. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Nationalists" . . . . . . "350"^^ . . . . . "Spanish Civil War"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Juan Modesto"@en . . . . . . "290"^^ . . . . . . . . . "A Guerra Civil Espanhola, tamb\u00E9m denominada A Cruzada (em castelhano: La Cruzada) pelos nacionalistas, Quarta Guerra Carlista (Cuarta Guerra Carlista) pelos carlistas e A Rebeli\u00E3o (La Rebeli\u00F3n) ou Subleva\u00E7\u00E3o (Sublevaci\u00F3n) pelos republicanos, foi um conflito armado ocorrido na Espanha entre 1936 e 1939. A guerra foi travada entre os republicanos, leais \u00E0 Segunda Rep\u00FAblica Espanhola, urbana e progressista, numa alian\u00E7a de conveni\u00EAncia com os anarquistas e os comunistas, e os nacionalistas, uma alian\u00E7a de falangistas, monarquistas, carlistas e cat\u00F3licos liderada pelo general Francisco Franco. Devido ao clima pol\u00EDtico internacional na \u00E9poca, a guerra teve muitas facetas, e diferentes pontos de vista a viram como uma luta de classes, uma guerra religiosa, uma luta entre ditadura e democracia re"@pt . . "Guerra Civil espanyola"@ca . . . . . . . . . . "Portugal" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Francisco Largo Caballero"@en . . "A Guerra Civil Espanhola, tamb\u00E9m denominada A Cruzada (em castelhano: La Cruzada) pelos nacionalistas, Quarta Guerra Carlista (Cuarta Guerra Carlista) pelos carlistas e A Rebeli\u00E3o (La Rebeli\u00F3n) ou Subleva\u00E7\u00E3o (Sublevaci\u00F3n) pelos republicanos, foi um conflito armado ocorrido na Espanha entre 1936 e 1939. A guerra foi travada entre os republicanos, leais \u00E0 Segunda Rep\u00FAblica Espanhola, urbana e progressista, numa alian\u00E7a de conveni\u00EAncia com os anarquistas e os comunistas, e os nacionalistas, uma alian\u00E7a de falangistas, monarquistas, carlistas e cat\u00F3licos liderada pelo general Francisco Franco. Devido ao clima pol\u00EDtico internacional na \u00E9poca, a guerra teve muitas facetas, e diferentes pontos de vista a viram como uma luta de classes, uma guerra religiosa, uma luta entre ditadura e democracia republicana, entre revolu\u00E7\u00E3o e contrarrevolu\u00E7\u00E3o, entre fascismo e comunismo. Os nacionalistas venceram a guerra no in\u00EDcio de 1939 e governaram a Espanha at\u00E9 \u00E0 morte de Franco em novembro de 1975. A guerra teve in\u00EDcio na sequ\u00EAncia de um pronunciamento (uma declara\u00E7\u00E3o de oposi\u00E7\u00E3o militar) contra o governo republicano por parte de um grupo de generais das For\u00E7as Armadas da Rep\u00FAblica Espanhola, inicialmente sob lideran\u00E7a de Jos\u00E9 Sanjurjo. O governo na \u00E9poca era constitu\u00EDdo por uma coliga\u00E7\u00E3o moderada e liberal de republicanos, apoiada nas Cortes por partidos comunistas e socialistas, sob a lideran\u00E7a do Presidente de centro-esquerda Manuel Aza\u00F1a. O grupo nacionalista era apoiado por uma s\u00E9rie de grupos conservadores, incluindo a Confedera\u00E7\u00E3o Espanhola de Direitas Aut\u00F3nomas (Confederaci\u00F3n Espa\u00F1ola de Derechas Aut\u00F3nomas, ou CEDA), os monarquistas incluindo ambos os lados opostos dos afonsistas e dos conservadores religiosos carlistas e a FE de la JONS, um partido pol\u00EDtico fascista. Sanjurjo morreu num acidente de avia\u00E7\u00E3o quando tentava regressar do ex\u00EDlio em Portugal, e Franco sucedeu-lhe como l\u00EDder dos nacionalistas. Em julho de 1936, as for\u00E7as nacionalistas tentam levar a cabo um golpe de estado para depor o governo. Embora os nacionalistas tenham obtido o controlo de cidades como Pamplona, Burgos, Sarago\u00E7a, Valladolid, C\u00E1dis, C\u00F3rdova e Sevilha, v\u00E1rias cidades importantes como Madrid, Barcelona, Val\u00EAncia, Bilbau e M\u00E1laga mantiveram-se leais ao governo. A Espanha encontrava-se ent\u00E3o dividida pol\u00EDtica e militarmente, com os nacionalistas e os republicanos a lutar entre si pelo controlo do pa\u00EDs. As for\u00E7as nacionalistas receberam muni\u00E7\u00F5es, soldados e apoio a\u00E9reo da Alemanha Nazi e da It\u00E1lia Fascista, enquanto as for\u00E7as republicanas leais ao governo receberam apoio da Uni\u00E3o Sovi\u00E9tica e do governo populista do M\u00E9xico. V\u00E1rios pa\u00EDses, como o Reino Unido, Fran\u00E7a e os Estados Unidos, continuaram a reconhecer a legitimidade do governo republicano, mas seguiram uma pol\u00EDtica oficial de n\u00E3o-interven\u00E7\u00E3o no conflito. Apesar disso, dezenas de milhares de cidad\u00E3os desses pa\u00EDses tomaram parte no conflito. Eles lutaram na sua maioria nas Brigadas Internacionais pr\u00F3-republicanas que tamb\u00E9m inclu\u00EDam exilados de regimes nacionalistas. Os nacionalistas avan\u00E7aram a partir dos basti\u00F5es no sul e oeste, capturando a maior parte da costa norte da Espanha ao longo de 1937. Tamb\u00E9m cercaram Madrid e a regi\u00E3o a sul e oeste durante a