About: BBN Butterfly

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The BBN Butterfly was a massively parallel computer built by Bolt, Beranek and Newman in the 1980s. It was named for the "butterfly" multi-stage switching network around which it was built. Each machine had up to 512 CPUs, each with local memory, which could be connected to allow every CPU access to every other CPU's memory, although with a substantially greater latency (roughly 15:1) than for its own. The CPUs were commodity microprocessors. The memory address space was shared.

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  • The BBN Butterfly was a massively parallel computer built by Bolt, Beranek and Newman in the 1980s. It was named for the "butterfly" multi-stage switching network around which it was built. Each machine had up to 512 CPUs, each with local memory, which could be connected to allow every CPU access to every other CPU's memory, although with a substantially greater latency (roughly 15:1) than for its own. The CPUs were commodity microprocessors. The memory address space was shared. The first generation used Motorola 68000 processors, followed by a 68010 version.The Butterfly connect was developed specifically for this computer. The second or third generation, GP-1000 models used Motorola 68020's and scaled to 256 CPUs. The later, TC-2000 models used Motorola MC88100's, and scaled to 512 CPUs. The Butterfly was initially developed as the Voice Funnel, a router for the ST-II protocol intended for carrying voice and video over IP networks. The Butterfly hardware was later used for the Butterfly Satellite IMP (BSAT) packet switch of DARPA's Wideband Packet Satellite Network which operated at multiple sites around the US over a shared 3 Mbit/s broadcast satellite channel. In the late 1980s, this network became the Terrestrial Wideband Network, based on terrestrial T1 circuits instead of a shared broadcast satellite channel and the BSAT became the Wideband Packet Switch (WPS). Another DARPA sponsored project at BBN produced the Butterfly Multiprocessor Internet Gateway (Internet Router) to interconnect different types of networks at the IP layer. Like the BSAT, the Butterfly Gateway broke the contention of a shared bus minicomputer architecture that had been in use for Internet Gateways by combining the routing computations and I/O at the network interfaces and using the Butterfly's switch fabric to provide the network interconnections. This resulted in significantly higher link throughputs. The Butterfly began with a proprietary operating system called Chrysalis, but moved to a Mach kernel operating system in 1989. While the memory access time was non-uniform, the machine had SMP memory semantics, and could be operated as a symmetric multiprocessor. The largest configured system with 128 processors was at the University of Rochester Computer Science Department. Most delivered systems had about 16 processors. No known configurations appear to be in museums. At least one system is thought to be sitting within a DARPA autonomous vehicle. TotalView, the parallel program debugger developed for the Butterfly, outlived the platform and was ported to a number of other massively parallel machines. (en)
  • BBN Buttefly(BBN バタフライ)は、BBNテクノロジーズによって(Pluribusの設計に基づいて)1980年代に開発された超並列マシン。その名称は基盤となるバタフライ式マルチステージ交換ネットワークに由来する。各マシンは最大512個のプロセッサ(CPU)で構成され、各プロセッサにローカルメモリが付属し、各プロセッサが他の全プロセッサのローカルメモリにアクセス可能となっている(ただし、そのレイテンシはローカルメモリに比較して15倍)。プロセッサには一般のマイクロプロセッサを使用した。メモリアドレス空間は共有されている。 第一世代はモトローラのMC68000を使用し、その後MC68010版が続いた。バタフライ接続はこのコンピュータのために開発された。第二世代と第三世代の GP-1000 はMC68020を使用し最大256CPUとした。後期の TC-2000 はモトローラの88100を採用し、最大512CPUとしている。 元々は、音声や動画を広帯域ネットワーク上で転送するための ST-II プロトコルのルーターとして開発された。バタフライはその後、国防高等研究計画局のARPANETの後継である高速な衛星広帯域ネットワークのルーターとしても使われた。このネットワークは後に惑星広帯域ネットワークとなった。 バタフライ上では当初独自オペレーティングシステム「クリサリス」が動作していたが、1989年にMachオペレーティングシステムに移行した。ハードウェアはNUMAだが、理論上対称型マルチプロセッシングとして動作する。 実際の最大構成のシステムは、ローレンス・リバモア研究所の123プロセッサ以上を搭載したシステム(フォールトトレラント性のために冗長性を持たせている)である。ほとんどのシステムは16プロセッサ程度の規模だった。DARPA内にも少なくとも1システムが納入された。 バタフライ向けに開発された並列プログラム用デバッガTotalViewはプラットフォームより長生きし、他の様々な超並列マシンにも移植された。 (ja)
