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In digital circuits, the contamination delay (denoted as tcd) is the minimum amount of time from when an input changes until any output starts to change its value. This change in value does not imply that the value has reached a stable condition. The contamination delay only specifies that the output rises (or falls) to 50% of the voltage level for a logic high. The circuit is guaranteed not to show any output change in response to an input change before tcd time units (calculated for the whole circuit) have passed. The determination of the contamination delay of a combined circuit requires identifying the shortest path of contamination delays from input to output and by adding each tcd time along this path.

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  • In digital circuits, the contamination delay (denoted as tcd) is the minimum amount of time from when an input changes until any output starts to change its value. This change in value does not imply that the value has reached a stable condition. The contamination delay only specifies that the output rises (or falls) to 50% of the voltage level for a logic high. The circuit is guaranteed not to show any output change in response to an input change before tcd time units (calculated for the whole circuit) have passed. The determination of the contamination delay of a combined circuit requires identifying the shortest path of contamination delays from input to output and by adding each tcd time along this path. For a sequential circuit such as two D-flip flops connected in series, the contamination delay of the first flip-flop must be factored in to avoid violating the hold-time constraint of the second flip-flop receiving the output from the first flip flop. Here, the contamination delay is the amount of time needed for a change in the flip-flop clock input to result in the initial change at the flip-flop output (Q).If there is insufficient delay from the output of the first flip-flop to the input of the second, the input may change before the hold time has passed. Because the second flip-flop is still unstable, its data would then be "contaminated." Every path from an input to an output can be characterized with a particular contamination delay. Well-balanced circuits will have similar speeds for all paths through a combinational stage, so the minimum propagation time is close to the maximum. This corresponding maximum time is the propagation delay. The condition of data being contaminated is called a race. (en)
  • En circuitos digitales, el retardo de contaminación o tiempo de contaminación (representado habitualmente como tcd) es el intervalo de tiempo que transcurre como mínimo desde que hay un cambio en una entrada de un circuito hasta que la salida comienza a cambiar su valor o estado. Dicho de otra manera, se garantiza que la salida no experimenta ningún cambio debido a un cambio en alguna entrada antes de que haya transcurrido un tiempo de al menos tcd. Es importante resaltar que el inicio del cambio en la salida no implica que esta llegue inmediatamente a un valor estable. El retardo de contaminación de un circuito compuesto se obtiene identificar el camino más rápido posible de entrada a salida, es decir, aquel en el que la suma de los tcd de cada elemento en el camino es mínima. En circuitos secuenciales es necesario tener en cuenta el retardo de contaminación para evitar violar el tiempo de retención o tiempo de hold en las entradas de los elementos de memoria. Por ejemplo, si hay dos flip-flops tipo D conectados uno tras otro y no hay suficiente retardo desde la salida del primero a la entrada del segundo, esta última entrada puede cambiar antes de que haya transcurrido el tiempo de retención o tiempo de hold, de modo que la salida del segundo flip-flop quedaría entonces indeterminada. (es)
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  • In digital circuits, the contamination delay (denoted as tcd) is the minimum amount of time from when an input changes until any output starts to change its value. This change in value does not imply that the value has reached a stable condition. The contamination delay only specifies that the output rises (or falls) to 50% of the voltage level for a logic high. The circuit is guaranteed not to show any output change in response to an input change before tcd time units (calculated for the whole circuit) have passed. The determination of the contamination delay of a combined circuit requires identifying the shortest path of contamination delays from input to output and by adding each tcd time along this path. (en)
  • En circuitos digitales, el retardo de contaminación o tiempo de contaminación (representado habitualmente como tcd) es el intervalo de tiempo que transcurre como mínimo desde que hay un cambio en una entrada de un circuito hasta que la salida comienza a cambiar su valor o estado. Dicho de otra manera, se garantiza que la salida no experimenta ningún cambio debido a un cambio en alguna entrada antes de que haya transcurrido un tiempo de al menos tcd. Es importante resaltar que el inicio del cambio en la salida no implica que esta llegue inmediatamente a un valor estable. (es)
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  • Retardo de contaminación (es)
  • Contamination delay (en)
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