maior parte da guerra. Depois de grande parte da Catalunha ter sido capturada entre 1938 e 1939, e com as cidades de Barcelona e Madrid isoladas, a posi\u00E7\u00E3o militar republicana tornou-se desesperada. Madrid e Barcelona foram ocupadas sem resist\u00EAncia. Franco declarou a vit\u00F3ria e o seu regime foi reconhecido pelo Reino Unido e pela Fran\u00E7a. Milhares de espanh\u00F3is de esquerda fugiram para campos de refugiados no sul da Fran\u00E7a. Aqueles associados com os republicanos derrotados foram perseguidos pelos nacionalistas vitoriosos. Com o estabelecimento de uma ditadura liderada pelo General Franco no rescaldo da guerra, todos os partidos de direita foram fundidos na estrutura do regime de Franco. A guerra tornou-se not\u00E1vel pelo fervor e polariza\u00E7\u00E3o pol\u00EDticos que inspirou e pelas diversas atrocidades ocorridas, em ambos os lados. Purgas organizadas ocorreram nos territ\u00F3rios capturados pelas for\u00E7as de Franco com o objetivo de consolidar o futuro regime. Um n\u00FAmero significativo de assassinatos tamb\u00E9m ocorreram em \u00E1reas controladas pelos republicanos, sendo o Massacres de Paracuellos um dos mais tristemente c\u00E9lebres. At\u00E9 que ponto as autoridades republicanas participaram de assassinatos em territ\u00F3rio republicano \u00E9 objecto de debate."@pt . . . "\uC2A4\uD398\uC778 \uB0B4\uC804(\uC2A4\uD398\uC778\uC5B4: Guerra Civil Espa\u00F1ola, \uBB38\uD654\uC5B4: \uC5D0\uC2A4\uD30C\uB0D0 \uACF5\uBBFC \uC804\uC7C1)\uC740 \uB9C8\uB204\uC5D8 \uC544\uC0AC\uB0D0\uAC00 \uC774\uB044\uB294 \uC88C\uD30C \uC778\uBBFC\uC804\uC120 \uC815\uBD80\uC640 \uD504\uB780\uC2DC\uC2A4\uCF54 \uD504\uB791\uCF54\uB97C \uC911\uC2EC\uC73C\uB85C \uD55C \uC6B0\uD30C \uBC18\uB780\uAD70 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5C8\uB358 \uC2A4\uD398\uC778\uC758 \uB0B4\uC804\uC774\uB2E4. 1936\uB144 7\uC6D4 17\uC77C, \uBAA8\uB85C\uCF54\uC5D0\uC11C \uD504\uB780\uC2DC\uC2A4\uCF54 \uD504\uB791\uCF54 \uC7A5\uAD70\uC774 \uCFE0\uB370\uD0C0\uB97C \uC77C\uC73C\uCF1C \uB0B4\uC804\uC774 \uC2DC\uC791\uB418\uC5C8\uACE0, 1939\uB144 4\uC6D4 1\uC77C\uC5D0 \uACF5\uD654\uD30C \uC815\uBD80\uAC00 \uB9C8\uB4DC\uB9AC\uB4DC\uC5D0\uC11C \uD56D\uBCF5\uD558\uC5EC \uD504\uB791\uCF54\uC758 \uBC18\uB780\uAD70 \uCE21\uC758 \uC2B9\uB9AC\uB85C \uB05D\uB0AC\uB2E4. \uC774\uD6C4\uC5D4 \uB0B4\uC804\uC73C\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uC2A4\uD398\uC778 \uC804 \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC774 \uD669\uD3D0\uD654\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC18C\uBE44\uC5D0\uD2B8 \uC5F0\uBC29\uACFC \uAC01\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uBAA8\uC5EC\uB4E0 \uC758\uC6A9\uAD70\uC778 \uAD6D\uC81C \uC5EC\uB2E8\uC774 \uBC18\uD30C\uC2DC\uC998 \uC9C4\uC601\uC778 \uC778\uBBFC\uC804\uC120\uC744 \uC9C0\uC6D0\uD558\uACE0, \uD30C\uC2DC\uC2A4\uD2B8 \uC9C4\uC601\uC778 \uB3C5\uC77C\uACFC \uC774\uD0C8\uB9AC\uC544, \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uC548\uD1A0\uB2C8\uC6B0 \uC0B4\uB77C\uC790\uB974\uAC00 \uC9D1\uAD8C\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB358 \uD3EC\uB974\uD22C\uAC08\uC774 \uBC18\uB780\uAD70\uC744 \uC9C0\uC6D0\uD558\uC5EC \uC81C2\uCC28 \uC138\uACC4 \uB300\uC804\uC758 \uC804\uCD08\uC804 \uC591\uC0C1\uC744 \uB760\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC544\uC6B8\uB7EC \uC2A4\uD398\uC778\uC758 \uB85C\uB9C8 \uAC00\uD1A8\uB9AD\uAD50\uD68C\uC640 \uC655\uB2F9\uD30C\uB294 \uC6B0\uD30C\uB97C \uC9C0\uC6D0\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC601\uAD6D\uACFC \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uB294 \uACF5\uD654\uAD6D \uC815\uBD80\uC5D0 \uAD70\uC218\uBB3C\uC790\uB97C \uC9C0\uC6D0\uD558\uC600\uC73C\uB098, \uAD6D\uC81C \uC5F0\uB9F9\uC758 \uBD88\uAC04\uC12D \uC870\uC57D\uC744 \uC774\uC720\uB85C \uACF5\uD654\uAD6D \uC815\uBD80\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC9C0\uC6D0\uC5D0 \uBBF8\uC628\uC801\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C, \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC740 \uACF5\uC2DD\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC911\uB9BD\uC744 \uD45C\uBC29\uD558\uC600\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uACF5\uD654\uD30C\uC640 \uC9C0\uC6D0\uAD6D \uC18C\uB828 \uCE21\uC5D0\uB294 \uC804\uD22C\uAE30\uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uBE44\uD589\uAE30\uB97C, \uAD6D\uBBFC\uD30C \uCE21\uC5D0\uB294 \uAC00\uC194\uB9B0\uC744 \uD314\uC558\uB2E4."