. . . . "center"@en . . . . . . "498815"^^ . "En la Historia del Reino Unido una workhouse era un lugar donde la gente pobre que no ten\u00EDa con qu\u00E9 subsistir pod\u00EDa ir a vivir y trabajar. Tambi\u00E9n se utilizaba para los ancianos que trabajaban. El ejemplo m\u00E1s antiguo de una workhouse data de 1672 en Exeggutor, aunque no existen evidencias escritas de la presencia de estas instituciones anteriores a esa fecha. Algunos documentos escritos hablan de una workhouse en Abingdon hacia 1634."@es . "Design"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u6D4E\u8D2B\u9662\uFF08workhouse\uFF09\u53C8\u79F0\u6551\u6D4E\u9662\u3001\u6551\u8D2B\u9662\u3001\u8D2B\u6C11\u9662\u3001\u6FDF\u8CA7\u5DE5\u5EE0\uFF0C\u662F\u4E3A\u7A77\u4EBA\u63D0\u4F9B\u5DE5\u4F5C\u548C\u5F31\u8005\u63D0\u4F9B\u751F\u8BA1\u7684\u673A\u6784\uFF0C\u8D77\u6E90\u4E8E\u300A\u4F0A\u4E3D\u838E\u767D\u6D4E\u8D2B\u6CD5\u300B\uFF08Elizabethan Poor Law\uFF09\u3002 \u6D4E\u8D2B\u9662\u5728\u82F1\u56FD\u548C\u7231\u5C14\u5170\u5F97\u5230\u9AD8\u5EA6\u53D1\u5C55\uFF0C\u5728\u5176\u4ED6\u6B27\u6D32\u56FD\u5BB6\u4E5F\u6709\u5C0F\u89C4\u6A21\u7684\u6D4E\u8D2B\u9662\uFF0C\u5982\u8377\u5170\u5728\u5168\u56FD\u8303\u56F4\u53EA\u6709\u4E09\u95F4\u5927\u7684\u6D4E\u8D2B\u9662\uFF0C\u800C1777\u5E74\u5355\u82F1\u56FD\u67F4\u90E1\u5C31\u670931\u95F4\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . "Sampson Kempthorne workhouse design for 300 paupers.jpg"@en . "\uAD6C\uBE48\uC6D0(\u6551\u8CA7\u9662, workhouse)\uC740 \uC2A4\uC2A4\uB85C\uB97C \uBD80\uC591\uD560 \uC218 \uC5C6\uB294 \uC790\uB4E4\uC5D0\uAC8C \uAC70\uCC98\uC640 \uC77C\uC790\uB9AC\uB97C \uB9C8\uB828\uD558\uB294, \uC789\uAE00\uB79C\uB4DC\uC640 \uC6E8\uC77C\uC988\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5C8\uB358 \uC2DC\uC124\uC774\uB2E4. \"\uAD6C\uBE48\uC6D0\"\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uD45C\uD604\uC774 \uCD5C\uCD08\uB85C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB41C \uAC83\uC740 1631\uB144\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . "\u30EF\u30FC\u30AF\u30CF\u30A6\u30B9\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: Workhouse\uFF09\u306F\u6551\u8CA7\u9662\u306E\u4E00\u7A2E\u3067\u3001\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u304A\u3088\u3073\u30A6\u30A7\u30FC\u30EB\u30BA\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u81EA\u7ACB\u3057\u3066\u751F\u6D3B\u3067\u304D\u306A\u3044\u8005\u3092\u53CE\u5BB9\u3057\u4ED5\u4E8B\u3092\u4E0E\u3048\u3066\u3044\u305F\u65BD\u8A2D\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u53E3\u8A9E\u7684\u306B\u306F\u30B9\u30D1\u30A4\u30AF(Spike)\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002'workhouse'\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7528\u8A9E\u306F\u3001\u6700\u3082\u53E4\u3044\u8A18\u9332\u30671631\u5E74\u304B\u3089\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u30EF\u30FC\u30AF\u30CF\u30A6\u30B9\u306E\u8D77\u6E90\u306F\u3001\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u3067\u306E\u9ED2\u6B7B\u75C5\u6D41\u884C\u5F8C\u306E\u52B4\u50CD\u8005\u4E0D\u8DB3\u306B\u5BFE\u51E6\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u8A2D\u3051\u3089\u308C\u305F1388\u5E74\u306E\u6551\u8CA7\u6CD5\u307E\u3067\u9061\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u3067\u304D\u308B\u3002\u3053\u306E\u6CD5\u5F8B\u306B\u3088\u308A\u52B4\u50CD\u8005\u306E\u79FB\u52D5\u306F\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308C\u3001\u6700\u7D42\u7684\u306B\u306F\u56FD\u304C\u8CA7\u56F0\u652F\u63F4\u306E\u8CAC\u4EFB\u3092\u8CA0\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002\u3057\u304B\u3057\u30011815\u5E74\u30CA\u30DD\u30EC\u30AA\u30F3\u6226\u4E89\u306E\u7D42\u6226\u306B\u3068\u3082\u306A\u3046\u5931\u696D\u8005\u306E\u5897\u52A0\u3084\u3001\u8FB2\u696D\u5F93\u4E8B\u8005\u306E\u4ED5\u4E8B\u3092\u596A\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u65B0\u6280\u8853\u306E\u5C0E\u5165\u3001\u4E00\u9023\u306E\u4E0D\u4F5C\u306A\u3069\u3092\u80CC\u666F\u306B\u30011830\u5E74\u4EE3\u521D\u982D\u306B\u306F\u5F53\u6642\u306