This HTML5 document contains 391 embedded RDF statements represented using HTML+Microdata notation.

The embedded RDF content will be recognized by any processor of HTML5 Microdata.

Namespace Prefixes

PrefixIRI
dbthttp://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:
n38http://bn.dbpedia.org/resource/
dbpedia-nohttp://no.dbpedia.org/resource/
n32http://gu.dbpedia.org/resource/
wikipedia-enhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
n31http://pa.dbpedia.org/resource/
dbrhttp://dbpedia.org/resource/
n16https://issforum.org/essays/PDF/
dbpedia-arhttp://ar.dbpedia.org/resource/
dbpedia-hehttp://he.dbpedia.org/resource/
n28http://ml.dbpedia.org/resource/
dbpedia-mrhttp://mr.dbpedia.org/resource/
n26http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/
n46http://dbpedia.org/resource/India_After_Gandhi:
dbpedia-frhttp://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/
n9http://te.dbpedia.org/resource/
n48http://www.idea.int/publications/dchs/upload/
dctermshttp://purl.org/dc/terms/
rdfshttp://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
n23http://www.newindianexpress.com/galleries/nation/2018/jun/25/
n19http://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/
rdfhttp://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
n25http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Emergency:
n21http://dbpedia.org/resource/File:
dbphttp://dbpedia.org/property/
n39http://ur.dbpedia.org/resource/
xsdhhttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
n17https://web.archive.org/web/20050527184750/http:/www.ahrchk.net/pub/mainfile.php/mof/
dbpedia-idhttp://id.dbpedia.org/resource/
n30https://www.jstor.org/stable/
n50https://www.quora.com/profile/
dbohttp://dbpedia.org/ontology/
n34http://dbpedia.org/resource/India:
dbchttp://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:
dbpedia-dehttp://de.dbpedia.org/resource/
dbpedia-ruhttp://ru.dbpedia.org/resource/
n47http://ta.dbpedia.org/resource/
wikidatahttp://www.wikidata.org/entity/
yago-reshttp://yago-knowledge.org/resource/
n35https://global.dbpedia.org/id/
n42http://kn.dbpedia.org/resource/
n24http://hi.dbpedia.org/resource/
dbpedia-ithttp://it.dbpedia.org/resource/
provhttp://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
n10http://static.history.state.gov/frus/frus1969-76ve08/pdf/
foafhttp://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
n33http://www.ahrchk.net/pub/mainfile.php/mof/
dbpedia-zhhttp://zh.dbpedia.org/resource/
dbpedia-kohttp://ko.dbpedia.org/resource/
freebasehttp://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
owlhttp://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#

Statements

Subject Item
dbr:The_Emergency_(India)
rdf:type
owl:Thing
rdfs:label
Masa Darurat (India) Stato d'emergenza in India The Emergency (India) 비상사태 (인도) État d'urgence (Inde) Ausnahmezustand in Indien 1975–1977 Чрезвычайное положение в Индии (1975—1977) 紧急状态 (印度) حالة الطوارئ (الهند)
rdfs:comment
