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- Sultan Abu al-Mafakhir Mahmud Abdulkadir or better known as Pangeran Ratu (died 1651) was the ruler of Banten in Northwest Java, Indonesia, and was the first ruler anywhere on the island of Java to take the title of sultan, which he took in 1638, under the Arabic name Abu al-Mafakhir Mahmud Abdulkadir. This set a precedent for Sultan Agung of Mataram soon afterwards to take the title himself. Pangeran Ratu reigned during a prosperous trading time, from which his empire gained considerable wealth; however it was also a period of increasing European influence in Western Java. In 1603, the first permanent trading post of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was established in Banten, and in 1602 the English were also given a trading post there. Jayakarta (modern Jakarta) was then a vassal of Banten, which both the English and Dutch sought for its natural harbor. Bantenese forces held the territory from both, until the VOC under Jan Pieterszoon Coen burned down the town and drove the Bantenese out, and renamed it Batavia. From 1633 to 1639, another war was fought with the Dutch, which ended with a vague ceasefire commitment. A treaty in 1645 clarified the situation, which held until the reign of Pangeran Ratu's successor, Ageng. (en)
- Sultan Abdulmafakhir Mahmud Abdulkadir atau dikenal dengan Pangeran Ratu atau Sultan Agung adalah raja ke-4 Kesultanan Banten yang bertakhta dari tahun 1596 hingga 1651. Dia merupakan putra Sultan Maulana Muhammad yang menjadi raja pertama di Pulau Jawa yang menggunakan gelar "Sultan". Sultan Abdulmafakhir wafat pada tanggal 10 Maret 1651 dan dimakamkan di Pemakaman Kenari Banten. (in)
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- Sultan Abdulmafakhir Mahmud Abdulkadir atau dikenal dengan Pangeran Ratu atau Sultan Agung adalah raja ke-4 Kesultanan Banten yang bertakhta dari tahun 1596 hingga 1651. Dia merupakan putra Sultan Maulana Muhammad yang menjadi raja pertama di Pulau Jawa yang menggunakan gelar "Sultan". Sultan Abdulmafakhir wafat pada tanggal 10 Maret 1651 dan dimakamkan di Pemakaman Kenari Banten. (in)
- Sultan Abu al-Mafakhir Mahmud Abdulkadir or better known as Pangeran Ratu (died 1651) was the ruler of Banten in Northwest Java, Indonesia, and was the first ruler anywhere on the island of Java to take the title of sultan, which he took in 1638, under the Arabic name Abu al-Mafakhir Mahmud Abdulkadir. This set a precedent for Sultan Agung of Mataram soon afterwards to take the title himself. (en)
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- Abu al-Mafakhir of Banten (en)
- Abu al-Mafakhir dari Banten (in)
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