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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Symbolic_artificial_intelligence>	<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment>	"L'intelligenza artificiale simbolica indica i metodi nella ricerca sull'intelligenza artificiale che si basano su rappresentazioni di problemi \"simboliche\" di (leggibili dall'uomo), logica e ricerca. L'IA simbolica \u00E8 stata il paradigma dominante della ricerca sull'IA dalla met\u00E0 degli anni '50 fino alla fine degli anni '80."@it .
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John Haugeland) \u0434\u0430\u043B \u0441\u0438\u043C\u0432\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0418\u0418 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 GOFAI (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Intelligence, \u00AB\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044B\u0439 \u0434\u043E\u0431\u0440\u044B\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u043B\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u00BB) \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435\u0439 \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0435 Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea, \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0432\u044F\u0449\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u043B\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0430. \u0412 \u0440\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D GOFAIR (\u00AB\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044B\u0439 \u0434\u043E\u0431\u0440\u044B\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u043B\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0435\u00BB). \u041D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0448\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043C\u0432\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0418\u0418 \u2014 \u044D\u0442\u043E \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B, \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0443\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0443\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u044F\u044E\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043C\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044B \u0432 \u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043F\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u00AB\u0435\u0441\u043B\u0438-\u0442\u043E\u00BB. \u042D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430, \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044F \u044D\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0430, \u0434\u0435\u043B\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044B\u0432\u043E\u0434\u044B \u0438 \u043E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442, \u043A\u0430\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0434\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0438\u043D\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0435\u0439 \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043C\u0430, \u0442\u043E \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043A\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0432\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u044B, \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u044F \u0447\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043C\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044B."@ru .
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Symbolic_artificial_intelligence>	<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract>	"Inteligencia artificial simb\u00F3lica es el nombre colectivo para todos los m\u00E9todos de investigaci\u00F3n de la inteligencia artificial que se basan en representaciones de alto nivel \"simb\u00F3lico\" de los problemas, la l\u00F3gica matem\u00E1tica y la b\u00FAsqueda. IA simb\u00F3lica fue el paradigma dominante de la investigaci\u00F3n en IA desde mediados de los cincuenta hasta finales de los a\u00F1os ochenta. Despu\u00E9s, se introdujeron enfoques sub-simb\u00F3licos m\u00E1s recientes a la IA, basado en redes neuronales, estad\u00EDstica, optimizaci\u00F3n num\u00E9rica y otras t\u00E9cnicas. La IA simb\u00F3lica se sigue aplicando en algunos dominios m\u00E1s peque\u00F1os (como la representaci\u00F3n del conocimiento), pero la mayor\u00EDa de las aplicaciones de IA en el siglo XXI no emplean s\u00EDmbolos legibles como sus objetos primarios. dio el nombre GOFAI (por sus siglas en ingl\u00E9s, Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Intelligence) a la IA simb\u00F3lica en su libro de 1985 Inteligencia Artificial: La Idea Pura, que explor\u00F3 las implicaciones filos\u00F3ficas de la investigaci\u00F3n de la inteligencia artificial. En rob\u00F3tica el t\u00E9rmino an\u00E1logo es GOFAIR (por sus siglas en ingl\u00E9s, \"Good Old-Fashioned Robotics\"). Este enfoque se basa en la suposici\u00F3n de que muchos aspectos de la inteligencia se pueden lograr mediante la manipulaci\u00F3n de s\u00EDmbolos, un supuesto definido como la \"\" por Allen Newell y Herbert A. Simon a mediados de los a\u00F1os 60\u2019s: La forma m\u00E1s exitosa de la IA simb\u00F3lica son los sistemas expertos, los cuales utilizan una red de . Las normas de producci\u00F3n conectan s\u00EDmbolos en una relaci\u00F3n similar a una instrucci\u00F3n \u201CSi-Entonces\u201D (If-Then). El sistema experto procesa las reglas para hacer deducciones y determinar qu\u00E9 informaci\u00F3n adicional se necesita, por ejemplo, qu\u00E9 preguntas hacer, usando simbolog\u00EDa legible para el ser humano. Los opositores a la aproximaci\u00F3n simb\u00F3lica incluyen a expertos en rob\u00F3tica como Rodney Brooks, quien tiene como objetivo producir robots aut\u00F3nomos sin representaci\u00F3n simb\u00F3lica (o con s\u00F3lo una m\u00EDnima representaci\u00F3n) y los investigadores de inteligencia computacional, que aplican t\u00E9cnicas como las redes neuronales y optimizaci\u00F3n para resolver problemas en el aprendizaje autom\u00E1tico y la ingenier\u00EDa de control. La IA simb\u00F3lica estaba destinada a producir inteligencia similar a la humana en una m\u00E1quina, mientras que la mayor parte de la investigaci\u00F3n moderna se dirige a subproblemas espec\u00EDficos. La investigaci\u00F3n sobre la inteligencia general est\u00E1 en estudio del subcampo llamado Inteligencia Artificial General."@es .
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