@ko . . "La guerra civil espa\u00F1ola o guerra de Espa\u00F1a,\u200B\u200B\u200B\u200B tambi\u00E9n conocida por los espa\u00F1oles como Guerra Civil por antonomasia,\u200B\u200B o simplemente la Guerra, fue un conflicto b\u00E9lico \u2014que m\u00E1s tarde repercutir\u00EDa tambi\u00E9n en una crisis econ\u00F3mica\u2014 que se desencaden\u00F3 en Espa\u00F1a tras el fracaso parcial del golpe de Estado del 17 y 18 de julio de 1936 perpetrado por una parte de las fuerzas armadas contra el Gobierno electo de la Segunda Rep\u00FAblica. Tras el bloqueo del estrecho de Gibraltar y el posterior puente a\u00E9reo que, gracias a la r\u00E1pida colaboraci\u00F3n de la Alemania nazi y la Italia fascista, traslad\u00F3 las tropas rebeldes desde el territorio marroqu\u00ED a la Espa\u00F1a peninsular en las \u00FAltimas semanas de julio,\u200B\u200B comenzando as\u00ED una guerra civil que concluir\u00EDa el s\u00E1bado 1 de abril de 1939 con el \u00FAltimo parte de guerra firmado por Francisco Franco, quien declara su victoria y establece una dictadura que durar\u00EDa hasta su muerte, el jueves 20 de noviembre de 1975. La guerra tuvo m\u00FAltiples facetas, pues incluy\u00F3 lucha de clases, guerra de religi\u00F3n, enfrentamiento de nacionalismos opuestos, lucha entre dictadura militar y democracia republicana, entre contrarrevoluci\u00F3n y revoluci\u00F3n, entre fascismo y comunismo.\u200B A las partes del conflicto se las suele denominar bando republicano y bando sublevado: \n* El bando republicano, tambi\u00E9n denominado \u00ABbando leal\u00BB o \u00ABbando gubernamental\u00BB, estuvo constituido en torno al Gobierno, formado por el Frente Popular, el cual estaba compuesto por los republicanistas de Izquierda Republicana y Uni\u00F3n Republicana, los socialistas del PSOE, los marxistas-leninistas con orientaci\u00F3n estalinista del Partido Comunista de Espa\u00F1a, los trotskistas del POUM, el Partido Sindicalista de origen anarquista y en Catalu\u00F1a los nacionalistas de izquierda encabezados por Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya. Era apoyado por el movimiento obrero, la FAI y los sindicatos UGT y CNT, los cuales tambi\u00E9n persegu\u00EDan realizar la revoluci\u00F3n social. Tambi\u00E9n se hab\u00EDa decantado por el bando republicano el Partido Nacionalista Vasco, debido a que las Cortes estaban a punto de aprobar el Estatuto de Autonom\u00EDa para el Pa\u00EDs Vasco. \n* El bando sublevado, que se llam\u00F3 a s\u00ED mismo \u00ABbando nacional\u00BB, estuvo organizado en torno a parte del alto mando militar, institucionalizado inicialmente en la Junta de Defensa Nacional, la cual fue sustituida por la Junta T\u00E9cnica del Estado tras el nombramiento de Francisco Franco como general\u00EDsimo y jefe del Gobierno del Estado. Pol\u00EDticamente, estuvo integrado por los fascistas de Falange Espa\u00F1ola de las JONS, los mon\u00E1rquicos carlistas de la Comuni\u00F3n Tradicionalista, los mon\u00E1rquicos alfonsinos de Renovaci\u00F3n Espa\u00F1ola y gran parte de los votantes de la CEDA, la Liga Regionalista y otros grupos conservadores. Socialmente fue apoyado por aquellas clases a las que la victoria en las urnas del Frente Popular les hizo sentir que peligraba su posici\u00F3n; por la Iglesia cat\u00F3lica, acosada por la persecuci\u00F3n religiosa desatada por parte de la izquierda nada m\u00E1s estallar el conflicto y por peque\u00F1os propietarios temerosos de una \u00ABrevoluci\u00F3n del proletariado\u00BB. En las regiones menos industrializadas o primordialmente agr\u00EDcolas, los sublevados tambi\u00E9n fueron apoyados por numerosos campesinos y obreros de firmes convicciones religiosas.\u200B Ambos bandos cometieron graves cr\u00EDmenes en el frente y en las retaguardias, como sacas de presos, paseos, desapariciones de personas o tribunales extrajudiciales. La dictadura de Franco investig\u00F3 y conden\u00F3 severamente los hechos delictivos cometidos en la zona republicana, llegando incluso a instruir una Causa General, todo ello con escasas garant\u00EDas procesales. Por su parte, los delitos de los vencedores nunca fueron investigados ni enjuiciados, a pesar de que algunos historiadores\u200B y juristas\u200B\u200B sostienen que hubo un genocidio en el que, adem\u00E1s de subvertir el orden institucional, se habr\u00EDa intentado exterminar a la oposici\u00F3n pol\u00EDtica.\u200B Las consecuencias de la Guerra Civil han marcado en gran medida la historia posterior de Espa\u00F1a, por lo excepcionalmente dram\u00E1ticas y duraderas: tanto las demogr\u00E1ficas \u2014mortandad y descenso de la natalidad que marcaron la pir\u00E1mide de poblaci\u00F3n durante generaciones\u2014 como las materiales \u2014destrucci\u00F3n de las ciudades, la estructura econ\u00F3mica, el patrimonio art\u00EDstico\u2014, intelectuales \u2014fin de la denominada Edad de Plata de las letras y ciencias\u2014 y pol\u00EDticas \u2014la represi\u00F3n en la retaguardia de ambas zonas, mantenida por los vencedores con mayor o menor intensidad durante todo el franquismo, y el exilio republicano\u2014, y que se perpetuaron mucho m\u00E1s all\u00E1 de la prolongada posguerra, incluyendo la excepcionalidad geopol\u00EDtica del mantenimiento del r\u00E9gimen de Franco hasta 1975."