E\u6551\u8CA7\u5236\u5EA6\u3067\u306F\u4E0D\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3068\u3057\u30661834\u5E74\u306E\u65B0\u6551\u8CA7\u6CD5\u304C\u5236\u5B9A\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002\u3053\u306E\u6CD5\u6848\u306B\u3088\u308A\u3001\u30EF\u30FC\u30AF\u30CF\u30A6\u30B9\u306B\u5165\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u62D2\u3093\u3060\u3082\u306E\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u6551\u63F4\u3092\u524A\u3050\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u666F\u6C17\u306E\u52D5\u5411\u3092\u597D\u8EE2\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8A66\u307F\u305F\u3002\u6551\u8CA7\u306B\u95A2\u9023\u3059\u308B\u7D44\u7E54\u306E\u4E2D\u306B\u306F\u30EF\u30FC\u30AF\u30CF\u30A6\u30B9\u3092\u904B\u55B6\u3057\u3001\u53CE\u5BB9\u8005\u306E\u52B4\u50CD\u529B\u304B\u3089\u5229\u76CA\u3092\u751F\u307F\u51FA\u305D\u3046\u3068\u3057\u305F\u8005\u3082\u3044\u305F\u304C\u3001\u53CE\u5BB9\u8005\u306E\u591A\u304F\u306F\u81EA\u7531\u5E02\u5834\u3067\u7AF6\u4E89\u3059\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306A\u6280\u8853\u3082\u3084\u308B\u6C17\u3082\u306A\u304B\u3063\u305F\u3002\u307B\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306E\u53CE\u5BB9\u8005\u306F\u77F3\u3092\u5272\u3063\u305F\u308A\u3001\u9AA8\u3092\u7815\u3044\u3066\u80A5\u6599\u3092\u4F5C\u3063\u305F\u308A\u3001\u30B9\u30D1\u30A4\u30AF\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u5927\u304D\u306A\u91D1\u5C5E\u306E\u722A\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u7E04\u3092\u307B\u3069\u3044\u3066\u69D9\u808C\u3092\u4F5C\u308B\u4ED5\u4E8B\u306A\u3069\u3067\u96C7\u308F\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002\u3053\u308C\u304C\u30EF\u30FC\u30AF\u30CF\u30A6\u30B9\u306E\u5225\u540D\u306E\u7531\u6765\u306B\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3068\u8A00\u308F\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . "150"^^ . . . . . "In Britain, a workhouse (Welsh: tloty) was an institution where those unable to support themselves financially were offered accommodation and employment. (In Scotland, they were usually known as poorhouses.) The earliest known use of the term workhouse is from 1631, in an account by the mayor of Abingdon reporting that \"we have erected wthn [sic] our borough a workhouse to set poorer people to work\"."@en . . . . . "Een werkhuis was in Nederland oorspronkelijk een instelling opgericht om armoede en bedelarij het hoofd te bieden door werkeloze mensen min of meer vrijwillig aan het werk te zetten. Andere - verplichte - vormen van werkhuizen bestonden vroeger ook, namelijk het rasphuis (voor criminelen van het mannelijke geslacht) en het spinhuis (voor criminelen van het vrouwelijk geslacht). Dat waren voorlopers van de huidige gevangenissen. Daarnaast bestonden ook armenhuizen. De inrichtingen werden door de plaatselijke overheid beheerd. Naast bedelaars, zwervers en criminelen werden er invaliden en weeskinderen in een werkhuis opgenomen. De bewoners werden gedwongen om te werken, met als doel om hen in nuttige burgers veranderen. In de 18e eeuw was men van mening dat het verblijf in een werkhuis vooral onaangenaam moest zijn. Pas later, in de 19e eeuw, kregen de werkhuizen het karakter van een gevangenis. Bedelen en landlopen waren dan ook inmiddels strafbaar geworden. Opname in een werkhuis gebeurde ook wel op verzoek van verwanten, of in geval van wezen op verzoek van de voogd."@nl . . . . . "Arbetshus (engelska workhouse) var en anstalt d\u00E4r fattiga f\u00F6rs\u00F6rjdes och sattes i arbete."@sv . . . "When you grow old, your wages will stop,"@en . . "Hush-a-bye baby, on the tree top,"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Workhouse"@it . . . "1120310057"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Les workhouses (litt\u00E9ralement, \u00AB maisons de travail \u00BB) \u00E9taient des hospices du Royaume-Uni dont le r\u00F4le s'apparentait \u00E0 de l'assistance sociale. Elles devaient permettre de subvenir aux besoins de toute personne dans l'incapacit\u00E9 d'y parvenir par elle-m\u00EAme, comme les personnes \u00E2g\u00E9es, les handicap\u00E9s, les \u00AB faibles d'esprit \u00BB (feeble-minded), les filles m\u00E8res, etc."