印度紧急状态(the Emergency)是指印度在1975年至1977年间,持续21个月的紧急状态。时任印度总理英迪拉·甘地决定在全国范围内实施紧急状态,由总统法赫鲁丁·阿里·艾哈迈德因“内乱”(internal disturbance)而根据《印度宪法》第352条正式发布,后被内阁及议会追认。紧急状态从1975年6月25日开始生效,直到1977年3月21日撤销。 紧急状态时期,印度总理被赋予极大权力,得暂停选举及限制公民自由。紧急状态期间,英迪拉·甘地的大多数政治反对者被长期监禁,新闻界受到审查。紧急状态期间还发生了其他侵犯人权的事件,包括由总理的儿子桑贾伊·甘地带头发起的大规模强迫绝育运动。紧急状态是印度独立后历史上最具争议的时期之一。 Чрезвычайное положение в Индии (хинди आपातकाल (भारत); англ. The Emergency (India)) — авторитарное правление Индиры Ганди и Индийского национального конгресса с июня 1975 по март 1977 года. Имело целью подавление политической оппозиции и массового недовольства в стране, укрепление властных позиций ИНК и его лидера. Характеризовалось отменой конституционных гарантий, запретом оппозиционных организаций, цензурой СМИ, политическими репрессиями, резким ужесточением социальной политики. Завершилось поражением ИНК на парламентских выборах и приходом к власти оппозиционной коалиции. L'état d'urgence du 25 juin 1975 au 21 mars 1977 est la période de 21 mois pendant laquelle le président Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, sur la recommandation de la Première ministre Indira Gandhi, a mis en application l'article 352 de la Constitution et proclamé l'état d'urgence en Inde, suspendant ainsi les libertés publiques et les élections. Il s'agit de la période la plus controversée de l'histoire récente de l'Inde. في الهند، تشير «حالة الطوارئ» إلى الفترة التي استمرت 21 شهرًا منذ عام 1975 وحتى عام 1977 حين أعلنت رئيسة الوزراء أنديرا غاندي حالة الطوارئ في مختلف أنحاء البلاد. صدرت حالة الطوارئ رسميًا عن الرئيس فخر الدين علي أحمد بموجب المادة 352 من الدستور بسبب «الاضطراب الداخلي» السائد، فبقيت سارية منذ 25 يونيو عام 1975 وحتى إلغائها في 21 مارس عام 1977. منح الأمرُ رئيسة الوزراء سلطة الحكم بمرسوم، وأجاز تعليق الانتخابات وكبح الحريات المدنية. خلال قسم كبير من حالة الطوارئ هذه، سُجن أغلب معارضي غاندي السياسيين وخضعت الصحافة للرقابة. سُجلت عدة انتهاكات أخرى لحقوق الإنسان منذ ذلك الحين، بما في ذلك حملة تعقيم إجبارية جماعية قادها سانجاي غاندي ابن رئيسة الوزراء. حالة الطوارئ هي واحدة من أكثر الفترات إثارة للجدل في تاريخ الهند المستقلة. Di India, "Masa Darurat" merujuk kepada periode 21 bulan dari 1975 sampai 1977 saat Perdana Menteri Indira Gandhi mendeklarasikan di seluruh negeri. Resmi dikeluarkan oleh Presiden Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed di bawah Artikel 352(1) dari Konstitusi karena "gangguan dalam negeri", Masa Darurat tersebut berlaku dari 25 Juni 1975 sampai pengangkatannya pada 21 Maretn 1977. Perintah tersebut dilayangkan dari Perdana Menteri kepada otoritas melalui , membolehkan pemilihan-pemilihan ditunda dan kebebasan sipil dibelenggu. Selama sebagian besar Masa Darurat, kebanyakan lawan politik Gandhi ditahan dan pers disensor. Beberapa pelanggaran HAM lain dikabarkan pada masa itu, termasuk kampanye sterilisasi massal paksa yang dinaungi oleh Sanjay Gandhi, putra Perdana Menteri tersebut. Masa Darat tersebut adal Am 25. Juni 1975 ließ Premierministerin Indira Gandhi den Ausnahmezustand in Indien proklamieren (englisch unter dem Begriff The Emergency bekannt). Der Ausnahmezustand bestand über 21 Monate bis zum 21. März 1977. In dieser Zeit waren die Grundrechte wie Pressefreiheit aufgehoben oder eingeschränkt, zahlreiche Oppositionelle wurden inhaftiert und die Premierministerin regierte weitgehend per Dekret. Die Zeit des Ausnahmezustandes zählt zu den am kontroversesten diskutierten Perioden der neueren indischen Geschichte.Bei der im März 1977 durchgeführten Parlamentswahl erlitt die von Indira Gandhi geführte Kongresspartei eine schwere Niederlage, die erste größere in ihrer Geschichte, was das Ende des Ausnahmezustandes bedeutete. 비상사태(the Emergency)는 인도의 역사에서 인디라 간디 수상이 일방적으로 국가비상사태를 선포한 1975년 6월 25일부터 1977년 3월 21일까지의 21개월을 가리킨다. 