@es . . . . . . . . . "Church del Salvador after it was burned by Republicans.jpg"@en . . "Foreign volunteers"@en . . . "Hugo Sperrle"@en . . "Spanska inb\u00F6rdeskriget"@sv . . . . . . . . . . "Indalecio Prieto"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Vicente Rojo Lluch"@en . . . "Renovaci\u00F3n Espa\u00F1ola" . . . . . . . "Perang Saudara Spanyol"@in . . . "Bh\u00ED Cogadh Cathartha na Sp\u00E1inne ar na coga\u00ED cathartha ab fh\u00EDochmhaire a troideadh le linn an fichi\u00FA haois. D'\u00E9irigh Eite Dheis na Sp\u00E1inne amach i gcoinne rialtas an Frente Popular, measc\u00E1n de sh\u00F3isialaithe, chumannaithe agus ainrialaithe a fuair an l\u00E1mh in uachtar in olltoghch\u00E1n 1934. Ba shaghas ullmh\u00FAch\u00E1in do choimhlint n\u00ED ba mheasa f\u00F3s \u00E9 an cogadh mar bhuail na hid\u00E9-eola\u00EDochta naimhdeacha, an Faisisteachas agus an Cumannachas, le ch\u00E9ile le linn na troda."@ga . . "Jos\u00E9 Antonio Aguirre"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0430 \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC2A4\uD398\uC778 \uB0B4\uC804"@ko . . . . . . "Manuel Fal Conde"@en . "Flag of Traditionalist Requetes.svg"@en . . . . . "* Postwar Francoistmass killings and repression" . . "\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629: Guerra civil espa\u00F1ola)\u200F \u0623\u0648 \u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629: guerra de Espa\u00F1a)\u200F\u060C \u0648\u064A\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0647\u064A \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u062D\u0631\u0628\u064A - \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u064B\u0627 \u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0642\u0629 - \u0627\u0646\u062F\u0644\u0639\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u0626\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064A 17 \u0648 18 \u064A\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0648 1936 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062C\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062D\u0629 \u0636\u062F \u062D\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u062F \u062D\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064A\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0648\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u062A\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062A \u0641\u064A\u0647 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u064A\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060C \u0646\u0642\u0644\u062A \u0641\u064A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0645\u0631\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062D\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u064A\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0648\u060C \u0641\u062A\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062F\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u062D\u0631\u0628\u064D \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0645\u0631\u062A \u0625\u0644\u0649 1 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0644 1939. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0641\u064A \u062A\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064A\u0648\u0639\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064A\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u062D\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062B\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064A\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062A\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062E\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644"@ar . "Spanish Civil War"@en . . . . . . . . "12 submarines" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ""@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "16,000German troops" . . . . . "La guerra civile spagnola (in spagnolo Guerra civil espa\u00F1ola, nota in Italia anche come guerra di Spagna) fu un conflitto armato nato in conseguenza al colpo di Stato militare del 17 luglio 1936, che vide contrapposte le forze nazionaliste guidate da una giunta militare, contro le forze del legittimo governo della Repubblica Spagnola, sostenuta dal Fronte popolare, una coalizione di partiti democratici che aveva vinto le elezioni nel febbraio precedente.Obbedendo a un piano prestabilito, la guarnigione militare di stanza nel Marocco spagnolo si era ribellata al governo della Repubblica, e nei tre giorni successivi un gran numero di unit\u00E0 militari al comando di cospiratori si sollevarono anche sul territorio metropolitano, cercando di assumere il controllo di pi\u00F9 vaste aree del paese e di saldarsi le une con le altre. Il capo del governo, Santiago Casares Quiroga, incapace di trovare una soluzione alla crisi, si dimise due giorni dopo l'inizio del colpo di Stato a favore di Diego Mart\u00EDnez Barrio. Questi messosi in contatto con il generale Emilio Mola, il