About: Khufu and Khafre

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In cryptography, Khufu and Khafre are two block ciphers designed by Ralph Merkle in 1989 while working at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center. Along with Snefru, a cryptographic hash function, the ciphers were named after the Egyptian Pharaohs Khufu, Khafre and Sneferu. Khufu and Khafre were patented by Xerox; the patent was issued on March 26, 1991.

Attributes	Values
rdfs:label	Khufu e Khafre (it) Khufu et Khafre (fr) Khufu and Khafre (en) Khufu i Khafre (kryptografia) (pl) Khufu (ru)
rdfs:comment	Khufu i Khfare – szyfry blokowe zaproponowane w 1990 roku przez Ralpha Merkle. Nazwy szyfrów pochodzą od imion egipskich faraonów Cheopsa i Chefren. (pl) Khufu — в криптографии симметричный блочный 64-битовый криптоалгоритм, разработанный Ральфом Мерклом в 1990 году, назван в честь египетского фараона Хеопса. (ru) In cryptography, Khufu and Khafre are two block ciphers designed by Ralph Merkle in 1989 while working at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center. Along with Snefru, a cryptographic hash function, the ciphers were named after the Egyptian Pharaohs Khufu, Khafre and Sneferu. Khufu and Khafre were patented by Xerox; the patent was issued on March 26, 1991. (en) Khufu et Khafre sont deux algorithmes de chiffrement par bloc développés par Ralph Merkle en 1989 alors qu'il travaillait pour le compte de Xerox au centre de recherche de Palo Alto. Tout comme Snefru, une fonction de hachage cryptographique, ces chiffrements portent les noms des pharaons égyptiens Khéops (Khufu), Snéfrou (Snefru) (père de Khéops) et Khéphren (fils de Khéops). Khufu et Khafre ont été brevetés par Xerox le 26 mars 1991. Les deux algorithmes ont été optimisés pour du 32 bits (fr) In crittografia Khufu e Khafre sono due cifrari a blocchi sviluppati da Ralph Merkle nel 1989 durante il periodo in cui lavorava per Xerox al Palo Alto Research Center. Come , una funzione di hash, i cifrari furono denominati con i nomi (in lingua inglese) dei faraoni egizi Cheope (Khufu), Chefren (Khafre) e Snefru. Khufu e Khafre sono brevettati da Xerox (brevetto (EN) US5003597, United States Patent and Trademark Office, Stati Uniti d'America., depositato il 26 marzo 1991). (it)
name	Khafre (en) Khufu (en)
dcterms:subject	Broken block ciphers Feistel ciphers
Wikipage page ID	634695 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1104332346 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Cambridge Rome Santa Barbara, California Eli Biham David A. Wagner Pharaoh Cryptographic hash function Cryptography Sneferu Feistel cipher John Kelsey (cryptanalyst) Key (cryptography) Key size Khafre Palo Alto Research Center Bruce Schneier Adi Shamir Broken block ciphers PDF Fast Software Encryption Gzip S-box Snefru A Million Random Digits with 100,000 Normal Deviates Alex Biryukov John Gilmore (activist) Key whitening Khufu Block cipher Block size (cryptography) Nothing up my sleeve number Feistel ciphers Boomerang attack PostScript National Security Agency Ralph Merkle Xerox Impossible differential cryptanalysis Sci.crypt Springer-Verlag XOR Level of security Chosen plaintext Newsgroup CRYPTO Differential attack Known plaintext dbr:Henri_Gilbert
Link from a Wikipage to an external page	http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/163342.html http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/ralph90fast.html http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/wagner99boomerang.html http://www.schneier.com/paper-unbalanced-feistel.html http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~albi/fse99idea.ps.gz https://web.archive.org/web/20110515085818/http:/www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~albi/fse99idea.ps.gz
sameAs	Khufu and Khafre Khufu and Khafre Khufu and Khafre Khufu and Khafre Khufu and Khafre Khufu and Khafre Khufu and Khafre
dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate	dbt:Cite_conference dbt:Cleanup_bare_URLs dbt:More_footnotes_needed dbt:Reflist dbt:Short_description dbt:Cryptography_navbox dbt:Infobox_block_cipher
rounds	16 (xsd:integer)
designers	Ralph Merkle
structure	Feistel cipher
has abstract	In cryptography, Khufu and Khafre are two block ciphers designed by Ralph Merkle in 1989 while working at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center. Along with Snefru, a cryptographic hash function, the ciphers were named after the Egyptian Pharaohs Khufu, Khafre and Sneferu. Under a voluntary scheme, Xerox submitted Khufu and Khafre to the US National Security Agency (NSA) prior to publication. NSA requested that Xerox not publish the algorithms, citing concerns about national security. Xerox, a large contractor to the US government, complied. However, a reviewer of the paper passed a copy to John Gilmore, who made it available via the sci.crypt newsgroup. It would appear this was against Merkle's wishes. The scheme was subsequently published at the 1990 CRYPTO conference (Merkle, 1990). Khufu and Khafre were patented by Xerox; the patent was issued on March 26, 1991. (en) Khufu et Khafre sont deux algorithmes de chiffrement par bloc développés par Ralph Merkle en 1989 alors qu'il travaillait pour le compte de Xerox au centre de recherche de Palo Alto. Tout comme Snefru, une fonction de hachage cryptographique, ces chiffrements portent les noms des pharaons égyptiens Khéops (Khufu), Snéfrou (Snefru) (père de Khéops) et Khéphren (fils de Khéops). Xerox transmit volontairement Khufu et Khafre à la NSA avant de les diffuser. La NSA demanda à Xerox de ne pas publier les algorithmes pour des raisons de sécurité nationale. Xerox, travaillant souvent avec le gouvernement, accéda à cette requête.Toutefois, une des personnes chargées de relire les spécifications, John Gilmore, envoya le document sur sci.crypt contre la volonté de Merkle. L'algorithme fut de ce fait officiellement publié en 1990 à la conférence CRYPTO. Khufu et Khafre ont été brevetés par Xerox le 26 mars 1991. Les deux algorithmes ont été optimisés pour du 32 bits (fr) Khufu i Khfare – szyfry blokowe zaproponowane w 1990 roku przez Ralpha Merkle. Nazwy szyfrów pochodzą od imion egipskich faraonów Cheopsa i Chefren. (pl) In crittografia Khufu e Khafre sono due cifrari a blocchi sviluppati da Ralph Merkle nel 1989 durante il periodo in cui lavorava per Xerox al Palo Alto Research Center. Come , una funzione di hash, i cifrari furono denominati con i nomi (in lingua inglese) dei faraoni egizi Cheope (Khufu), Chefren (Khafre) e Snefru. Prima della pubblicazione, Xerox propose volontariamente gli algoritmi Khufu e Khafre al vaglio dell'agenzia NSA, che ne bloccò la pubblicazione per motivi di sicurezza nazionale (vedi esportazione di crittografia). Xerox, che aveva diversi appalti governativi, accondiscese alla richiesta. I documenti furono però copiati da un revisore, che li passò all'attivista , che a sua volta li distribuì sul newsgroup sci.crypt [1]; [2]: tutto questo avvenne contro i voleri di Merkle [3]. Gli schemi furono poi resi pubblici alla conferenza del 1990. Khufu e Khafre sono brevettati da Xerox (brevetto (EN) US5003597, United States Patent and Trademark Office, Stati Uniti d'America., depositato il 26 marzo 1991). (it) Khufu — в криптографии симметричный блочный 64-битовый криптоалгоритм, разработанный Ральфом Мерклом в 1990 году, назван в честь египетского фараона Хеопса. (ru)
block size	64 (xsd:integer)
cryptanalysis	Biham and Shamir's differential attack is faster than brute force even for 24 rounds (en) Gilbert and Chauvaud's differential attack (en)
key size	512 (xsd:integer)
publish date	1989 (xsd:integer)
related to	Khafre (en) Khufu (en)
prov:wasDerivedFrom	wikipedia-en:Khufu_and_Khafre?oldid=1104332346&ns=0

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