이에 따라 선거가 연기되고 시민자유가 제한되었다. 비상사태 기간 동안 간디의 정치적 반대자들은 대부분 투옥되었고 언론은 검열되었다. 사실상의 친위 쿠데타로, 인도 현대사에서 가장 논쟁적인 주제이기도 하다. The Emergency in India was a 21-month period from 1975 to 1977 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had a state of emergency declared across the country. Officially issued by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed under Article 352 of the Constitution because of prevailing "internal disturbance", the Emergency was in effect from 25 June 1975 to its withdrawal on 21 March 1977. The order bestowed upon the Prime Minister the authority to rule by decree, allowing elections to be cancelled and civil liberties to be suspended. For much of the Emergency, most of Gandhi's political opponents were imprisoned and the press was censored. Several other human rights violations were reported from the time, including a mass campaign for vasectomy spearheaded by her son Sanjay Gandhi. The Emergency is one of the mo
rdfs:seeAlso
dbr:State_of_Uttar_Pradesh_v._Raj_Narain
foaf:depiction
n26:Jayaprakash_Narayan_2001_stamp_of_India.jpg n26:Indira_Gandhi_1977.jpg
dcterms:subject
dbc:Enforced_disappearances dbc:Collective_punishment dbc:Political_repression dbc:1977_in_India dbc:History_of_the_Indian_National_Congress dbc:History_of_the_Republic_of_India dbc:Torture dbc:Human_rights_abuses_in_India dbc:The_Emergency_(India) dbc:Censorship_in_India dbc:1976_in_India dbc:Crimes_against_humanity dbc:1975_in_India dbc:Totalitarianism dbc:Indian_National_Congress dbc:Censorship dbc:Politics_of_India dbc:Police_brutality_in_India dbc:Indira_Gandhi_administration dbc:Forced_migration dbc:Police_misconduct_in_India
dbo:wikiPageID
1660219
dbo:wikiPageRevisionID
1122152588
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
dbr:Rajya_Sabha_Chairman dbc:Collective_punishment dbc:Enforced_disappearances dbr:Shiromani_Gurdwara_Prabandhak_Committee dbr:Nehru–Gandhi_family dbr:Bihar dbr:India dbr:Compulsory_sterilization dbr:Hazaaron_Khwaishein_Aisi dbr:Mary_C._Carras dbr:Shashi_Tharoor dbr:Censorship dbr:Rich_Like_Us dbr:Vinoba_Bhave dbr:International_Film_Festival_of_Kerala dbr:Piravi dbr:Sanjay_Gandhi dbr:Old_Delhi dbr:Pallavas dbr:The_Great_Indian_Novel dbr:Subhash_C._Kashyap dbr:Chinese_Mugwort dbr:Twenty-fourth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India dbr:Chief_Minister_of_Kerala dbr:Yathra dbr:Janata_Party dbr:Fascism dbr:Sudhir_Mishra dbr:R._C._Unnithan dbr:Jivatram_Kripalani dbr:Oxford_University_Press dbr:State_of_Emergency dbc:Political_repression dbr:Balu_Mahendra dbr:Kissa_Kursi_Ka dbr:Subramanian_Swamy dbr:Naxalite dbr:Government_of_India dbr:Indian_Railways dbr:Christophe_Jaffrelot dbr:Yann_Martel dbr:Tamil_language dbr:Odisha_Chief_Minister dbc:1977_in_India dbr:Conservation_of_Foreign_Exchange_and_Prevention_of_Smuggling_Activities_Act,_1974 dbr:Habeas_corpus dbr:Political_prisoner dbr:Chasnala_mining_disaster dbr:All_India_Trade_Union_Congress dbr:Supreme_Court_of_India dbr:Government_Kalidas_Girls_College,_Ujjain dbr:Doordarshan dbr:Frank_Anthony dbr:All_India_Radio dbr:Khushwant_Singh dbr:Sikhism dbc:History_of_the_Republic_of_India dbr:Centre_of_Indian_Trade_Unions dbr:History_of_the_Republic_of_India dbr:Bollywood dbr:Documentary_film dbr:Shabana_Azmi dbr:Kesavananda_Bharati_v._State_of_Kerala