principale artefice del golpe, fu informato dallo stesso che i cospiratori non intendevano neppure parlare di una soluzione pacifica, manifestando cos\u00EC la volont\u00E0 di dare inizio a una spietata guerra civile se il golpe non avesse avuto pieno successo.Mart\u00EDnez Barrio si dimise quello stesso 19 luglio, ma il colpo di Stato non ebbe l'esito sperato; Madrid, Barcellona, Bilbao, Valencia e Malaga - nonch\u00E9 le aree pi\u00F9 industrializzate e ricche della Spagna - i Paesi Baschi, la Catalogna e le Asturie, rimasero sotto controllo delle forze fedeli al governo, mentre le forze nazionaliste controllavano le zone rurali della Castiglia, le zone montuose della Navarra e gran parte dell'Andalusia con la sua capitale Siviglia, unica grande citt\u00E0 caduta nelle mani degli insorti grazie all'azione del generale Gonzalo Queipo de Llano. Il nuovo governo di Jos\u00E9 Giral si decise cos\u00EC di distribuire le armi al popolo, che in diverse localit\u00E0 combatt\u00E9 efficacemente contro gli insorti, mentre sotto il profilo militare la sollevazione (alzamiento nel lessico militare spagnolo) delle forze nazionaliste presentava molte problematiche legate al mancato appoggio di buona parte dell'esercito metropolitano che continu\u00F2 a rimanere fedele alla Repubblica, privando i ribelli della superiorit\u00E0 numerica che avrebbe loro consentito di avere ragione delle forze popolari. Sulla carta dunque si trovarono contrapposte forze pi\u00F9 o meno della stessa proporzione, tuttavia i nazionalisti potevano contare sulla decisiva totalit\u00E0 dell' - il fulcro dell'esercito spagnolo - integrata dai regulares, le temibili truppe marocchine comandate dai migliori ufficiali spagnoli - gli africanistas - tra i quali emerse rapidamente il generale Francisco Franco. L'armata stanziata in Africa ebbe bisogno di alcune settimane per trasferirsi sul territorio spagnolo, tempo in cui le forze repubblicane poterono coordinarsi e rinforzarsi; in tal modo l'alzamiento si trasform\u00F2 in una logorante guerra civile che sconvolse il paese per quasi tre anni, fino al marzo 1939, quando Francisco Franco - che nel frattempo assunse la guida politica e militare di tutte le forze nazionaliste - entr\u00F2 nella capitale Madrid, sancendo la fine della guerra civile e dando inizio a una feroce repressione politica che insanguin\u00F2 la Spagna per molti anni. La fine del conflitto sanc\u00EC contemporaneamente l'inizio della lunga dittatura oppressiva di stampo fascista del generale Franco, che dur\u00F2 fino al 1975, durante la quale i sindacati furono distrutti; venne attuata una divisione classista dove braccianti e operai furono ridotti in condizioni miserevoli a favore dei ricchi possidenti terrieri e dei dirigenti d'industria; gli scioperi furono vietati; migliaia di repubblicani furono imprigionati e costretti ai lavori forzati, mentre nelle campagne il regime di Franco si impegn\u00F2 a restaurare la struttura sociale tipica dell'ancien r\u00E9gime, dove il potere era in mano all'aristocrazia terriera e alla Chiesa.A livello internazionale la guerra civile spagnola riusc\u00EC a catalizzare le simpatie della sinistra e della destra in Europa e nelle Americhe, nonostante la storia della Spagna fosse rimasta costantemente slegata da quella del continente nei secoli precedenti, per poi tornare una nazione periferica e isolata per tutta la durata del regime franchista. Dal 1936 al 1939 per\u00F2 la Spagna divenne il simbolo di una lotta globale dove da una parte vi era la sinistra e la giustizia sociale, e dall'altro lo schieramento della reazione, ispirato dalla Chiesa cattolica, dalle forze monarchiche e di destra, che rifiutavano nel modo pi\u00F9 categorico ogni progresso in ambito sociale. Questo conflitto coinvolse vecchie e nuove potenze internazionali, soprattutto Regno Unito, Francia, Germania, Italia e Unione Sovietica, che direttamente o indirettamente si confrontarono nelle vicende spagnole, sia a livello diplomatico, sia con un sostegno concreto in uomini e armi alle due fazioni. Nonostante la politica di appeasement proposta da Regno Unito e Francia, che si proponeva di evitare qualsiasi ingerenza nel conflitto - ma che di fatto favor\u00EC le forze nazionaliste - le altre tre potenze fornirono grossi quantitativi di armi e uomini alle parti in lotta: l'Italia fascista e la Germania nazista ebbero un peso determinante a favore della causa nazionalista mentre l'Unione Sovietica si impegn\u00F2 a rifornire armi alla Repubblica.Allo stesso tempo migliaia di volontari spinti dagli ideali di libert\u00E0 e democrazia, si recarono a combattere in Spagna nelle file dei repubblicani, dando vita alle Brigate internazionali, che comprendevano uomini di circa cinquanta nazionalit\u00E0 diverse, i quali diedero un importante contributo militare e morale alle forze armate repubblicane, ottenendo allo stesso tempo un grosso risalto internazionale dovuto alla militanza e all'appoggio dato loro da decine di intellettuali antifascisti."