. . "Speculum metal"@en . . . . . . . . . "\u30B9\u30DA\u30AD\u30E5\u30E9\u30E0\u5408\u91D1\uFF08\u30B9\u30DA\u30AD\u30E5\u30E9\u30E0\u3054\u3046\u304D\u3093\u3001\u82F1\uFF1ASpeculum metal\uFF09\u306F\u30B9\u30BA\u306E\u6210\u5206\u6BD4\u304C40%\u7A0B\u5EA6\u3068\u591A\u3044\u3001\u9285-\u30B9\u30BA\u5408\u91D1\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u53CD\u5C04\u671B\u9060\u93E1\u306E\u53CD\u5C04\u93E1\u306E\u6750\u6599\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4F7F\u7528\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002 \u9285-\u30B9\u30BA\u306E\u5408\u91D1\u306F\u4E00\u822C\u7684\u306B\u9752\u9285\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u304C\u3001\u73FE\u5728\u3067\u306F\u5B9F\u7528\u5408\u91D1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306E\u30B9\u30BA\u306E\u6210\u5206\u6BD4\u306F\u300110%\u7A0B\u5EA6\u307E\u3067\u306E\u3082\u306E\u304C\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002\u9285-\u30B9\u30BA\u5408\u91D1\u306E\u7D44\u7E54\u306F\u3001\u30B9\u30BA\u306E\u6210\u5206\u6BD4\u304C\u591A\u304F\u306A\u308B\u3068\u3001\u9285\u306E\u6210\u5206\u6BD4\u304C80at%\u306E\u03B4\u76F8\uFF08Cu4Sn\uFF09\u300175at%\u306E\u03B5\u76F8\uFF08Cu3Sn\uFF09\u300154.5at%\u306E\u03B7\u76F8\uFF08Cu6Sn5\uFF09\u306A\u3069\u306E\u91D1\u5C5E\u9593\u5316\u5408\u7269\u76F8\u304C\u73FE\u308C\u308B\u3002\u91D1\u5C5E\u9593\u5316\u5408\u7269\u306E\u5B58\u5728\u304C\u3001\u30AC\u30E9\u30B9\u306B\u6BD4\u3079\u3066\u7A7A\u6C17\u4E2D\u306E\u6C34\u5206\u3092\u5438\u7740\u3057\u306B\u304F\u304F\u66C7\u308A\u306B\u304F\u3044\u6027\u8CEA\u3092\u3082\u305F\u3089\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304B\u3089\u3001\u53CD\u5C04\u93E1\u306E\u6750\u6599\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9078\u3070\u308C\u305F\u3068\u601D\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3002\u6027\u80FD\u3092\u4E0A\u3052\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u30D2\u7D20\u304C\u6DFB\u52A0\u3055\u308C\u305F\u304C\u3001\u9178\u5316\u306B\u3088\u308B\u53CD\u5C04\u7387\u306E\u4F4E\u4E0B\u304C\u307F\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3084\u3001\u3082\u3068\u3082\u3068\u9285\u5408\u91D1\u304C\u30A2\u30EB\u30DF\u30CB\u30A6\u30E0\u306A\u3069\u306B\u6BD4\u3079\u3066\u53CD\u5C04\u7387\u304C\u9AD8\u304F\u306A\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304B\u3089\u3001\u305D\u306E\u5F8C\u306B\u53CD\u5C04\u671B\u9060\u93E1\u306E\u6750\u6599\u306F\u30AC\u30E9\u30B9\u306B\u9280\u3081\u3063\u304D\u3001\u307E\u305F\u306F\u30A2\u30EB\u30DF\u30CB\u30A6\u30E0\u306E\u3081\u3063\u304D\u306B\u30B3\u30FC\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30B0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65B9\u6CD5\u306B\u5909\u308F\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304F\u3002 \u6A5F\u68B0\u7684\u306A\u6027\u8CEA\u306F\u786C\u304F\u3066\u3082\u308D\u3044\u5408\u91D1\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u6700\u8FD1\u306F\u3001\u91D1\u5C5E\u30A2\u30EC\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u306E\u539F\u56E0\u3067\u3042\u308B\u30CB\u30C3\u30B1\u30EB\u3081\u3063\u304D\u306E\u4EE3\u66FF\u76AE\u819C\u3084\u3001\u30EA\u30C1\u30A6\u30E0\u30A4\u30AA\u30F3\u96FB\u6C60\u306E\u65B0\u3057\u3044\u8CA0\u6975\u6750\u6599\u3068\u3057\u3066\u518D\u5EA6\u7740\u76EE\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "El metall de miralls \u00E9s un bronze constitu\u00EFt per un 67 % de coure i un 33 % d'estany. S'empr\u00E0 per fabricar-hi miralls esf\u00E8rics i parab\u00F2lics dels telescopis reflectors."