dbr:Sarpatta_Parambarai dbr:Presidential_system dbc:History_of_the_Indian_National_Congress dbr:Lalit_Narayan_Mishra dbr:East_Pakistan dbc:Torture dbr:Jagmohanlal_Sinha dbr:CPI(M) n21:Jayaprakash_Narayan_2001_stamp_of_India.jpg dbr:Coomi_Kapoor dbr:Emergency dbr:Judicial_review dbr:Madan_Lal_Khurana dbr:Ariel_Dorfman dbc:Human_rights_abuses_in_India dbr:A_Fine_Balance dbr:Allahabad_High_Court dbr:Cambridge_University_Press n25:_A_Personal_History dbr:Satyajit_Ray dbr:21_Months_of_Hell dbr:The_Financial_Express_(India) dbr:Basic_structure dbr:Yamagola dbr:Bharat_Ratna dbr:Ponneelan dbr:Shala_(film) dbr:Jayaprakash_Narayan dbr:Baroda_dynamite_case dbr:Atul_Kohli dbr:Nanaji_Deshmukh dbr:1971_Indian_general_election dbr:Salman_Rushdie dbr:Vijayaraje_Scindia dbr:Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh dbr:B._G._Verghese dbr:Prime_Minister_of_India dbc:The_Emergency_(India) dbc:Censorship_in_India dbr:Civil_liberties dbr:Amnesty_International dbr:Aandhi dbr:D._K._Barooah dbr:Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee dbr:Hirak_Rajar_Deshe dbr:Pinarayi_Vijayan dbr:Shiromani_Akali_Dal dbc:1976_in_India dbr:Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam dbr:Akhil_Bharatiya_Vidyarthi_Parishad dbc:Crimes_against_humanity dbc:1975_in_India dbr:Dearness_allowance dbr:Cabinet_of_India dbr:Rahi_Masoom_Raza dbc:Totalitarianism dbr:Maintenance_of_Internal_Security_Act dbr:C._Achutha_Menon dbr:Reserve_Bank_of_India dbr:M._Mukundan dbr:Kerala dbr:Forty-second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India dbr:Midnight's_Children dbr:S._S._Gill n34:_A_Wounded_Civilization dbr:Malayalam_language dbr:Lal_Krishna_Advani dbr:Jagmohan dbr:Chandra_Shekhar dbr:Yashpal_Kapoor dbr:Chimanbhai_Patel dbr:Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India n21:Indira_Gandhi_1977.jpg dbr:Gulzar dbr:Thirty-eighth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India dbr:K._S._Hegde dbc:Indian_National_Congress dbr:Indian_Constitution dbr:Garibi_Hatao dbr:Canada dbr:Gujarat dbr:Bangladesh dbr:Indian_Telephone_Industries_Limited dbr:The_Five_Dollar_Smile_and_Other_Stories dbr:Mahatma_Gandhi dbr:Dalits dbr:Shah_Commission dbr:West_Bengal dbc:Censorship dbr:The_Economist dbr:J._R._D._Tata dbr:Golaknath_case dbr:Rule_by_decree dbr:Andhra_Pradesh dbr:All-India_Congress_Committee dbr:Rohinton_Mistry dbr:A._N._Ray dbr:Kerala_High_Court dbr:Lok_Parlok dbr:Lok_Sabha dbr:Klieman,_Aaron_S. dbc:Politics_of_India dbr:Amritsar dbr:Vidya_Charan_Shukla dbr:State_of_emergency dbr:1973_oil_crisis dbr:Life_of_Pi dbr:Sitaram_Yechury dbr:T._V._Sathyamurthy dbr:Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist) dbr:Narendra_Modi dbr:Defence_of_India_Rules_1962 dbr:Bansi_Lal dbr:P._N._Haksar dbr:Gandhian dbc:Police_brutality_in_India dbr:P._N._Dhar dbr:Rae_Bareli_(Lok_Sabha_constituency) dbr:Kishore_Kumar dbr:Inder_Malhotra dbr:Morarji_Desai dbr:Durga_Das_Basu dbr:Mohan_Dharia dbr:Defence_of_India_act_and_Defence_of_India_rules,_1962 dbr:Kanchipuram dbr:Durga dbr:Delhi_Gadhakal dbr:Malayalam_film dbr:Chief_Minister_of_West_Bengal dbr:President's_Rule dbr:Indira_Gandhi dbr:Tamil_Nadu dbr:Malayalam dbr:Where_the_mind_is_without_fear dbr:Human_rights_violations dbr:V._R._Krishna_Iyer dbr:Parliament_of_India dbr:Checks_and_balances dbr:V._S._Achuthanandan dbr:Orient_Blackswan dbr:Slum