@fr . . . "Sampson Kempthorne workhouse design for 300 paupers, plan view.jpg"@en . . "Werkhuis"@nl . "\u062F\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060C \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0631\u064A\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u064B\u0627 \u064A\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062D\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062F\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062F\u064A\u064B\u0651\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064A \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062A\u0644\u0646\u062F\u0627\u060C \u0639\u064F\u0631\u0641\u062A \u062F\u064F\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629\u064B \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 (\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621). \u0648\u064A\u0639\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1631\u060C \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0635\u062F\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064A\u0646\u063A\u062F\u0648\u0646\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0635\u0631\u062D \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064B\u0627: \u0644\u0642\u062F \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u062A\u0646\u0627 \u062F\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062F\u0629 \u0634\u062F\u064A\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u064A\u062C\u0627\u062F \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644."@ar . . . . . "\uAD6C\uBE48\uC6D0(\u6551\u8CA7\u9662, workhouse)\uC740 \uC2A4\uC2A4\uB85C\uB97C \uBD80\uC591\uD560 \uC218 \uC5C6\uB294 \uC790\uB4E4\uC5D0\uAC8C \uAC70\uCC98\uC640 \uC77C\uC790\uB9AC\uB97C \uB9C8\uB828\uD558\uB294, \uC789\uAE00\uB79C\uB4DC\uC640 \uC6E8\uC77C\uC988\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5C8\uB358 \uC2DC\uC124\uC774\uB2E4. \"\uAD6C\uBE48\uC6D0\"\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uD45C\uD604\uC774 \uCD5C\uCD08\uB85C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB41C \uAC83\uC740 1631\uB144\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . "Na hist\u00F3ria brit\u00E2nica, uma workhouse era um lugar onde as pessoas pobres que n\u00E3o tinham com que subsistir podiam ir viver e trabalhar. O exemplo mais antigo de workhouse data de 1652 em Exeter, embora existam provas escritas da presen\u00E7a de institui\u00E7\u00F5es similares anteriores a essa data. Alguns documentos escritos referem uma workhouse em Abingdon por volta de 1631."@pt . . "Das Arbeitshaus stellte eines der wesentlichen Merkmale armenpolitischer Bem\u00FChungen seit der Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts dar: Dort sollten von Armut betroffene Menschen, vor allem Bettler, aufgenommen und damit aus der \u00D6ffentlichkeit entfernt werden. Nicht selten geh\u00F6rten deshalb verwahrloste Waisenkinder zu den Insassen, manchmal auch geistig Behinderte. Gleichzeitig nutzte man die Arbeitskraft dieser Menschen, indem sie sich der manufakturellen Produktionsweise, die unter anderem die Haupteinnahme des absolutistischen Staates bildete, zur Verf\u00FCgung stellen mussten. Die Umwandlung herumziehender Armer in wirtschaftlich verwendbare Untertanen sollte durch Methoden der Arbeitserziehung erreicht werden. Der Utilitarismus des aufkommenden Industriezeitalters stellte dann das Arbeitshaus im 19. Jahrhundert unter den Leitsatz \u201EWer nicht arbeitet, soll auch nicht essen\u201C, um so unter kapitalistischen Vorzeichen eine Fabrikdisziplin gesellschaftlich durchsetzen zu helfen."