@ca . . . . . . "\u0421\u043F\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u0443\u043C"@uk . . . "\u30B9\u30DA\u30AD\u30E5\u30E9\u30E0\u5408\u91D1\uFF08\u30B9\u30DA\u30AD\u30E5\u30E9\u30E0\u3054\u3046\u304D\u3093\u3001\u82F1\uFF1ASpeculum metal\uFF09\u306F\u30B9\u30BA\u306E\u6210\u5206\u6BD4\u304C40%\u7A0B\u5EA6\u3068\u591A\u3044\u3001\u9285-\u30B9\u30BA\u5408\u91D1\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u53CD\u5C04\u671B\u9060\u93E1\u306E\u53CD\u5C04\u93E1\u306E\u6750\u6599\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4F7F\u7528\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002 \u9285-\u30B9\u30BA\u306E\u5408\u91D1\u306F\u4E00\u822C\u7684\u306B\u9752\u9285\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u304C\u3001\u73FE\u5728\u3067\u306F\u5B9F\u7528\u5408\u91D1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306E\u30B9\u30BA\u306E\u6210\u5206\u6BD4\u306F\u300110%\u7A0B\u5EA6\u307E\u3067\u306E\u3082\u306E\u304C\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002\u9285-\u30B9\u30BA\u5408\u91D1\u306E\u7D44\u7E54\u306F\u3001\u30B9\u30BA\u306E\u6210\u5206\u6BD4\u304C\u591A\u304F\u306A\u308B\u3068\u3001\u9285\u306E\u6210\u5206\u6BD4\u304C80at%\u306E\u03B4\u76F8\uFF08Cu4Sn\uFF09\u300175at%\u306E\u03B5\u76F8\uFF08Cu3Sn\uFF09\u300154.5at%\u306E\u03B7\u76F8\uFF08Cu6Sn5\uFF09\u306A\u3069\u306E\u91D1\u5C5E\u9593\u5316\u5408\u7269\u76F8\u304C\u73FE\u308C\u308B\u3002\u91D1\u5C5E\u9593\u5316\u5408\u7269\u306E\u5B58\u5728\u304C\u3001\u30AC\u30E9\u30B9\u306B\u6BD4\u3079\u3066\u7A7A\u6C17\u4E2D\u306E\u6C34\u5206\u3092\u5438\u7740\u3057\u306B\u304F\u304F\u66C7\u308A\u306B\u304F\u3044\u6027\u8CEA\u3092\u3082\u305F\u3089\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304B\u3089\u3001\u53CD\u5C04\u93E1\u306E\u6750\u6599\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9078\u3070\u308C\u305F\u3068\u601D\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3002\u6027\u80FD\u3092\u4E0A\u3052\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u30D2\u7D20\u304C\u6DFB\u52A0\u3055\u308C\u305F\u304C\u3001\u9178\u5316\u306B\u3088\u308B\u53CD\u5C04\u7387\u306E\u4F4E\u4E0B\u304C\u307F\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3084\u3001\u3082\u3068\u3082\u3068\u9285\u5408\u91D1\u304C\u30A2\u30EB\u30DF\u30CB\u30A6\u30E0\u306A\u3069\u306B\u6BD4\u3079\u3066\u53CD\u5C04\u7387\u304C\u9AD8\u304F\u306A\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304B\u3089\u3001\u305D\u306E\u5F8C\u306B\u53CD\u5C04\u671B\u9060\u93E1\u306E\u6750\u6599\u306F\u30AC\u30E9\u30B9\u306B\u9280\u3081\u3063\u304D\u3001\u307E\u305F\u306F\u30A2\u30EB\u30DF\u30CB\u30A6\u30E0\u306E\u3081\u3063\u304D\u306B\u30B3\u30FC\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30B0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65B9\u6CD5\u306B\u5909\u308F\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304F\u3002 \u6A5F\u68B0\u7684\u306A\u6027\u8CEA\u306F\u786C\u304F\u3066\u3082\u308D\u3044\u5408\u91D1\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u6700\u8FD1\u306F\u3001\u91D1\u5C5E\u30A2\u30EC\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u306E\u539F\u56E0\u3067\u3042\u308B\u30CB\u30C3\u30B1\u30EB\u3081\u3063\u304D\u306E\u4EE3\u66FF\u76AE\u819C\u3084\u3001\u30EA\u30C1\u30A6\u30E0\u30A4\u30AA\u30F3\u96FB\u6C60\u306E\u65B0\u3057\u3044\u8CA0\u6975\u6750\u6599\u3068\u3057\u3066\u518D\u5EA6\u7740\u76EE\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . "\u0633\u0628\u064A\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062F\u0646\u064A\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Speculum metal)\u200F \u0647\u064A \u062E\u0644\u064A\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0644\u062B\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062D\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062B\u0644\u062B \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062F\u064A\u0631\u060C \u0644\u062A\u0646\u062A\u062C \u0633\u0628\u064A\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064A\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0634\u0629 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0635\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062D \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062F\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062A\u0639\u062F\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u063A\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062F\u0646\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062C\u0627\u062C\u064A\u0629."@ar . "El metall de miralls \u00E9s un bronze constitu\u00EFt per un 67 % de coure i un 33 % d'estany. S'empr\u00E0 per fabricar-hi miralls esf\u00E8rics i parab\u00F2lics dels telescopis reflectors."@ca . . . . . . "\u30B9\u30DA\u30AD\u30E5\u30E9\u30E0\u5408\u91D1"@ja . . . . . . . . . . "11066"^^ . . . . . . . . "El metal de espejos (tambi\u00E9n denominado con la expresi\u00F3n de origen latino \"speculum metal\") es una mezcla de alrededor de dos tercios de cobre con una tercera parte de esta\u00F1o. La aleaci\u00F3n as\u00ED formada es quebradiza, de color blanquecino y puede ser f\u00E1cilmente abrillantada para producir una superficie altamente reflectante. Se utiliz\u00F3 hist\u00F3ricamente para construir diferentes clases de espejos: desde los dedicados al cuidado personal, hasta los utilizados en los telescopios reflectores. Dej\u00F3 de utilizarse a mediados del siglo XIX, cuando fue reemplazado por materiales m\u00E1s modernos de mejores caracter\u00EDsticas."@es . . . . . . . . . "\u0633\u0628\u064A\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062F\u0646\u064A\u0629"@ar . "El metal de espejos (tambi\u00E9n denominado con la expresi\u00F3n de origen latino \"speculum metal\") es una mezcla de alrededor de dos tercios de cobre con una tercera parte de esta\u00F1o. La aleaci\u00F3n as\u00ED formada es quebradiza, de color blanquecino y puede ser f\u00E1cilmente abrillantada para producir una superficie altamente reflectante. Se utiliz\u00F3 hist\u00F3ricamente para construir diferentes clases de espejos: desde los dedicados al cuidado personal, hasta los utilizados en los telescopios reflectores. Dej\u00F3 de utilizarse a mediados del siglo XIX, cuando fue reemplazado por materiales m\u00E1s modernos de mejores caracter\u00EDsticas. Las grandes piezas de metal de los espejos telesc\u00F3picos son dif\u00EDciles de fabricar y la aleaci\u00F3n es propensa a empa\u00F1arse, requiriendo frecuentes re-abrillantandos. Aun as\u00ED, fue la \u00FAnica elecci\u00F3n pr\u00E1ctica disponible para grandes espejos en equipamiento \u00F3ptico de alta precisi\u00F3n entre mediados del siglo XVII y mediados del siglo XIX, antes de la invenci\u00F3n de la t\u00E9cnica del plateado del vidrio."@es . . . . "Spiegelmetall (auch lateinisch Speculum \u201ASpiegel\u2018) ist eine sehr harte, gut polierbare, wei\u00DFliche Bronzelegierung aus Kupfer, Zinn und Zus\u00E4tzen anderer Metalle, welche die H\u00E4rte und Polierbarkeit verbessern."@de . . . . "Metal de espejos"@es . "Spiegelmetall"@de . . . . . . . "\u0633\u0628\u064A\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062F\u0646\u064A\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Speculum metal)\u200F \u0647\u064A \u062E\u0644\u064A\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0644\u062B\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062D\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062B\u0644\u062B \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062F\u064A\u0631\u060C \u0644\u062A\u0646\u062A\u062C \u0633\u0628\u064A\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064A\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0634\u0629 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0635\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062D \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062F\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062A\u0639\u062F\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u063A\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062F\u0646\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062C\u0627\u062C\u064A\u0629."