dbr:Rabindranath_Tagore dbr:Ultra_vires dbc:Indira_Gandhi_administration dbr:Constitution_of_India dbr:The_Case_That_Shook_India dbr:Null_and_void dbr:Delhi_Development_Authority dbr:Minister_of_Defence_(India) dbr:Charan_Singh dbr:Arun_Jaitley dbr:Ramachandra_Guha n46:_The_History_of_the_World's_Largest_Democracy dbr:Privy_Purse_in_India dbr:Prakash_Karat dbr:Jawaharlal_Nehru_University dbr:National_Institute_of_Technology_Calicut dbr:Prime_Minister's_Office_(India) dbr:Rukhsana_Sultana dbr:The_Times dbr:Jama_Masjid,_Delhi dbr:Such_a_Long_Journey_(novel) dbr:Bipan_Chandra dbr:Partha_Chatterjee_(scholar) dbr:Municipal_Corporation_of_Delhi dbr:Jai_Kishan_Gupta dbr:Turkman_gate_demolition_and_rioting dbr:Midnight's_Children_(film) dbr:Jyotirmoy_Basu dbr:Jamaat-e-Islami_Hind dbr:Shanti_Bhushan dbr:V._S._Naipaul dbr:Indu_Sarkar dbr:I._S._Johar dbr:Indian_Express dbc:Forced_migration dbr:North_Delhi_Municipal_Corporation dbr:International_Film_Festival_of_India dbr:Indian_National_Congress dbr:Indian_National_Congress_(Organisation) dbr:Indian_National_Congress_(R) dbr:Hind_Mazdoor_Sabha dbr:Ayesha_Jalal dbr:1977_Indian_general_election dbr:Death_and_the_Maiden_(play) dbr:Chief_Justice_of_India dbr:Arun_Shourie dbr:Siddhartha_Shankar_Ray dbr:Nav_Nirman dbr:Balasaheb_Deoras dbr:Madhur_Bhandarkar dbc:Police_misconduct_in_India dbr:Nayantara_Sahgal dbr:HarperCollins dbr:Parsi dbr:Kuldip_Nayar dbr:Uttar_Pradesh dbr:Indian_National_Trade_Union_Congress dbr:Booker_Prize dbr:Vasectomy dbr:Torit_Mitra dbr:Nandini_Satpathy dbr:Corporatism dbr:President's_rule dbr:Gayatri_Devi dbr:Patna_High_Court dbr:Labor_union dbr:Raj_Narain dbr:President_of_India dbr:Rajan_case dbr:Jaishanker_Manilal_Shelat dbr:Nasbandi dbr:Personality_cult dbr:Fakhruddin_Ali_Ahmed dbr:The_Times_of_India
dbo:wikiPageExternalLink
n10:d204.pdf n16:E175.pdf n19:viewcontent.cgi%3Farticle=1374&context=mjil n23:this-is-how-express-stood-up-to-the-emergency-declared-by-indira-gandhi-in-1975-101601.html n30:2150338 n33: n17: n48:dchs_vol2_sec4_1.pdf n50:Ramachandran-Vaidyanath
owl:sameAs
n9:భారత_అత్యవసర_స్థితి dbpedia-ru:Чрезвычайное_положение_в_Индии_(1975—1977) dbpedia-zh:紧急状态_(印度) dbpedia-de:Ausnahmezustand_in_Indien_1975–1977 yago-res:The_Emergency_(India) dbpedia-ar:حالة_الطوارئ_(الهند) dbpedia-it:Stato_d'emergenza_in_India dbpedia-ko:비상사태_(인도) n24:आपातकाल_(भारत) dbpedia-fr:État_d'urgence_(Inde) n28:ഇന്ത്യയിലെ_അടിയന്തരാവസ്ഥ_(1975) dbpedia-no:Unntakstilstanden_(India) n31:ਐਮਰਜੈਂਸੀ_(ਭਾਰਤ) n32:કટોકટી_કાળ_(ભારત) n35:2YUen dbpedia-mr:आणीबाणी_(भारत) n38:ভারতে_জরুরি_অবস্থা_(১৯৭৫-১৯৭৭) n39:ایمرجنسی_(بھارت) freebase:m.05lfr2 dbpedia-id:Masa_Darurat_(India) n42:ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿ_ತುರ್ತು_ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿ wikidata:Q2726232 n47:நெருக்கடி_நிலை_(இந்தியா) dbpedia-he:מצב_החירום_בהודו
dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate
dbt:More_citations_needed dbt:More_citations_needed_section dbt:The_Emergency_(India) dbt:Unreferenced_section dbt:Rp dbt:Use_dmy_dates dbt:Use_Indian_English dbt:POV_statement dbt:Citation_needed dbt:Main dbt:Webarchive dbt:See_also dbt:Wikiquote dbt:Quote_box dbt:Short_description dbt:ISBN dbt:Blockquote dbt:' dbt:Reflist
dbo:thumbnail
n26:Indira_Gandhi_1977.jpg?width=300
dbp:date
2005-05-27
dbp:quote
Indira is India, India is Indira.
