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The Battle of Pulo Aura was a minor naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars, fought on 14 February 1804, in which a large convoy of Honourable East India Company (HEIC) East Indiamen, well-armed merchant ships, intimidated, drove off and chased away a powerful French naval squadron. Although the French force was much stronger than the British convoy, Commodore Nathaniel Dance's aggressive tactics persuaded Contre-Admiral Charles-Alexandre Durand Linois to retire after only a brief exchange of shot. Dance then chased the French warships until his convoy was out of danger, whereupon he resumed his passage toward British India. Linois later claimed that the unescorted British merchant fleet was defended by eight ships of the line, a claim criticised by contemporary officers and later historia

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dbo:abstract
  • The Battle of Pulo Aura was a minor naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars, fought on 14 February 1804, in which a large convoy of Honourable East India Company (HEIC) East Indiamen, well-armed merchant ships, intimidated, drove off and chased away a powerful French naval squadron. Although the French force was much stronger than the British convoy, Commodore Nathaniel Dance's aggressive tactics persuaded Contre-Admiral Charles-Alexandre Durand Linois to retire after only a brief exchange of shot. Dance then chased the French warships until his convoy was out of danger, whereupon he resumed his passage toward British India. Linois later claimed that the unescorted British merchant fleet was defended by eight ships of the line, a claim criticised by contemporary officers and later historians. The battle occurred during an extended commerce raiding operation by a French squadron led by Linois in the ship of the line Marengo. Linois had sailed to the Indian Ocean in 1803 before the declaration of war, under orders to install garrisons in the French and Dutch colonies in the region and to prey on lightly defended British merchant shipping. One of the richest and most significant targets was the "China Fleet", an annual convoy of East Indiamen from China and other Far Eastern ports that carried millions of pounds' worth of trade goods. Although these large vessels were accompanied by numerous smaller merchant ships, news of the outbreak of war had only just arrived in the Pacific and the only warship available to defend the fleet was the small HEIC armed brig Ganges. Dutch informants notified Linois of the fleet's destination and date of departure from Canton while he was anchored at Batavia on Java, and he sailed in search of the convoy on 28 December 1803, eventually discovering it in early February. Although no warships protected the convoy, Commodore Dance knew that lookouts could, from a distance, mistake a large East Indiaman for a ship of the line. He had his Indiamen formed into a line of battle and raise flags that indicated his fleet included part of the Royal Navy squadron then operating in the Indian Ocean. Although Linois's ships were clearly superior, the British reaction unnerved Linois and he quickly broke off combat. Dance continued his ruse, pursuing Linois for two hours until the body of the convoy was safe. King George III knighted Dance for his courage and various mercantile and patriotic organisations awarded him large sums of money, while both the Emperor Napoleon and Linois's own officers personally castigated the French admiral for his failure to press the attack against a weaker and extremely valuable enemy. Although he remained in command of the squadron for another two years and had some minor success against undefended merchant ships, he suffered a string of defeats and inconclusive engagements against weaker British naval forces. Ironically, Linois was captured at the action of 13 March 1806 by a numerically superior British battle squadron which he had mistaken for a merchant convoy. (en)
  • Pertempuran Pulo Aura adalah salah satu pertempuran laut minor dalam Peperangan Napoleon, terjadi pada 14 Februari 1804. Dalam pertempuran itu satu konvoi besar East Indiaman, kapal dagang yang dipersenjatai dengan baik, milik Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania (HEIC) mengintimidasi, mengusir, dan mengejar satu skuadron angkatan laut Prancis yang kuat. Meskipun pasukan Prancis jauh lebih kuat daripada konvoi Inggris, taktik agresif Komodor Nathaniel Dance telah mendesak Laksamana Pertama Charles-Alexandre Durand Linois untuk pergi setelah hanya sekali saling menembak. Dance kemudian mengejar kapal perang Prancis tersebut hingga konvoinya terlepas dari bahaya, dan kemudian melanjutkan perjalanan ke India Britania. Linois kemudian menyatakan bahwa kapal dagang Britania yang tidak dikawal tersebut dibantu oleh delapan kapal tempur utama (ship of the line), suatu pernyataan yang dikritik oleh para perwira seangkatan dan sejarawan modern. Pertempuran tersebut terjadi dalam masa operasi perampokan kapal dagang yang dilakukan oleh skuadron kapal perang Prancis dipimpin oleh Linois dengan kapalnya Marengo. Linois berlayar ke Samudra Hindia pada 1803 sebelum pernyataan perang di bawah perintah untuk melakukan penjagaan koloni-koloni Prancis dan Belanda di wilayah tersebut dan sesekali menyerang kapal dagang Inggris. Salah satu target terkaya dan paling signifikan adalah "Armada Tiongkok", konvoi tahunan East Indiamen, dari Tiongkok dan pelabuhan-pelabuhan Timur Jauh lainnya yang membawa barang dagangan bernilai jutaan pound sterling. Berita mengenai pecahnya perang baru