@ar . . . "Speculum metal is a mixture of around two-thirds copper and one-third tin, making a white brittle alloy that can be polished to make a highly reflective surface. It was used historically to make different kinds of mirrors from personal grooming aids to optical devices until it was replaced by more modern materials such as metal-coated glass mirrors. Speculum metal mixtures usually contain two parts copper to one part tin along with a small amount of arsenic, although there are other mixtures containing silver, lead, or zinc. This is about twice the proportion of tin to copper typically used in bronze alloys. Archaeologists and others prefer to call it \"high-tin bronze\", although this broad term is also used for other alloys such as bell metal, which is typically around 20% tin. Large speculum metal mirrors are hard to manufacture, and the alloy is prone to tarnish, requiring frequent re-polishing. However, it was the only practical choice for large mirrors in high-precision optical equipment between mid-17th and mid-19th century, before the invention of glass silvering. Speculum metal was noted for its use in the metal mirrors of reflecting telescopes, and famous examples of its use were Newton's telescope, the Leviathan of Parsonstown, and William Herschel's telescope used to discover the planet Uranus. A major difficulty with its use in telescopes is that the mirrors could not reflect as much light as modern mirrors and would tarnish rapidly."@en . . . . "Speculum metal is a mixture of around two-thirds copper and one-third tin, making a white brittle alloy that can be polished to make a highly reflective surface. It was used historically to make different kinds of mirrors from personal grooming aids to optical devices until it was replaced by more modern materials such as metal-coated glass mirrors."@en . . . . . . . "1122946753"^^ . . . "Spiegelmetall (auch lateinisch Speculum \u201ASpiegel\u2018) ist eine sehr harte, gut polierbare, wei\u00DFliche Bronzelegierung aus Kupfer, Zinn und Zus\u00E4tzen anderer Metalle, welche die H\u00E4rte und Polierbarkeit verbessern."@de . "\u0421\u043F\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u0443\u043C \u2014 \u0441\u0440\u0456\u0431\u043B\u044F\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0432 \u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0437\u0438. \u0412\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0413\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0457 \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0433\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0426\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0440\u044F."@uk . . . . "587654"^^ . . . . "\u0421\u043F\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u0443\u043C \u2014 \u0441\u0440\u0456\u0431\u043B\u044F\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0432 \u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0437\u0438. \u0412\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0413\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0457 \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0433\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0426\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0440\u044F."@uk . . . . . . "Metall de miralls"@ca . . . .