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- The avicularium (pl. avicularia) in cheilostome bryozoans is a modified, non-feeding zooid. The operculum, which normally closes the orifice when the zooids tentacles are retracted, has been modified to become a mandible. Strong muscles operate it. The polypide is greatly reduced, and the individual receives nourishment from neighboring zooids. The shape of the avicularian zooid can be identical to the feeding , but is usually elongated in the direction of the mandible. Avicularia are categorised by their position relative to the autozooids. Vicarious avicularia effectively replace an autozooid in the colony structure and are usually a similar size and shape as the autozooids. Interzooidal avicularia are wedged between autozooids but do not replace an autozooid. Adventitious avicularia are placed somewhere on the external (frontal) wall of an autozooid and are usually much smaller. The 'birds-head' avicularium (e.g. Bugula) is elevated above the colony by a stalk (peduncle). A zooid where the operculum is modified into a very long, hair-like structure is called a vibraculum. The cyclostome family , which convergently evolved an opercular structure during the Early Cretaceous to Paleocene, also possess avicularia-like zooids. (en)
- Avicularien (von lat. avicula = das Vögelchen) sind spezialisierte Einzeltiere einer Moostierchenkolonie die Verteidigungsaufgaben übernehmen. Avicularien haben diesen Namen, da sie einem Vogelschnabel ähneln und schnappende Bewegungen durchführen. Ein unbewegliches, massives Rostrum („Oberschnabel“) stößt gegen einen aus einem modifizierten Operculum bestehendem „Unterschnabel“ und hält Fremdkörper fest. Avicularien sind dazu da, ein Überwuchern der Kolonie mit Fremdorganismen zu verhindern. Die Cyclostomata und haben keine Avicularien. (de)
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- 1712 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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- Avicularien (von lat. avicula = das Vögelchen) sind spezialisierte Einzeltiere einer Moostierchenkolonie die Verteidigungsaufgaben übernehmen. Avicularien haben diesen Namen, da sie einem Vogelschnabel ähneln und schnappende Bewegungen durchführen. Ein unbewegliches, massives Rostrum („Oberschnabel“) stößt gegen einen aus einem modifizierten Operculum bestehendem „Unterschnabel“ und hält Fremdkörper fest. Avicularien sind dazu da, ein Überwuchern der Kolonie mit Fremdorganismen zu verhindern. Die Cyclostomata und haben keine Avicularien. (de)
- The avicularium (pl. avicularia) in cheilostome bryozoans is a modified, non-feeding zooid. The operculum, which normally closes the orifice when the zooids tentacles are retracted, has been modified to become a mandible. Strong muscles operate it. The polypide is greatly reduced, and the individual receives nourishment from neighboring zooids. The shape of the avicularian zooid can be identical to the feeding , but is usually elongated in the direction of the mandible. A zooid where the operculum is modified into a very long, hair-like structure is called a vibraculum. (en)
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- Avicularien (de)
- Avicularium (en)
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