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Cum nimis absurdum was a papal bull issued by Pope Paul IV dated 14 July 1555. It takes its name from its first words: "Since it is absurd and utterly inconvenient that the Jews, who through their own fault were condemned by God to eternal slavery, can under the pretext that pious Christians must accept them and sustain their habitation, are so ungrateful to Christians, as, instead of thanks for gracious treatment, they return contumely, and among themselves, instead of the slavery, which they deserve, they manage to claim superiority: we, who newly learned that these very Jews have insolently invaded our City Rome and a number of the Papal States, territories and domains their impudence increased so much that they dare not only to live amongst the Christian people, but also in the vicinit

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  • Cum nimis absurdum je papežská bula, kterou vydal papež Pavel IV. 14. července 1555, a která zavádí protižidovské restrikce, jež se později rozšířily do celé Evropy. Její název tvoří, jak bývá u bul obvyklé, první slova latinského originálu (v překladu "Jelikož je absurdní a krajně nevhodné, že židé, kteří byli ze své vlastní viny Bohem zatraceni..."). Muži jsou nuceni nosit bílou nebo žlutou židovskou čapku, ženy žlutý šátek nebo znak. Židům se zakazuje vlastnit hmotný nemovitý majetek a vykonávat lékařské služby na křesťanech. Bula také zakládá římské židovské ghetto (ve čtvrti rione Sant'Angelo), jež bylo jedním z prvních židovských ghett vůbec. Šlo o uzavřenou čtvrť se třemi bránami, které se na noc zamykaly. Židům byla také povolena pouze jedna synagoga v jednom městě. Následující papež , Pius IV. prosadil zřízení dalších ghett ve většině italských měst, a jeho následovník, papež Pius V. je doporučil i do dalších sousedních států. Obavy z restrikcí měly za následek emigraci některých Židů z Církevního státu. (cs)
  • Cum nimis absurdum ist eine am 14. Juli 1555 von Papst Paul IV. promulgierte Päpstliche Bulle, die die Lebensbedingungen von Juden im Kirchenstaat regelte. Zu den wichtigsten konkreten Auswirkungen gehörte die Errichtung des römischen Ghettos. Vor diesen Einschränkungen flüchteten viele Juden aus dem Kirchenstaat in andere Staaten, wo vergleichbare Vorschriften noch nicht existierten. Wie alle päpstlichen Dokumente wird die Bulle nach dem Incipit, also nach den Anfangsworten zitiert: „Cum nimis absurdum et inconveniens existat, ut Iudaei, quos propria culpa perpetuae servituti submisit […]“ „Da es überaus unangebracht und unpassend ist, dass die Juden, die ihr eigenes Vergehen zu ewiger Knechtschaft verdammt hat […]“ (de)
  • Cum nimis absurdum (Ĉar estas treege absurde, latine), estas buleo promulgita la 14an de julio 1555 de papo Paŭlo la 4-a kiu per ĝi metis serion da rajtlimigoj al la judaj komunumoj ĉeestaj en la tiama Papa Ŝtato. Aparte, pro la rimarkinda riĉiĝo de multaj judoj praktikantaj la uzuron kaj pro la utiligo de kristana servistaro, la buleo altrudis, interalie, al la judaro montri sur vestoj, eksterhejme, flavan distingilon, malpermesis al ili posedi nemoveblaĵojn kaj, krome, al judaj medicinistoj kuraci kristanojn. La buleo famas precipe pro la fakto ke ĝi sankciis la establon de specife farita kvartalo, poste nomita Geto. Se la Geto de Romo ne estis la unua en la kristanaj landoj ĉar ĝi jam ekzistis en Venecio en kiu ĝi ankaŭ sian nomon (geto), certe ĝi fariĝis la modelo kaj instigo por aliaj eŭropaj urboj. La normoj promulgitaj de tiu buleo restis, en Romo, leĝnivele devigaj ĝis septembro 1870. (eo)
  • Cum nimis absurdum was a papal bull issued by Pope Paul IV dated 14 July 1555. It takes its name from its first words: "Since it is absurd and utterly inconvenient that the Jews, who through their own fault were condemned by God to eternal slavery, can under the pretext that pious Christians must accept them and sustain their habitation, are so ungrateful to Christians, as, instead of thanks for gracious treatment, they return contumely, and among themselves, instead of the slavery, which they deserve, they manage to claim superiority: we, who newly learned that these very Jews have insolently invaded our City Rome and a number of the Papal States, territories and domains their impudence increased so much that they dare not only to live amongst the Christian people, but also in the vicinity of the churches without any difference of dressing, and even that they rent houses in the main streets and squares, buy and hold immovable property, engage maids, nurses and other Christian servants, and commit other and numerous misdeeds with shame and contempt of the Christian name. Considering that the Church of Rome tolerates these very Jews evidence of the true Christian faith and to this end [we declare]: that they, won over by the piety and kindness of the See, should at long last recognize their erroneous ways, and should lose no time in seeing the true light of the catholic faith, and thus to agree that while they persist in their errors, realizing that they are slaves because of their deeds, whereas Christians have been freed through our Lord God Jesus Christ, and that it is iniquitous for it to appear that the sons of free women serve the sons of maids.