  • Il Butterfly è un computer a parallelismo massivo prodotto durante gli anni ottanta e basato sul precedente progetto . Il nome deriva dal nome della rete di comunicazione utilizzata che era chiamata bufferfly (farfalla in inglese). Ogni macchina poteva montare fino a 512 processori, ogni processore era dotato di una propria memoria locale ma la rete consentiva ad ogni processore di accedere alla memoria di un altro processore ma con una elevata latenza (nel rapporto di 15:1 rispetto a un accesso locale). I processori utilizzati erano dei normali processori e non unità sviluppate appositamente come in progetti di altre compagnie. Il primo GP-1000 utilizzava dei Motorola 68020 e poteva montare fino a 256 processori. Il successivo TC-2000 era dotato del e accettava fino a 512 processori. Il Butterfly utilizzava un sistema operativo proprietario chiamato Chrysalis ma nel 1989 venne abbandonato in favore di un sistema operativo basato su kernel Mach. Sebbene la memoria sia ad accesso non costante, la macchina funziona come una macchina SMP e come tale andava programmata. TotalView era un programma di debuggin sviluppato per il Butterfly e in seguito venne portato su molte altre macchine parallele. (it)
  • BBN Butterfly — параллельный суперкомпьютер, построенный компанией Bolt, Beranek and Newman в 1980-х годах. Название Butterfly (с англ. — «бабочка») он получил из-за использованной топологии сетевого соединения butterfly switch между узлами компьютера. Число процессоров в BBN Butterfly могло достигать 512. (ru)
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  • BBN Butterfly — параллельный суперкомпьютер, построенный компанией Bolt, Beranek and Newman в 1980-х годах. Название Butterfly (с англ. — «бабочка») он получил из-за использованной топологии сетевого соединения butterfly switch между узлами компьютера. Число процессоров в BBN Butterfly могло достигать 512. (ru)
  • The BBN Butterfly was a massively parallel computer built by Bolt, Beranek and Newman in the 1980s. It was named for the "butterfly" multi-stage switching network around which it was built. Each machine had up to 512 CPUs, each with local memory, which could be connected to allow every CPU access to every other CPU's memory, although with a substantially greater latency (roughly 15:1) than for its own. The CPUs were commodity microprocessors. The memory address space was shared. (en)
  • Il Butterfly è un computer a parallelismo massivo prodotto durante gli anni ottanta e basato sul precedente progetto . Il nome deriva dal nome della rete di comunicazione utilizzata che era chiamata bufferfly (farfalla in inglese). Ogni macchina poteva montare fino a 512 processori, ogni processore era dotato di una propria memoria locale ma la rete consentiva ad ogni processore di accedere alla memoria di un altro processore ma con una elevata latenza (nel rapporto di 15:1 rispetto a un accesso locale). I processori utilizzati erano dei normali processori e non unità sviluppate appositamente come in progetti di altre compagnie. Il primo GP-1000 utilizzava dei Motorola 68020 e poteva montare fino a 256 processori. Il successivo TC-2000 era dotato del e accettava fino a 512 processori. (it)
  • BBN Buttefly(BBN バタフライ)は、BBNテクノロジーズによって(Pluribusの設計に基づいて)1980年代に開発された超並列マシン。その名称は基盤となるバタフライ式マルチステージ交換ネットワークに由来する。各マシンは最大512個のプロセッサ(CPU)で構成され、各プロセッサにローカルメモリが付属し、各プロセッサが他の全プロセッサのローカルメモリにアクセス可能となっている(ただし、そのレイテンシはローカルメモリに比較して15倍)。プロセッサには一般のマイクロプロセッサを使用した。メモリアドレス空間は共有されている。 第一世代はモトローラのMC68000を使用し、その後MC68010版が続いた。バタフライ接続はこのコンピュータのために開発された。第二世代と第三世代の GP-1000 はMC68020を使用し最大256CPUとした。後期の TC-2000 はモトローラの88100を採用し、最大512CPUとしている。 元々は、音声や動画を広帯域ネットワーク上で転送するための ST-II プロトコルのルーターとして開発された。バタフライはその後、国防高等研究計画局のARPANETの後継である高速な衛星広帯域ネットワークのルーターとしても使われた。このネットワークは後に惑星広帯域ネットワークとなった。 (ja)
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  • BBN Butterfly (en)
  • BBN Butterfly (it)
  • BBN Butterfly (ja)
  • BBN Butterfly (ru)
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