@it . . . "*" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ""@en . . . "La guerre d'Espagne (\u00E9galement d\u00E9sign\u00E9e sous le nom de guerre civile espagnole) est un conflit qui, du 17 juillet 1936 au 1er avril 1939, opposa en Espagne, d'une part le camp des r\u00E9publicains, orient\u00E9 \u00E0 gauche et \u00E0 l'extr\u00EAme gauche, compos\u00E9 de loyalistes \u00E0 l'\u00E9gard du gouvernement l\u00E9galement \u00E9tabli de la IIe R\u00E9publique, de communistes, de marxistes et de r\u00E9volutionnaires anarchistes, et d'autre part les nationalistes, les rebelles putschistes orient\u00E9s \u00E0 droite et \u00E0 l'extr\u00EAme droite et men\u00E9s par le g\u00E9n\u00E9ral Franco."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "110,000 killed in action (including executions)" . . . . . . . . . . "Euzko Gudarostea"@en . "90000"^^ . . . . . "Republicans\n* People's Army\n* Popular Front\n* UGT\n* CNT-FAI\n* Generalitat de Catalunya\n*"@en . "16 operational ships" . . . . . . "Bandera CNT-AIT.svg"@en . . . . . . . "Toribio Mart\u00EDnez Cabrera"@en . "Germany" . . . . . "Juan Negr\u00EDn"@en . . . . . "La Hispana Enlanda Milito, nomita anka\u016D civila milito a\u016D milito de Hispanio,, nomita en Hispanio simple kiel la milito, estis socia kaj politika konflikto (kiu rezultos en ekonomia krizo) kaj finfine enlanda milito en Hispanio inter ribelantoj (konataj kiel nacionales, naciistoj a\u016D finome facciosos, frakcianoj) kaj la respublikaj registaro kaj subtenantoj (finome rojos, ru\u011Duloj). \u011Ci okazis inter julio 1936 kaj aprilo 1939, kaj fini\u011Dis pro la malvenko de la respublikisma flanko, kaj poste la diktatoreco de Francisco Franco, nome la Frankisma Hispanio."@eo . . . . "Ettore Bastico"@en . . . . . "Supported by:"@en . . . . . . "*UGT" . . . "Perang Saudara Spanyol (bahasa Spanyol: Guerra Civil Espa\u00F1ola) adalah perang saudara di Spanyol yang berlangsung dari 17 Juli 1936 hingga 1 April 1939, adalah konflik antara kaum Nasionalis yang dipimpin oleh Jenderal Francisco Franco yang mengalahkan kaum Loyalis yang dipimpin oleh Presiden dari Republik Spanyol Kedua. Kaum Loyalis mendapatkan senjata dan relawan dari Uni Soviet dan gerakan Komunis internasional, sementara kaum Nasionalis (atau Francois) didukung oleh negara-negara Fasis, termasuk Italia dan Jerman. Kaum Republikan terdiri atas kaum sentris (tengah) yang mendukung demokrasi liberal kapitalis hingga komunis dan kaum revolusioner . Basis kekuatan mereka terutama adalah sekuler dan urban (meskipun juga termasuk kaum buruh tani yang tidak memiliki tanah) dan khususnya kuat di wilayah-wilayah industri seperti Asturias dan Catalunya. Negeri Basque yang konservatif juga memihak dengan Republik, terutama karena ia, bersama-sama dengan tetangganya Catalunya, berusaha mendapatkan otonomi dari pemerintahan pusat yang belakangan ditindas dengan menciptakan sentralisasi terhadap kaum nasionalis. Kaum Francois umumnya memiliki basis dukungan di pedesaan, masyarakat yang kaya dan konservatif. Pada umumnya mereka Katolik Roma, dan mendukung sentralisasi kekuasaan. Sebagian dari taktik-taktik militer dalam perang ini - termasuk penggunaan taktik-taktik teror terhadap kaum sipil - mendahului apa yang kelak terjadi dalam Perang Dunia II, meskipun baik kaum Nasionalis maupun Republikan sangat mengandalkan pasukan infantri ketimbang menggunakan taktik-taktik modern seperti blitzkrieg (serangan kilat) dengan tank dan . Sementara perang itu berlangsung hanya sekitar tiga tahun, situasi politiknya sudah penuh dengan kekerasan selama beberapa tahun sebelumnya. Jumlah korbannya dipertikaikan. Perkiraan umum menyebutkan antara 300.000 hingga 1 juta orang terbunuh. Banyak di antara para korban ini disebabkan oleh pembunuhan-pembunuhan massal yang dilakukan kedua belah pihak. Perang ini dimulai dengan pemberontakan militer di seluruh Spanyol dan koloni-koloninya, yang diikuti oleh pembalasan kaum Republikan terhadap Gereja, yang dipandang kaum Republikan radikal sebagai lembaga yang menindas yang mendukung orde lama. Terjadi pembantaian terhadap rohaniwan-rohaniwati Katolik dan gereja-gereja. Biara-biara dibakar. Dua belas uskup, 283 biarawati, 2.365 biarawan dan 4.184 dibunuh. Bekas pemilik tanah dan kaum industrialis juga diserang. Selama dan menjelang pecahnya perang, kaum Nasionalis melaksanakan program pembunuhan massal terhadap lawan-lawan mereka. Dilakukan pemeriksaan dari rumah ke rumah, dan orang-orang yang tidak disukai sering kali dipenjarakan atau dibunuh. Para aktivis serikat buruh, yang dikenal sebagai simpatisan kaum Republikan dan yang sering mengkritik rezim Franco merupakan orang-orang pertama yang diincar. Kaum Nasionalis juga melakukan pengeboman udara terhadap wilayah-wilayah sipil dengan bantuan angkatan udara