dbp:source
— Congress president D. K. Barooah, c. 1974
dbp:url
n17:
dbp:width
25
dbo:abstract
비상사태(the Emergency)는 인도의 역사에서 인디라 간디 수상이 일방적으로 국가비상사태를 선포한 1975년 6월 25일부터 1977년 3월 21일까지의 21개월을 가리킨다. 이에 따라 선거가 연기되고 시민자유가 제한되었다. 비상사태 기간 동안 간디의 정치적 반대자들은 대부분 투옥되었고 언론은 검열되었다. 사실상의 친위 쿠데타로, 인도 현대사에서 가장 논쟁적인 주제이기도 하다. في الهند، تشير «حالة الطوارئ» إلى الفترة التي استمرت 21 شهرًا منذ عام 1975 وحتى عام 1977 حين أعلنت رئيسة الوزراء أنديرا غاندي حالة الطوارئ في مختلف أنحاء البلاد. صدرت حالة الطوارئ رسميًا عن الرئيس فخر الدين علي أحمد بموجب المادة 352 من الدستور بسبب «الاضطراب الداخلي» السائد، فبقيت سارية منذ 25 يونيو عام 1975 وحتى إلغائها في 21 مارس عام 1977. منح الأمرُ رئيسة الوزراء سلطة الحكم بمرسوم، وأجاز تعليق الانتخابات وكبح الحريات المدنية. خلال قسم كبير من حالة الطوارئ هذه، سُجن أغلب معارضي غاندي السياسيين وخضعت الصحافة للرقابة. سُجلت عدة انتهاكات أخرى لحقوق الإنسان منذ ذلك الحين، بما في ذلك حملة تعقيم إجبارية جماعية قادها سانجاي غاندي ابن رئيسة الوزراء. حالة الطوارئ هي واحدة من أكثر الفترات إثارة للجدل في تاريخ الهند المستقلة. اقترحت أنديرا غاندي القرار النهائي بفرض حالة طوارئ، ووافق عليه رئيس الهند، وصدّق عليه بعد ذلك مجلس الوزراء والبرلمان (منذ يوليو وحتى أغسطس من عام 1975)، استنادًا إلى الأساس المنطقي بوجود تهديدات داخلية وخارجية وشيكة للدولة الهندية. Di India, "Masa Darurat" merujuk kepada periode 21 bulan dari 1975 sampai 1977 saat Perdana Menteri Indira Gandhi mendeklarasikan di seluruh negeri. Resmi dikeluarkan oleh Presiden Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed di bawah Artikel 352(1) dari Konstitusi karena "gangguan dalam negeri", Masa Darurat tersebut berlaku dari 25 Juni 1975 sampai pengangkatannya pada 21 Maretn 1977. Perintah tersebut dilayangkan dari Perdana Menteri kepada otoritas melalui , membolehkan pemilihan-pemilihan ditunda dan kebebasan sipil dibelenggu. Selama sebagian besar Masa Darurat, kebanyakan lawan politik Gandhi ditahan dan pers disensor. Beberapa pelanggaran HAM lain dikabarkan pada masa itu, termasuk kampanye sterilisasi massal paksa yang dinaungi oleh Sanjay Gandhi, putra Perdana Menteri tersebut. Masa Darat tersebut adalah periode paling kontroversial dalam . Dokumen-dokumen yang muncul pada beberapa tahun lampau mengindikasikan bahwa Indira Gandhi berencana untuk memasang masa darurat tersebut hanya secara temporer untuk beberapa masa sampai kekerasan yang memuncak di negara tersebut meredam. 印度紧急状态(the Emergency)是指印度在1975年至1977年间,持续21个月的紧急状态。时任印度总理英迪拉·甘地决定在全国范围内实施紧急状态,由总统法赫鲁丁·阿里·艾哈迈德因“内乱”(internal disturbance)而根据《印度宪法》第352条正式发布,后被内阁及议会追认。紧急状态从1975年6月25日开始生效,直到1977年3月21日撤销。 紧急状态时期,印度总理被赋予极大权力,得暂停选举及限制公民自由。紧急状态期间,英迪拉·甘地的大多数政治反对者被长期监禁,新闻界受到审查。紧急状态期间还发生了其他侵犯人权的事件,包括由总理的儿子桑贾伊·甘地带头发起的大规模强迫绝育运动。紧急状态是印度独立后历史上最具争议的时期之一。 