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- The reason why the Ceratioids, alone amongst Vertebrates, have males of this kind is evident. They are necessarily few in numbers in comparison with the more active fishes on which they prey, and they lead a solitary life, floating about in the darkness of the middle depths of the ocean. Under such circumstances it would be very difficult for a mature fish to find a mate, but this difficulty appears to some extent to have been got over by the males, soon after they are hatched, when they are relatively numerous, attaching themselves to the females, if they are fortunate enough to meet them, and remaining attached throughout life. In all probability the males are incapable of free development, and it is likely that the great majority of them fail to find a female and perish, although another possibility has been suggested to me, namely, that the post-larval fish that find and become attached to females develop into males, and those that do not into females. (en)
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