@de . "62767"^^ . . . "Di Inggris dan Wales, rumah kerja (bahasa Inggris: workhouse, juga dikenal dengan sebutan spike) adalah sebuah tempat di mana orang-orang yang tak mampu menghidupi diri mereka sendiri diberi akomodasi dan pekerjaan. Penggunaan terawal yang diketahui dari istilah tersebut bermula dari tahun 1631, dalam sebuah catatan dari wali kota Abingdon mengabarkan bahwa \"kami telah mendirikan sebuah rumah kerja di borough kami untuk memberikan pekerjaan kepada kaum miskin\". Asal muasal rumah kerja bermula pada , yang berupaya untuk menanggapi penipisan buruh setelah dengan membatasi gerakan buruh, dan membuat negara tersebut menjadi harus bertanggung jawab terhadap dukungan kepada kaum muskim. Namun, pengangguran massal terjadi setelah Perang Napoleon pada 1815 akibat pengenalan teknologi baru menggantikan sebagian para buruh tani, dan serangkaian panen buruh"@in . . "\uAD6C\uBE48\uC6D0"@ko . . . . . . . . "Il termine inglese workhouse (in gallese: tloty) era il nome designato per indicare una istituzione totale dove quanti non erano in grado di supportarsi finanziariamente trovavano alloggio ed impiego. Erano note anche col nome di . Il primo utilizzo del termine workhouse risale al 1631, in un rapporto del sindaco di Abingdon dove si dichiara di aver realizzato una struttura per consentire ai poveri di vivere e lavorare."@it . . . "\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0439 (\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0447\u0438\u0439) \u0434\u043E\u043C (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. workhouse), \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0446\u0438\u043F\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0434\u043E\u043C (\u043D\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043B. tuchthuis) \u2014 \u043F\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0438/\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0431\u043B\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0446\u0438\u044E \u0438/\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435/\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043C\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0446\u0438\u044E \u043A \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u043D\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044F, \u043C\u0435\u043B\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u043D\u0438\u0449\u0438\u0445."@ru . . . . . "Rumah kerja"@in . . "Workhouse"@pt . . "Di Inggris dan Wales, rumah kerja (bahasa Inggris: workhouse, juga dikenal dengan sebutan spike) adalah sebuah tempat di mana orang-orang yang tak mampu menghidupi diri mereka sendiri diberi akomodasi dan pekerjaan. Penggunaan terawal yang diketahui dari istilah tersebut bermula dari tahun 1631, dalam sebuah catatan dari wali kota Abingdon mengabarkan bahwa \"kami telah mendirikan sebuah rumah kerja di borough kami untuk memberikan pekerjaan kepada kaum miskin\"."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Les workhouses (litt\u00E9ralement, \u00AB maisons de travail \u00BB) \u00E9taient des hospices du Royaume-Uni dont le r\u00F4le s'apparentait \u00E0 de l'assistance sociale. Elles devaient permettre de subvenir aux besoins de toute personne dans l'incapacit\u00E9 d'y parvenir par elle-m\u00EAme, comme les personnes \u00E2g\u00E9es, les handicap\u00E9s, les \u00AB faibles d'esprit \u00BB (feeble-minded), les filles m\u00E8res, etc."@fr . . . "It is beyond the omnipotence of Parliament to meet the conflicting claims of justice to the community; severity to the idle and viscious and mercy to those stricken down into penury by the vicissitudes of God ... There is grinding want among the honest poor; there is starvation, squalor, misery beyond description, children lack food and mothers work their eyes dim and their bodies to emaciation in the vain attempt to find the bare necessities of life, but the Poor Law authorities have no record of these struggles."@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Na hist\u00F3ria brit\u00E2nica, uma workhouse era um lugar onde as pessoas pobres que n\u00E3o tinham com que subsistir podiam ir viver e trabalhar. O exemplo mais antigo de workhouse data de 1652 em Exeter, embora existam provas escritas da presen\u00E7a de institui\u00E7\u00F5es similares anteriores a essa data. Alguns documentos escritos referem uma workhouse em Abingdon por volta de 1631."