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- Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Ḥakīm al-Lakhmī al-Rundī (Arabic: أبوعبدالله محمد بن عبدالرحمن بن الحكيم اللخمي الرّندي) (1261 – 14 March 1309) was a scholar from Ronda who became a leading official of the Nasrid Emirate of Granada. He was born to the Banu al-Hakim family, a branch of the Abbadid dynasty. While his brothers ruled his home town, he went east to study in major cities of the Islamic world in 1284, returning two years later. In 1287, he entered service in the court chancery of Sultan Muhammad II (r. 1273–1302) as katib (secretary). In addition to secretarial and literary work, he also served as mediator to reconcile his brothers with the sultan when they rebelled. He became a co-vizier on the accession of Muhammad III (r. 1302–1309), and became sole vizier and titled dhu al-wizaratayn ("holder of the two vizierates") when his co-vizier died in 1303. His power grew and at the end of his life he was the actual ruler of the emirate. He orchestrated a foreign policy change, first by making peace with Castile, and then taking Ceuta in North Africa from the Marinids. These actions backfired and soon Granada was confronted with a triple alliance of Castile, Aragon, and the Marinids. The citizens of Granada, angered by his policy and his extravagant lifestyle, invaded his palace and that of the sultan on 14 March 1309. The sultan was deposed, and Abu Abdallah was killed by his political rival . (en)
- Abu Abdillah Muhammad bin Abdirrahman bin al-Hakim al-Lakhmi ar-Rundi (1261 - 1309) adalah seorang tokoh dari Ronda yang menjadi pejabat terkemuka di Kesultanan Granada (kini di Spanyol). Ia lahir dari keluarga Banu al-Hakim, cabang dari dinasti . Saat dua saudaranya memerintah di Ronda, pada 1284 ia pergi ke timur untuk naik haji dan menuntut ilmu di kota-kota besar Islam selama dua tahun. Pada 1287, ia memulai kariernya di istana kesultanan sebagai seorang katib atau juru tulis di bawah pemerintahan Muhammad II (m. 1273–1302). Selain tugas utamanya di bidang surat menyurat dan sastra, ia juga sempat menjadi mendamaikan sang sultan dengan kedua saudaranya di Ronda saat mereka memberontak. Ia menjadi salah satu dari dua wazir saat Sultan Muhammad III (m. 1302–1309) menggantikan Muhammad II yang telah meninggal. Pada 1303, rekan wazirnya meninggal, dan ia menjadi wazir tunggal dengan diberi gelar dzul-wizaratayn ("pemilik dua jabatan wazir"). Posisinya terus menguat dan pada akhir hidupnya ia menjadi penguasa sesungguhnya di Granada, melebihi sang sultan. Ia membuat perubahan kebijakan luar negeri, melakukan perdamaian dengan kerajaan Kristen Kastilia dan merebut Ceuta di Afrika Utara dari tangan Kesultanan Mariniyah. Aksinya ini justru menyebabkan Granada terisolasi dan selanjutnya Kastilia, Aragon, dan Kesultanan Mariniyah bersekutu melawan Granada. Penduduk kota Granada yang marah dengan kebijakan politiknya dan gaya hidupnya yang mewah, menyerbu istana Abu Abdillah dan istana sultan pada 15 Maret 1309. Sultan Muhammad III digulingkan dan Abu Abdillah sendiri dibunuh oleh pesaing politiknya . (in)
- Abu Abedalá Maomé ibne Abederramão ibne Aláqueme Alacmi Arrundi (em árabe: أبوعبدالله محمد بن عبدالرحمن بن الحكيم اللخمي الرندي; romaniz.: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Ḥakīm al-Lakhmī al-Rundī; 1261 - 14 de março de 1309) foi um estudioso de Ronda que se tornou um dos principais oficiais do de Granada. Nasceu na família Banu Aláqueme, um ramo da dinastia abássida. Enquanto seus irmãos governavam sua cidade natal, foi para o leste para estudar nas principais cidades do mundo islâmico em 1284, retornando dois anos depois. Em 1287, entrou para o serviço na chancelaria do sultão Maomé II (r. 1273–1302) como (secretário). Além do trabalho como secretário e literato, também