tiba di Pasifik dan satu-satunya kapal perang yang tersedia untuk menjaga armada tersebut adalah kapal jenis brig milik HEIC bernama Ganges. Informan Belanda memberitahu Linois mengenai tujuan armada dan tanggal keberangkatan dari Kanton ketika Lionis berada di Batavia, Jawa. Kemudian, pada 28 Desember 1803 ia berlayar untuk mencari konvoi tersebut, hingga akhirnya menemukannya pada awal Februari. Meskipun konvoi tidak dilindung kapal perang, Komodor Dance tahu bahwa para pengintai dapat melakukan kesalahan, dari kejauhan menganggap kapal East Indiaman besar adalah kapal tempur utama. Ia mengibarkan bendera lambang skuadron Angkatan Laut Britania dan membentuk posisi tempur. Kapal Linois jelas lebih unggul, tetapi reaksi kapal Inggris membuat Linois terkesima dan ia dengan cepat membatalkan pertempuran. Dance melanjutkan triknya, mengejar Linois selama dua jam hingga konvoi dirasa aman. Raja George III menganugerahi Dance gelar Knight Bachelor atas keberaniannya. Beberapa pedagang dan organisasi menghadiahi ia sejumlah besar uang. Sementara itu, Linois diberi hukuman langsung oleh Kaisar Napoleon atas kegagalannya menekan serangan pada musuh yang lebih lemah dan sangat berharga. Tetapi, ia masih bertugas selama dua tahun berikutnya dan memperoleh beberapa kesuksesan minor dalam serangan terhadap kapal-kapal dagang tanpa pengawalan. Ia mengalami serangkaian kekalahan dan terlibat dalam beberapa pertempuran tidak meyakinkan melawan kapal-kapal Inggris yang lebih lemah. Ironisnya, Linois ditangkap dalam Aksi 13 Maret 1806 oleh sejumlah kapal perang Inggris yang lebih unggul yang ia kira konvoi dagang. (in)
  • La bataille de Poulo Aura est un combat naval ayant opposé, le 15 février 1804, en mer de Chine méridionale, un convoi de la Compagnie britannique des Indes orientales venant de Chine à une escadre française. (fr)
  • «Бой Данса» (англ. Dance’s Action) — бой, состоявшийся 15 февраля 1804 года у входа в Малаккский пролив между конвоем торговых судов Британской Ост-Индской компании (так называемый Китайский флот, англ. China Fleet) и французской боевой эскадрой, во главе с 74-пушечным линейным кораблем «Маренго» (фр. Marengo). (ru)
dbo:causalties
  • 1 killed
  • 1 wounded
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  • France
  • East India Company
dbo:commander
dbo:date
  • 1804-02-15 (xsd:date)
dbo:isPartOfMilitaryConflict
dbo:place
dbo:result
  • Company victory
dbo:strength
  • 1 brig
  • 1 corvette
  • 1 ship of the line
  • 2 frigates
  • 29 merchantmen
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dbp:caption
  • 0001-02-15 (xsd:gMonthDay)
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  • 1 (xsd:integer)
  • None (en)
dbp:combatant
  • East India Company (en)
  • France (en)
dbp:commander
  • Charles Linois (en)
  • Nathaniel Dance (en)
dbp:conflict
  • Battle of Pulo Aura (en)
dbp:date
  • 1804-02-15 (xsd:date)
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  • the Napoleonic Wars (en)
dbp:place
  • Off Pulo Aura, South China Sea (en)
dbp:result
  • Company victory (en)
dbp:strength
  • 1 (xsd:integer)
  • 2 (xsd:integer)
  • 29 (xsd:integer)
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  • La bataille de Poulo Aura est un combat naval ayant opposé, le 15 février 1804, en mer de Chine méridionale, un convoi de la Compagnie britannique des Indes orientales venant de Chine à une escadre française. (fr)
  • «Бой Данса» (англ. Dance’s Action) — бой, состоявшийся 15 февраля 1804 года у входа в Малаккский пролив между конвоем торговых судов Британской Ост-Индской компании (так называемый Китайский флот, англ. China Fleet) и французской боевой эскадрой, во главе с 74-пушечным линейным кораблем «Маренго» (фр. Marengo). (ru)
  • The Battle of Pulo Aura was a minor naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars, fought on 14 February 1804, in which a large convoy of Honourable East India Company (HEIC) East Indiamen, well-armed merchant ships, intimidated, drove off and chased away a powerful French naval squadron. Although the French force was much stronger than the British convoy, Commodore Nathaniel Dance's aggressive tactics persuaded Contre-Admiral Charles-Alexandre Durand Linois to retire after only a brief exchange of shot. Dance then chased the French warships until his convoy was out of danger, whereupon he resumed his passage toward British India. Linois later claimed that the unescorted British merchant fleet was defended by eight ships of the line, a claim criticised by contemporary officers and later historia (en)
  • Pertempuran Pulo Aura adalah salah satu pertempuran laut minor dalam Peperangan Napoleon, terjadi pada 14 Februari 1804. Dalam pertempuran itu satu konvoi besar East Indiaman, kapal dagang yang dipersenjatai dengan baik, milik Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania (HEIC) mengintimidasi, mengusir, dan mengejar satu skuadron angkatan laut Prancis yang kuat. Meskipun pasukan Prancis jauh lebih kuat daripada konvoi Inggris, taktik agresif Komodor Nathaniel Dance telah mendesak Laksamana Pertama Charles-Alexandre Durand Linois untuk pergi setelah hanya sekali saling menembak. Dance kemudian mengejar kapal perang Prancis tersebut hingga konvoinya terlepas dari bahaya, dan kemudian melanjutkan perjalanan ke India Britania. Linois kemudian menyatakan bahwa kapal dagang Britania yang tidak dikawal terse (in)
rdfs:label
  • Battle of Pulo Aura (en)
  • Pertempuran Pulo Aura (in)
  • Bataille de Poulo Aura (fr)
  • Бой Данса (ru)
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  • Battle of Pulo Aura (en)
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