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Addiction modules are toxin-antitoxin systems. Each consists of a pair of genes that specify two components: a stable toxin and an unstable antitoxin that interferes with the lethal action of the toxin. Found first in E. coli on low copy number plasmids, addiction modules are responsible for a process called the postsegregational killing effect. When bacteria lose these plasmid(s) (or other extrachromosomal elements), the cured cells are selectively killed because the unstable antitoxin is degraded faster than the more stable toxin. The term "addiction" is used because the cell depends on the de novo synthesis of the antitoxin for cell survival. Thus, addiction modules are implicated in maintaining the stability of extrachromosomal elements.

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  • Addiction modules are toxin-antitoxin systems. Each consists of a pair of genes that specify two components: a stable toxin and an unstable antitoxin that interferes with the lethal action of the toxin. Found first in E. coli on low copy number plasmids, addiction modules are responsible for a process called the postsegregational killing effect. When bacteria lose these plasmid(s) (or other extrachromosomal elements), the cured cells are selectively killed because the unstable antitoxin is degraded faster than the more stable toxin. The term "addiction" is used because the cell depends on the de novo synthesis of the antitoxin for cell survival. Thus, addiction modules are implicated in maintaining the stability of extrachromosomal elements. (en)
  • Addiction modules (engl. „Suchtmodule“) sind Toxin-Antitoxin-Systeme auf zellulärer Ebene, die den Verlust von extrachromosomaler DNA (v. a. von Plasmiden) verhindern sollen. Sie bestehen meist zwei Genen, die für mindestens zwei Komponenten codieren: ein stabiles, tödliches Toxin und ein instabiles Antitoxin (Gegengift). Der Begriff „Addiction“/„Sucht“ wird verwendet, weil das Überleben der Zelle von der De-novo-Synthese des Antitoxins abhängt. (de)
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  • Addiction modules are toxin-antitoxin systems. Each consists of a pair of genes that specify two components: a stable toxin and an unstable antitoxin that interferes with the lethal action of the toxin. Found first in E. coli on low copy number plasmids, addiction modules are responsible for a process called the postsegregational killing effect. When bacteria lose these plasmid(s) (or other extrachromosomal elements), the cured cells are selectively killed because the unstable antitoxin is degraded faster than the more stable toxin. The term "addiction" is used because the cell depends on the de novo synthesis of the antitoxin for cell survival. Thus, addiction modules are implicated in maintaining the stability of extrachromosomal elements. (en)
  • Addiction modules (engl. „Suchtmodule“) sind Toxin-Antitoxin-Systeme auf zellulärer Ebene, die den Verlust von extrachromosomaler DNA (v. a. von Plasmiden) verhindern sollen. Sie bestehen meist zwei Genen, die für mindestens zwei Komponenten codieren: ein stabiles, tödliches Toxin und ein instabiles Antitoxin (Gegengift). Der Begriff „Addiction“/„Sucht“ wird verwendet, weil das Überleben der Zelle von der De-novo-Synthese des Antitoxins abhängt. (de)
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  • Addiction module (de)
  • Addiction module (en)
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