@pt . . . "First to the Poorhouse and then to the grave"@en . . "240"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Sampson Kempthorne's cruciform design for a workhouse accommodating 300 paupers"@en . . . . . "Arbeitshaus"@de . . . . . . . . "Arbetshus"@sv . "Philanthropist William Rathbone, 1850"@en . "Workhouse"@en . "Workhouse"@es . "Workhouse"@fr . . . . . "When you have spent the little you made"@en . . "\u6D4E\u8D2B\u9662"@zh . . . "Anonymous verse from Yorkshire"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "22"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "25"^^ . "Een werkhuis was in Nederland oorspronkelijk een instelling opgericht om armoede en bedelarij het hoofd te bieden door werkeloze mensen min of meer vrijwillig aan het werk te zetten. Andere - verplichte - vormen van werkhuizen bestonden vroeger ook, namelijk het rasphuis (voor criminelen van het mannelijke geslacht) en het spinhuis (voor criminelen van het vrouwelijk geslacht). Dat waren voorlopers van de huidige gevangenissen. Daarnaast bestonden ook armenhuizen. Opname in een werkhuis gebeurde ook wel op verzoek van verwanten, of in geval van wezen op verzoek van de voogd."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062F\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644"@ar . 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"\u6551\u8CA7\u9662 (\u30EF\u30FC\u30AF\u30CF\u30A6\u30B9)"@ja . "\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0434\u043E\u043C"@ru . "From the Jewish point of view ... was the virtual impossibility of complying with the Jewish ritual requirements; the dietary laws could have been followed, if at all, only by virtual restriction to bread and water, and the observance of the Sabbath and Festivities was impossible."@en . . "Das Arbeitshaus stellte eines der wesentlichen Merkmale armenpolitischer Bem\u00FChungen seit der Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts dar: Dort sollten von Armut betroffene Menschen, vor allem Bettler, aufgenommen und damit aus der \u00D6ffentlichkeit entfernt werden. Nicht selten geh\u00F6rten deshalb verwahrloste Waisenkinder zu den Insassen, manchmal auch geistig Behinderte. Gleichzeitig nutzte man die Arbeitskraft dieser Menschen, indem sie sich der manufakturellen Produktionsweise, die unter anderem die Haupteinnahme des absolutistischen Staates bildete, zur Verf\u00FCgung stellen mussten. Die Umwandlung herumziehender Armer in wirtschaftlich verwendbare Untertanen sollte durch Methoden der Arbeitserziehung erreicht werden. Der Utilitarismus des aufkommenden Industriezeitalters stellte dann das Arbeitshaus im 19."@de . "Il termine inglese workhouse (in gallese: tloty) era il nome designato per indicare una istituzione totale dove quanti non erano in grado di supportarsi finanziariamente trovavano alloggio ed impiego. Erano note anche col nome di . Il primo utilizzo del termine workhouse risale al 1631, in un rapporto del sindaco di Abingdon dove si dichiara di aver realizzato una struttura per consentire ai poveri di vivere e lavorare. Le origini delle workhouses possono essere fatte risalire allo , col quale si tentava di far fronte alla mancanza di lavoro a seguito della peste nera in Inghilterra, restringendo i movimenti dei lavoratori e lasciando che lo stato si occupasse del sostentamento dei pi\u00F9 poveri. Ad ogni modo la disoccupazione di massa che segu\u00EC le guerre napoleoniche nel 1815, l'introduzione di nuove tecnologie per rimpiazzare i lavoratori agricoli in particolare e una serie di cattive annate di raccolto, costrinsero molti poveri a non sapere come provvedere alla loro esistenza. La tent\u00F2 di invertire questa rotta economica scoraggiando il governo ad aiutare quanti si rifiutassero di entrare nelle workhouses. L'opposizione ad entrare in queste istituzioni aveva iniziato a diffondersi da quando alcune autorit\u00E0 locali avevano pensato di sfruttare il lavoro gratuito di coloro che vi lavoravano per propri fini. Molti erano impiegati come spaccapietre o nella trituratura delle ossa per la produzione di fertilizzante naturale, o ancora nella raccolta della stoppa. Col proseguire del XIX secolo, le workhouses divennero sempre pi\u00F9 dei rifugi per persone anziane, inferme e malate piuttosto che per abili al lavoro di povere condizioni e nel 1929 venne varata una legge per la loro conversione in infermerie e ospedali municipali. Le workhouses vennero abolite formalmente solo nel 1930, ma de facto scomparvero solo con il passaggio del ."