The Emergency in India was a 21-month period from 1975 to 1977 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had a state of emergency declared across the country. Officially issued by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed under Article 352 of the Constitution because of prevailing "internal disturbance", the Emergency was in effect from 25 June 1975 to its withdrawal on 21 March 1977. The order bestowed upon the Prime Minister the authority to rule by decree, allowing elections to be cancelled and civil liberties to be suspended. For much of the Emergency, most of Gandhi's political opponents were imprisoned and the press was censored. Several other human rights violations were reported from the time, including a mass campaign for vasectomy spearheaded by her son Sanjay Gandhi. The Emergency is one of the most controversial periods of Indian history since its independence. The final decision to impose an emergency was proposed by Indira Gandhi, agreed upon by the President of India, and ratified by the Cabinet and the Parliament from July to August 1975. It was based on the rationale that there were imminent internal and external threats to the Indian state. Чрезвычайное положение в Индии (хинди आपातकाल (भारत); англ. The Emergency (India)) — авторитарное правление Индиры Ганди и Индийского национального конгресса с июня 1975 по март 1977 года. Имело целью подавление политической оппозиции и массового недовольства в стране, укрепление властных позиций ИНК и его лидера. Характеризовалось отменой конституционных гарантий, запретом оппозиционных организаций, цензурой СМИ, политическими репрессиями, резким ужесточением социальной политики. Завершилось поражением ИНК на парламентских выборах и приходом к власти оппозиционной коалиции. Am 25. Juni 1975 ließ Premierministerin Indira Gandhi den Ausnahmezustand in Indien proklamieren (englisch unter dem Begriff The Emergency bekannt). Der Ausnahmezustand bestand über 21 Monate bis zum 21. März 1977. In dieser Zeit waren die Grundrechte wie Pressefreiheit aufgehoben oder eingeschränkt, zahlreiche Oppositionelle wurden inhaftiert und die Premierministerin regierte weitgehend per Dekret. Die Zeit des Ausnahmezustandes zählt zu den am kontroversesten diskutierten Perioden der neueren indischen Geschichte.Bei der im März 1977 durchgeführten Parlamentswahl erlitt die von Indira Gandhi geführte Kongresspartei eine schwere Niederlage, die erste größere in ihrer Geschichte, was das Ende des Ausnahmezustandes bedeutete. L'état d'urgence du 25 juin 1975 au 21 mars 1977 est la période de 21 mois pendant laquelle le président Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, sur la recommandation de la Première ministre Indira Gandhi, a mis en application l'article 352 de la Constitution et proclamé l'état d'urgence en Inde, suspendant ainsi les libertés publiques et les élections. Il s'agit de la période la plus controversée de l'histoire récente de l'Inde.
prov:wasDerivedFrom
wikipedia-en:The_Emergency_(India)?oldid=1122152588&ns=0
dbo:wikiPageLength
81970
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf
wikipedia-en:The_Emergency_(India)