“ The bull revoked all the rights of the Jewish community and placed religious and economic restrictions on Jews in the Papal States, renewed anti-Jewish legislation and subjected Jews to various degradations and restrictions on their personal freedom. The bull established the Roman Ghetto and required the Jews of Rome, who had existed as a community since before Christian times and numbered about 2,000 at the time, to live in it. The Ghetto was a walled quarter with three gates that were locked at night. Under the bull, Jewish males were required to wear a pointed yellow hat, and Jewish females a yellow kerchief. Jews were required to attend compulsory Catholic sermons on the Jewish shabbat. The bull also subjected Jews to various other restrictions such as a prohibition on property ownership and practising medicine among Christians. Jews were allowed to practice only unskilled jobs, as rag men, secondhand dealers or fish mongers. They could also be pawnbrokers. Paul IV's successor, Pope Pius V, enforced the creation of other ghettos in most Italian towns, and his successor, Pope Pius VI, recommended them to other bordering states. The Papal States ceased to exist on 20 September 1870 when they were incorporated in the Kingdom of Italy, but the requirement that Jews live in the ghetto was formally abolished by the Italian state only in 1882. (en)
  • Cum nimis absurdum est une bulle pontificale, rédigée par le pape Paul IV et nommée d'après ses premiers mots (incipit) : « Comme il est absurde et totalement inopportun que les juifs, qui, en raison de leur propre faute, ont été condamnés par Dieu à un esclavage perpétuel […] ». Elle est datée du 14 juillet 1555. (fr)
  • Cum nimis absurdum adalah sebuah bulla kepausan yang dikeluarkan oleh Paus Paulus IV dan bertanggal 14 Juli 1555. Nama bulla ini berasal dari kata-kata pertamanya: "Karena adalah suatu hal yang menggelikan dan sangat meresahkan bahwa orang Yahudi, yang akibat kesalahan mereka sendiri dikutuk Tuhan ke dalam perbudakan abadi..." Bulla ini mencabut semua hak yang sebelumnya dinikmati warga Yahudi di Negara Gereja. Cum nimis absurdum juga membatasi kebebasan orang-orang Yahudi. Komunitas Yahudi (yang sudah ada sejak lama dan berjumlah sekitar 2.000 orang pada saat itu) diwajibkan untuk tinggal di ghetto Kota Roma. Ghetto tersebut dikelilingi oleh tembok dengan tiga gerbang yang dikunci pada malam hari. Bulla ini juga mewajibkan laki-laki Yahudi untuk memakai topi kuning runcing, sementara wanita Yahudi harus mengenakan penanda warna kuning yang tidak bisa disembunyikan. Selain itu, orang Yahudi diwajibkan mendengarkan khotbah Katolik setiap hari shabbat. Bulla ini melarang orang Yahudi memiliki properti atau menjadi dokter untuk orang Kristen. Orang Yahudi hanya dapat mendapatkan pekerjaan yang tidak memerlukan keterampilan seperti tukang kain, pedagang barang bekas, atau penjual ikan. Mereka juga dapat menjadi tukang gadai. (in)
  • La bolla Cum nimis absurdum («Poiché è oltremodo assurdo» in lingua latina), emanata il 14 luglio 1555 da papa Paolo IV (al secolo Gian Pietro Carafa), dando seguito alle disposizioni del Concilio Lateranense IV nei paragrafi 67-70, pose una serie di limitazioni ai diritti delle comunità ebraiche presenti nello Stato Pontificio. Fino alla metà del Cinquecento il papato, dopo l'impero, era stato, nell'Occidente europeo, il più importante protettore della vita ebraica. Cedendo alle pressanti insistenze di molteplici regnanti del tempo, chiese locali e, soprattutto, degli ordini religiosi, in particolare dei Francescani Osservanti, la Chiesa decise di emanare un provvedimento restrittivo per la comunità ebraica dello Stato Pontificio. Inoltre, pareva inaccettabile che si stesse lottando a oltranza contro i protestanti, mentre si tolleravano coloro che negavano la divinità di Cristo. In particolare, la bolla impose agli ebrei l'obbligo di portare un distintivo turchese ("glauci coloris"), li escluse dal possesso di beni immobili e vietò ai medici ebrei di curare cristiani. La bolla sancì inoltre la costruzione di appositi ghetti entro i quali gli ebrei avrebbero dovuto vivere e portò alla creazione, tra l'altro, del ghetto di Roma. Sette anni dopo papa Pio IV (Giovanni Angelo Medici), avversario della famiglia Carafa, con la bolla del 27 febbraio 1562 ammorbidiva gli articoli più vessatori della bolla di Paolo IV, in particolare per quanto riguarda le limitazioni all'attività economica, il possesso di beni immobili anche fuori dai ghetti e assolveva chi non avesse rispettato le norme della Cum nimis absurdum. Tuttavia tale bolla costituì un precedente nella legislazione papale e i suoi effetti si sentirono fino alla presa di Roma nel settembre 1870. Molte delle ordinanze specificate nei quindici articoli della bolla, furono in seguito adottate da altri capi di Stato italiani. È la prima delle bolle papali che lo storico Attilio Milano ha qualificato, insieme alla Caeca et obdurata (1593) e alla Hebraeorum gens (1569), come bolle infami. (it)