Jerman dan Italia. Kebrutalan biasa dilakukan oleh semua pihak. Dampak perang ini sangat hebat: Dibutuhkan waktu puluhan tahun untuk memulihkan kembali ekonomi Spanyol. Dampak politik dan emosional dari perang ini terus dirasakan jauh melampaui batas-batas negara Spanyol dan menyulut semangat kaum komunitas intelektual dan politik internasional, yang hingga kini masih ditemukan dalam politik Spanyol. Para simpatisan Republikan menyatakannya sebagai perjuangan antara \"tirani dan demokrasi\", atau \"fasisme dan kebebasan\", dan banyak pembaharu muda dan kaum revolusioner yang mempunyai komitmen tinggi bergabung dengan Brigade Internasional, yang merasa bahwa menyelamatkan Republik Spanyol berada di garis depan peperangan melawan fasisme. Namun para pendukung Franco, khususnya anggota-anggota muda dari korps perwira, memandanganya sebagai pertempuran antara gerombolan merah komunisme dan anarkisme di satu pihak melawan \"peradaban Kristen\" di pihak lain."@in . . . . . . 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"100,000\u2013130,000 civilians killed inside the Francoist zone" . . . . . . . . . . "600 aircraft" . "600000"^^ . "Italy"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2012-02-03"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Miguel Cabanellas"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0160pan\u011Blsk\u00E1 ob\u010Dansk\u00E1 v\u00E1lka (\u010Dervenec 1936 \u2013 duben 1939) pat\u0159\u00ED k nejkrvav\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDm, ale i nejnep\u0159ehledn\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDm konflikt\u016Fm 20. stolet\u00ED, z\u00E1rove\u0148 jde o v\u00E1lku, kter\u00E1 na velmi dlouhou dobu hluboce rozd\u011Blila nejen \u0161pan\u011Blskou spole\u010Dnost. Vypukla v moment\u011B, kdy proti demokraticky zvolen\u00E9 republik\u00E1nsk\u00E9 vl\u00E1d\u011B vojensky vystoupila arm\u00E1da pod veden\u00EDm gener\u00E1la Francisca Franca. Ob\u010Dansk\u00E1 v\u00E1lka si vy\u017E\u00E1dala odhadem p\u0159es p\u016Fl milionu ob\u011Bt\u00ED, podle jin\u00FDch odhad\u016F a\u017E 1 nebo 2 miliony (p\u0159ev\u00E1\u017En\u011B civilist\u016F, v\u010Detn\u011B poprav a hladu)."@cs . . . . "Portugal"@en . . . . . . "Nationalist victory\n* End of the Second Spanish Republic\n* Establishment of the Spanish State under the rule of Francisco Franco\n* Postwar Francoist mass killings and repression\n* Spanish Maquis"@en . . . . "International Brigades" . . "450000"^^ . . . . . "the interwar period"@en . . . . "600"^^ . . "Der Spanische B\u00FCrgerkrieg (auch als Spanienkrieg bezeichnet) wurde in Spanien von Juli 1936 bis April 1939 zwischen der demokratisch gew\u00E4hlten Regierung der Zweiten Spanischen Republik (\u201ERepublikanern\u201C) und den rechtsgerichteten Putschisten unter General Francisco Franco (\u201ENationalisten\u201C) ausgetragen. Mit Unterst\u00FCtzung und nach milit\u00E4rischer Intervention der faschistischen bzw. nationalsozialistischen Verb\u00FCndeten aus Italien und Deutschland siegte das B\u00FCndnis aus konservativen Milit\u00E4rs, katholischer CEDA, den Karlisten und der faschistischen Falange. Diesem Sieg folgte das Ende der Republik in Spanien und die bis zum Tode Francos 1975 anhaltende franquistische Diktatur."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . "Flags of the Popular Front and CNT/FAI . The slogan of the CNT/FAI anarchists was \"Ni dios, ni estado, ni patr\u00F3n , widespread by the Spanish anarchists since 1910."@en . . . . . . . . . "446800"^^ . . . . . . . . . "290 tanks" . . . "Spanischer B\u00FCrgerkrieg"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . "50,000Italian troops" . "Jos\u00E9 Miaja"@en . . "Nationalists\n*"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "FE de las JONS" . . . . . . . "Cogadh Cathartha na Sp\u00E1inne"@ga . . . . . . "*CEDA" . "3015"^^ . . . . . . . . "Espainiako Gerra Zibila 1936. eta 1939. urteen artean Espainian, Hego Euskal Herria barne, jazotako gerra izan zen. Espainiako armadako militar batzuek Bigarren Errepublikako gobernu demokratikoaren aurka eginiko estatu kolpe batez hasi zen. Gerra hartako aldeek Altxamendu Nazionala, matxinada faxista, Gerra Nazional-Iraultzailea eta abar ere deitu izan diote. Haren sorburua izan zen Espainiako eskuindarrek ez zutela onartu ezker alderdien Fronte Popularrak, 1936ko otsailaren 16ko hauteskunde orokorren bidez, Espainiako agintea eskuratu izana. Uztailaren 17an eta 18an, Espainiako armadaren zati handi batek estatu kolpea jo zuen Errepublikaren gobernuaren aurka eta, porrot egin zuenez, herrialdea bitan zatitu zen. Hurrengo hiru urteetan, milioi erdi bat gizabanako hil ziren: guda zelaian 300.000 eta errepresioaren ondorioz, 200.000. Guda zelaietatik at gertatutako hilketa horietatik, 50.000 errepublikanoen kontrolpeko eremuan izan ziren (gerra zibilaren lehen bost hilabeteetan izan zen kontrolik gabeko