@it . . . "Arbetshus (engelska workhouse) var en anstalt d\u00E4r fattiga f\u00F6rs\u00F6rjdes och sattes i arbete."@sv . . . . . "In Britain, a workhouse (Welsh: tloty) was an institution where those unable to support themselves financially were offered accommodation and employment. (In Scotland, they were usually known as poorhouses.) The earliest known use of the term workhouse is from 1631, in an account by the mayor of Abingdon reporting that \"we have erected wthn [sic] our borough a workhouse to set poorer people to work\". The origins of the workhouse can be traced to the Statute of Cambridge 1388, which attempted to address the labour shortages following the Black Death in England by restricting the movement of labourers, and ultimately led to the state becoming responsible for the support of the poor. However, mass unemployment following the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, the introduction of new technology to replace agricultural workers in particular, and a series of bad harvests, meant that by the early 1830s the established system of poor relief was proving to be unsustainable. The New Poor Law of 1834 attempted to reverse the economic trend by discouraging the provision of relief to anyone who refused to enter a workhouse. Some Poor Law authorities hoped to run workhouses at a profit by utilising the free labour of their inmates. Most were employed on tasks such as breaking stones, crushing bones to produce fertiliser, or picking oakum using a large metal nail known as a spike. As the 19th century wore on, workhouses increasingly became refuges for the elderly, infirm, and sick rather than the able-bodied poor, and in 1929 legislation was passed to allow local authorities to take over workhouse infirmaries as municipal hospitals. Although workhouses were formally abolished by the same legislation in 1930, many continued under their new appellation of Public Assistance Institutions under the control of local authorities. It was not until the introduction of the National Assistance Act 1948 that the last vestiges of the Poor Law finally disappeared, and with them the workhouses."@en . . . . . . . . . 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"En la Historia del Reino Unido una workhouse era un lugar donde la gente pobre que no ten\u00EDa con qu\u00E9 subsistir pod\u00EDa ir a vivir y trabajar. Tambi\u00E9n se utilizaba para los ancianos que trabajaban. El ejemplo m\u00E1s antiguo de una workhouse data de 1672 en Exeggutor, aunque no existen evidencias escritas de la presencia de estas instituciones anteriores a esa fecha. Algunos documentos escritos hablan de una workhouse en Abingdon hacia 1634."@es . . 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"\u6D4E\u8D2B\u9662\uFF08workhouse\uFF09\u53C8\u79F0\u6551\u6D4E\u9662\u3001\u6551\u8D2B\u9662\u3001\u8D2B\u6C11\u9662\u3001\u6FDF\u8CA7\u5DE5\u5EE0\uFF0C\u662F\u4E3A\u7A77\u4EBA\u63D0\u4F9B\u5DE5\u4F5C\u548C\u5F31\u8005\u63D0\u4F9B\u751F\u8BA1\u7684\u673A\u6784\uFF0C\u8D77\u6E90\u4E8E\u300A\u4F0A\u4E3D\u838E\u767D\u6D4E\u8D2B\u6CD5\u300B\uFF08Elizabethan Poor Law\uFF09\u3002 \u6D4E\u8D2B\u9662\u5728\u82F1\u56FD\u548C\u7231\u5C14\u5170\u5F97\u5230\u9AD8\u5EA6\u53D1\u5C55\uFF0C\u5728\u5176\u4ED6\u6B27\u6D32\u56FD\u5BB6\u4E5F\u6709\u5C0F\u89C4\u6A21\u7684\u6D4E\u8D2B\u9662\uFF0C\u5982\u8377\u5170\u5728\u5168\u56FD\u8303\u56F4\u53EA\u6709\u4E09\u95F4\u5927\u7684\u6D4E\u8D2B\u9662\uFF0C\u800C1777\u5E74\u5355\u82F1\u56FD\u67F4\u90E1\u5C31\u670931\u95F4\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . "true"@en . . .