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  • Cum nimis absurdum est une bulle pontificale, rédigée par le pape Paul IV et nommée d'après ses premiers mots (incipit) : « Comme il est absurde et totalement inopportun que les juifs, qui, en raison de leur propre faute, ont été condamnés par Dieu à un esclavage perpétuel […] ». Elle est datée du 14 juillet 1555. (fr)
  • Cum nimis absurdum je papežská bula, kterou vydal papež Pavel IV. 14. července 1555, a která zavádí protižidovské restrikce, jež se později rozšířily do celé Evropy. Její název tvoří, jak bývá u bul obvyklé, první slova latinského originálu (v překladu "Jelikož je absurdní a krajně nevhodné, že židé, kteří byli ze své vlastní viny Bohem zatraceni..."). Muži jsou nuceni nosit bílou nebo žlutou židovskou čapku, ženy žlutý šátek nebo znak. Židům se zakazuje vlastnit hmotný nemovitý majetek a vykonávat lékařské služby na křesťanech. Bula také zakládá římské židovské ghetto (ve čtvrti rione Sant'Angelo), jež bylo jedním z prvních židovských ghett vůbec. Šlo o uzavřenou čtvrť se třemi bránami, které se na noc zamykaly. Židům byla také povolena pouze jedna synagoga v jednom městě. Následující pap (cs)
  • Cum nimis absurdum (Ĉar estas treege absurde, latine), estas buleo promulgita la 14an de julio 1555 de papo Paŭlo la 4-a kiu per ĝi metis serion da rajtlimigoj al la judaj komunumoj ĉeestaj en la tiama Papa Ŝtato. Aparte, pro la rimarkinda riĉiĝo de multaj judoj praktikantaj la uzuron kaj pro la utiligo de kristana servistaro, la buleo altrudis, interalie, al la judaro montri sur vestoj, eksterhejme, flavan distingilon, malpermesis al ili posedi nemoveblaĵojn kaj, krome, al judaj medicinistoj kuraci kristanojn. (eo)
  • Cum nimis absurdum was a papal bull issued by Pope Paul IV dated 14 July 1555. It takes its name from its first words: "Since it is absurd and utterly inconvenient that the Jews, who through their own fault were condemned by God to eternal slavery, can under the pretext that pious Christians must accept them and sustain their habitation, are so ungrateful to Christians, as, instead of thanks for gracious treatment, they return contumely, and among themselves, instead of the slavery, which they deserve, they manage to claim superiority: we, who newly learned that these very Jews have insolently invaded our City Rome and a number of the Papal States, territories and domains their impudence increased so much that they dare not only to live amongst the Christian people, but also in the vicinit (en)
  • Cum nimis absurdum ist eine am 14. Juli 1555 von Papst Paul IV. promulgierte Päpstliche Bulle, die die Lebensbedingungen von Juden im Kirchenstaat regelte. Zu den wichtigsten konkreten Auswirkungen gehörte die Errichtung des römischen Ghettos. Vor diesen Einschränkungen flüchteten viele Juden aus dem Kirchenstaat in andere Staaten, wo vergleichbare Vorschriften noch nicht existierten. Wie alle päpstlichen Dokumente wird die Bulle nach dem Incipit, also nach den Anfangsworten zitiert: „Cum nimis absurdum et inconveniens existat, ut Iudaei, quos propria culpa perpetuae servituti submisit […]“ (de)
  • Cum nimis absurdum adalah sebuah bulla kepausan yang dikeluarkan oleh Paus Paulus IV dan bertanggal 14 Juli 1555. Nama bulla ini berasal dari kata-kata pertamanya: "Karena adalah suatu hal yang menggelikan dan sangat meresahkan bahwa orang Yahudi, yang akibat kesalahan mereka sendiri dikutuk Tuhan ke dalam perbudakan abadi..." (in)
  • La bolla Cum nimis absurdum («Poiché è oltremodo assurdo» in lingua latina), emanata il 14 luglio 1555 da papa Paolo IV (al secolo Gian Pietro Carafa), dando seguito alle disposizioni del Concilio Lateranense IV nei paragrafi 67-70, pose una serie di limitazioni ai diritti delle comunità ebraiche presenti nello Stato Pontificio. È la prima delle bolle papali che lo storico Attilio Milano ha qualificato, insieme alla Caeca et obdurata (1593) e alla Hebraeorum gens (1569), come bolle infami. (it)
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  • Cum nimis absurdum (cs)
  • Cum nimis absurdum (de)
  • Cum nimis absurdum (eo)
  • Cum nimis absurdum (en)
  • Cum nimis absurdum (in)
  • Cum nimis absurdum (fr)
  • Cum nimis absurdum (it)
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