first rejected the Maastricht treaty, but with the addition of the Edinburgh Agreement, ratified the treaty in a 1993 referendum. The member states that had already ratified the Maastricht Treaty did not have to do so again. (en)
- L'Accordo di Edimburgo o Decisione di Edimburgo è un accordo raggiunto nella riunione del Consiglio europeo di Edimburgo del dicembre 1992, che ha garantito alla Danimarca quattro deroghe al Trattato di Maastricht in modo che questo potesse essere ratificato dalla Danimarca stessa. Quanto sopra si è reso necessario poiché, senza la ratifica di tutti gli stati membri dell'Unione europea, il trattato non poteva entrare in vigore. La Danimarca aveva già bocciato il Trattato di Maastricht con un referendum nel 1992, ma con l'aggiunta dell'Accordo di Edimburgo, lo ratificò mediante un nuovo referendum svoltosi nel 1993. Gli stati membri dell'UE che già avevano provveduto a ratificare il Trattato di Maastricht, non ebbero bisogno di ratificarlo nuovamente. (it)
- Edinburghbeslutet är en internationell överenskommelse som ingicks av stats- eller regeringscheferna inom Europeiska gemenskaperna vid ett sammanträde i Europeiska rådet i Edinburgh, Storbritannien, den 12 december 1992. Beslutet syftade till att fastställa vissa bestämmelser avseende Danmarks förhållande till Europeiska unionen till följd av det danska folkets nej till Maastrichtfördraget i en folkomröstning den 2 juni 1992. Genom beslutet kunde fördraget godkännas av det danska folket i en andra folkomröstning den 18 maj 1993 och träda i kraft den 1 november 1993, utan att behöva omförhandlas mellan medlemsstaterna. (sv)
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- Edinburgh Agreement (1992) (en)
- Accord d'Édimbourg (1992) (fr)
- Accordo di Edimburgo (it)
- Overeenkomst van Edinburgh (nl)
- Edinburghbeslutet (sv)
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