serviu como mediador para reconciliar seus irmãos com o sultão quando se rebelaram. Era covizir no tempo da ascensão de Maomé III (r. 1302–1309), tornando-se o único vizir e se intitulando dul uizarataim (dhu al-wizaratayn; "detentor dos dois vizirados") quando seu covizir morreu em 1303. Seu poder cresceu e no final de sua vida era o verdadeiro governante do emirado. Orquestrou uma mudança na política externa, primeiro fazendo a paz com Castela e depois tomando Ceuta, no norte da África, do Império Merínida. O tiro saiu pela culatra e logo Granada foi confrontada com uma aliança tripla de Castela, Aragão e os merínidas. Os cidadãos de Granada, irritados com sua política e estilo de vida extravagante, invadiram seu palácio e o do sultão em 14 de março de 1309. O sultão foi deposto e Abu Abedalá foi morto por seu rival político . (pt)
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- Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Ḥakīm al-Lakhmī al-Rundī (en)
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- Abu Abdallah ibn al-Hakim (en)
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- Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Ḥakīm al-Lakhmī al-Rundī (Arabic: أبوعبدالله محمد بن عبدالرحمن بن الحكيم اللخمي الرّندي) (1261 – 14 March 1309) was a scholar from Ronda who became a leading official of the Nasrid Emirate of Granada. He was born to the Banu al-Hakim family, a branch of the Abbadid dynasty. While his brothers ruled his home town, he went east to study in major cities of the Islamic world in 1284, returning two years later. In 1287, he entered service in the court chancery of Sultan Muhammad II (r. 1273–1302) as katib (secretary). In addition to secretarial and literary work, he also served as mediator to reconcile his brothers with the sultan when they rebelled. He became a co-vizier on the accession of Muhammad III (r. 1302–1309), and became sole vizier and (en)
- Abu Abdillah Muhammad bin Abdirrahman bin al-Hakim al-Lakhmi ar-Rundi (1261 - 1309) adalah seorang tokoh dari Ronda yang menjadi pejabat terkemuka di Kesultanan Granada (kini di Spanyol). Ia lahir dari keluarga Banu al-Hakim, cabang dari dinasti . Saat dua saudaranya memerintah di Ronda, pada 1284 ia pergi ke timur untuk naik haji dan menuntut ilmu di kota-kota besar Islam selama dua tahun. Pada 1287, ia memulai kariernya di istana kesultanan sebagai seorang katib atau juru tulis di bawah pemerintahan Muhammad II (m. 1273–1302). Selain tugas utamanya di bidang surat menyurat dan sastra, ia juga sempat menjadi mendamaikan sang sultan dengan kedua saudaranya di Ronda saat mereka memberontak. Ia menjadi salah satu dari dua wazir saat Sultan Muhammad III (m. 1302–1309) menggantikan Muhammad II (in)
- Abu Abedalá Maomé ibne Abederramão ibne Aláqueme Alacmi Arrundi (em árabe: أبوعبدالله محمد بن عبدالرحمن بن الحكيم اللخمي الرندي; romaniz.: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Ḥakīm al-Lakhmī al-Rundī; 1261 - 14 de março de 1309) foi um estudioso de Ronda que se tornou um dos principais oficiais do de Granada. Nasceu na família Banu Aláqueme, um ramo da dinastia abássida. Enquanto seus irmãos governavam sua cidade natal, foi para o leste para estudar nas principais cidades do mundo islâmico em 1284, retornando dois anos depois. Em 1287, entrou para o serviço na chancelaria do sultão Maomé II (r. 1273–1302) como (secretário). Além do trabalho como secretário e literato, também serviu como mediador para reconciliar seus irmãos com o sultão quando se rebelaram. Era covizir no te (pt)
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- Abu Abdallah ibn al-Hakim (en)
- Abu Abdillah bin al-Hakim (in)
- Abu Abedalá ibne Aláqueme (pt)
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- Abu Abdallah ibn al-Hakim (en)
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