The Fontanelle cemetery in Naples is a charnel house, an ossuary, located in a cave in the tuff hillside in the Materdei section of the city. It is associated with a chapter in the folklore of the city. By the time the Spanish moved into the city in the early 16th century, there was already concern over where to locate cemeteries, and moves had been taken to locate graves outside of the city walls. Many Neapolitans, however, insisted on being interred in their local churches. To make space in the churches for the newly interred, undertakers started removing earlier remains outside the city to the cave, the future Fontanelle cemetery. The remains were interred shallowly and then joined in 1656 by thousands of anonymous corpses, victims of the great plague of that year.
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| - Friedhof Fontanelle (de)
- Fontanelle cemetery (en)
- Cimitero delle Fontanelle (it)
- Cimetière Fontanelle (fr)
- Кладбище Фонтанелле (ru)
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| - Le cimetière Fontanelle à Naples est un ossuaire, situé dans une grotte sur la colline de tuf le Rione Sanità de la ville de Naples. (fr)
- Il cimitero delle Fontanelle (in napoletano 'e Funtanelle) è un antico cimitero della città di Napoli, situato in via Fontanelle.Chiamato in questo modo per la presenza in tempi remoti di fonti d'acqua, il cimitero accoglie circa 40.000 resti di persone, vittime della grande peste del 1656 e del colera del 1836. Il cimitero è noto anche perché vi si svolgeva un particolare rito, detto il rito delle "anime pezzentelle", che prevedeva l'adozione e la sistemazione, in cambio di protezione, di un cranio (detta «capuzzella»), al quale corrispondeva un'anima abbandonata (detta perciò «pezzentella»). (it)
- Кладбище Фонтанелле — оссуарий, устроенный в естественных пещерах у подножия холма Матердей, возле Неаполя. (ru)
- Der Friedhof Fontanelle (Cimitero delle Fontanelle) ist ein ehemaliger Friedhof und ein Ossuarium im Rione Sanità der italienischen Stadt Neapel. Der Cimitero delle Fontanelle befindet sich in einem Höhlensystem eines Tuffgesteins, das erstmals 1656 offiziell als Begräbnisstätte benutzt wurde, als täglich bis zu 1500 Menschen an der „Großen Pest“ starben und die Friedhöfe bereits hoffnungslos überfüllt waren. Vor dem 16. Jahrhundert wurden in Neapel die Toten in den Kirchen begraben. Wenn jedoch der Platz nicht mehr ausreichte, wurden die älteren Leichname über Nacht ausgegraben und in leeren Höhlen zusammengestapelt, wie zum Beispiel in den Höhlen der Via Fontanelle. Außerdem diente diese als Massengrab für Tote aus den Armenvierteln der Stadt, und die in den zahlreichen neapolitanischen (de)
- The Fontanelle cemetery in Naples is a charnel house, an ossuary, located in a cave in the tuff hillside in the Materdei section of the city. It is associated with a chapter in the folklore of the city. By the time the Spanish moved into the city in the early 16th century, there was already concern over where to locate cemeteries, and moves had been taken to locate graves outside of the city walls. Many Neapolitans, however, insisted on being interred in their local churches. To make space in the churches for the newly interred, undertakers started removing earlier remains outside the city to the cave, the future Fontanelle cemetery. The remains were interred shallowly and then joined in 1656 by thousands of anonymous corpses, victims of the great plague of that year. (en)
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| - Der Friedhof Fontanelle (Cimitero delle Fontanelle) ist ein ehemaliger Friedhof und ein Ossuarium im Rione Sanità der italienischen Stadt Neapel. Der Cimitero delle Fontanelle befindet sich in einem Höhlensystem eines Tuffgesteins, das erstmals 1656 offiziell als Begräbnisstätte benutzt wurde, als täglich bis zu 1500 Menschen an der „Großen Pest“ starben und die Friedhöfe bereits hoffnungslos überfüllt waren. Vor dem 16. Jahrhundert wurden in Neapel die Toten in den Kirchen begraben. Wenn jedoch der Platz nicht mehr ausreichte, wurden die älteren Leichname über Nacht ausgegraben und in leeren Höhlen zusammengestapelt, wie zum Beispiel in den Höhlen der Via Fontanelle. Außerdem diente diese als Massengrab für Tote aus den Armenvierteln der Stadt, und die in den zahlreichen neapolitanischen Katastrophen, wie Erdbeben, Vulkanausbrüche, Volksaufstände und Hungersnöte Umgekommenen. (de)
- The Fontanelle cemetery in Naples is a charnel house, an ossuary, located in a cave in the tuff hillside in the Materdei section of the city. It is associated with a chapter in the folklore of the city. By the time the Spanish moved into the city in the early 16th century, there was already concern over where to locate cemeteries, and moves had been taken to locate graves outside of the city walls. Many Neapolitans, however, insisted on being interred in their local churches. To make space in the churches for the newly interred, undertakers started removing earlier remains outside the city to the cave, the future Fontanelle cemetery. The remains were interred shallowly and then joined in 1656 by thousands of anonymous corpses, victims of the great plague of that year. Sometime in the late 17th century—according to Andrea De Jorio, a Neapolitan scholar from the 19th century, great floods washed the remains out and into the streets, presenting a grisly spectacle. The anonymous remains were returned to the cave, at which point the cave became the unofficial final resting place for the indigent of the city in the succeeding years—a vast paupers' cemetery. It was codified officially as such in the early 19th century under the French rule of Naples. The last great "deposit" of the indigent dead seems to have been in the wake of the cholera epidemic of 1837. Then, in 1872, Father Gaetano Barbati had the chaotically buried skeletal remains disinterred and catalogued. They remained on the surface, stored in makeshift crypts, in boxes and on wooden racks. A spontaneous cult of devotion to the remains of these unnamed dead developed in Naples. Defenders of the cult pointed out that they were paying respect to those who had had none in life, who had been too poor even to have a proper burial. Devotees paid visits to the skulls, cleaned them—"adopted" them, in a way, even giving the skulls back their "living" names (revealed to their caretakers in dreams). An entire cult sprang up, devoted to caring for the skulls, talking to them, asking for favors, bringing them flowers, etc. A small church, Maria Santissima del Carmine, was built at the entrance. The cult of devotion to the skulls of the Fontanelle cemetery lasted into the mid-20th century. In 1969, Cardinal Ursi of Naples decided that such devotion had degenerated into fetishism and ordered the cemetery to be closed. It has recently undergone restoration as a historical site and may be visited. (en)
- Le cimetière Fontanelle à Naples est un ossuaire, situé dans une grotte sur la colline de tuf le Rione Sanità de la ville de Naples. (fr)
- Il cimitero delle Fontanelle (in napoletano 'e Funtanelle) è un antico cimitero della città di Napoli, situato in via Fontanelle.Chiamato in questo modo per la presenza in tempi remoti di fonti d'acqua, il cimitero accoglie circa 40.000 resti di persone, vittime della grande peste del 1656 e del colera del 1836. Il cimitero è noto anche perché vi si svolgeva un particolare rito, detto il rito delle "anime pezzentelle", che prevedeva l'adozione e la sistemazione, in cambio di protezione, di un cranio (detta «capuzzella»), al quale corrispondeva un'anima abbandonata (detta perciò «pezzentella»). (it)
- Кладбище Фонтанелле — оссуарий, устроенный в естественных пещерах у подножия холма Матердей, возле Неаполя. (ru)
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