garaian, gehienak) eta gainerako 150.000ak frankistek kontrolatutako eremuan gertatu ziren. Errepublikako agintariek, beren kontrolpeko eremuan, hilketa horiek gerarazteko ahalegin handiak egin zituzten; agintari frankisten aldetik, berriz, aurkariak eta balizko aurkariak hiltzea beren gobernua sendotzeko erabilitako estrategia izan zen. Gerraren ondoren, Francisco Franco jeneralak bereganatu zituen estatuko aginpide guztiak, Caudillo titulua hartuta. Gerra hark Hego Euskal Herria ere zatitu zuen. Alde batetik, eusko abertzaleak eta ezkerreko alderdiak errepublikaren alde agertu ziren. Bestetik, Alderdi Karlistak, Euskal Herriko zenbait gunetan oso indartsua zenak, eskuindarren alde jo eta berehala Nafarroa eta Araba gehiena eskuindarren ondoan lerrokatu ziren. Bizkaian, Gipuzkoan eta Arabako zati txiki batean, EAJk gidatuta, Eusko Jaurlaritza eratu zen. Urtebete geroago, Mola jeneralaren indarrek militarki okupatu zuten Hegoalde osoa. Euskal Herrian, gerra hartako gertaera ezagunena Gernikako bonbardaketa izan zen. Gernika foruen ikur garrantzitsua izateak eta Picassoren Gernika margolanak eman diote ospea bonbardaketa hari. Gerraren ondoren Bizkaia eta Gipuzkoa \"probintzia traidoreak\" (provincias traidoras) izendatu zituen Francok eta ordu arte izan zuten ekonomia ituna kendu zien; Arabak eta Nafarroak, ordea, mantendu egin zuten."@eu . "120"^^ . "* Requet\u00E9s/CT\n* CEDA\n*"@en . "Manuel Goded Llopis"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u5185\u6230\uFF08\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u8A9E\uFF1AGuerra Civil Espa\u00F1ola\uFF1B1936\u5E747\u670817\u65E5\uFF0D1939\u5E744\u67081\u65E5\uFF09\u662F\u5728\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5171\u548C\u570B\u767C\u751F\u7684\u4E00\u5834\u5167\u6230\uFF0C\u7531\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u5171\u548C\u519B\u548C\u4EBA\u6C11\u9635\u7EBF\u7B49\u5DE6\u7FFC\u968A\u4F0D\u5C0D\u6297\u4EE5\u5F17\u6717\u897F\u65AF\u79D1\u00B7\u4F5B\u6717\u54E5\u70BA\u6838\u5FC3\u7684\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u570B\u6C11\u8ECD\u548C\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u9577\u69CD\u9EE8\uFF1B\u4EBA\u6C11\u9663\u7DDA\u5F97\u5230\u8607\u806F\u8207\u58A8\u897F\u54E5\u7684\u63F4\u52A9\uFF0C\u800C\u4F5B\u6717\u54E5\u7684\u570B\u6C11\u8ECD\u5247\u6709\u7D0D\u7CB9\u5FB7\u570B\u3001\u7FA9\u5927\u5229\u738B\u570B\u53CA\u8461\u8404\u7259\u7684\u652F\u6301\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u610F\u8B58\u5F62\u614B\u53CA\u5206\u96E2\u4E3B\u4E49\u885D\u7A81\uFF0C\u6CD5\u897F\u65AF\u548C\u5171\u7522\u4E3B\u4E49\u52E2\u529B\u7684\u4EE3\u7406\u6230\u722D\uFF0C\u4F7F\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u5167\u6230\u88AB\u8A8D\u70BA\u662F\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6230\u7684\u524D\u594F\u3002 \u897F\u73ED\u7259\u5167\u6230\u7206\u767C\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u539F\u56E0\u662F\u7576\u6642\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u7A2E\u7A2E\u7684\u793E\u6703\u77DB\u76FE\uFF0C\u5DE6\u53F3\u7FFC\u5206\u5B50\u4E92\u76F8\u653B\u64CA\u3001\u653F\u5E9C\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5931\u6557\u3001\u820A\u52E2\u529B\u8ECD\u4EBA\u8207\u5B97\u6559\u4EBA\u58EB\u7684\u4E0D\u6EFF\uFF0C\u9577\u671F\u4E0B\u4F86\u4F7F\u5F97\u5C0D\u7ACB\u8D70\u5411\u6B66\u88DD\u9B25\u722D\uFF0C\u6700\u5F8C\u5728\u53F3\u7FFC\u8ECD\u4EBA\u7684\u7B56\u5283\u4E0B\u5F15\u767C\u4E86\u5167\u6230\u3002\u53E6\u5916\uFF0C\u9019\u5834\u6230\u722D\u9996\u6B21\u51FA\u73FE\u98DB\u6A5F\u5C0D\u5766\u514B\u7684\u8F5F\u70B8\u548C\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u5C0D\u4E0D\u8A2D\u9632\u57CE\u5E02\u7684\u5927\u898F\u6A21\u8F5F\u70B8\uFF0C\u570B\u969B\u9593\u5C0D\u6B64\u6230\u722D\u4E5F\u5341\u5206\u6CE8\u76EE\uFF0C\u5C0F\u8AAA\u5BB6\u6B27\u5185\u65AF\u7279\u00B7\u6D77\u660E\u5A01\u3001\u82F1\u570B\u8A18\u8005\u4E54\u6CBB\u00B7\u5965\u5A01\u5C14\u3001\u6230\u5730\u651D\u5F71\u8A18\u8005\u7F57\u4F2F\u7279\u00B7\u5361\u5E15\u7B49\u4EBA\u5747\u5C0D\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u5167\u6230\u505A\u4E86\u8A73\u7D30\u7684\u5831\u5C0E\u548C\u7814\u7A76\u3002\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u5167\u6230\u4E5F\u4EE5\u4EA4\u6230\u96D9\u65B9\u8650\u6BBA\u6230\u4FD8\u805E\u540D\uFF0C\u58EB\u5175\u5916\u7684\u5E73\u6C11\u4E5F\u5E38\u56E0\u70BA\u5B97\u6559\u4FE1\u4EF0\u4E4B\u4E0D\u540C\u800C\u4E92\u76F8\u6BBA\u5BB3\u30021939\u5E744\u6708\uFF0C\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u570B\u6C11\u8ECD\u7372\u5F97\u52DD\u5229\uFF0C\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5171\u548C\u570B\u6EC5\u4EA1\uFF0C\u7531\u5F17\u6717\u897F\u65AF\u79D1\u00B7\u4F5B\u6717\u54E5\u65BD\u884C\u7368\u88C1\u7D71\u6CBB\uFF0C\u9032\u5165\u4F5B\u6717\u54E5\u7EDF\u6CBB\u65F6\u671F\uFF0C\u4F5B\u6717\u54E5\u64D4\u4EFB\u651D\u653F\u76F4\u81F31975\u5E74\u53BB\u4E16\u3002"@zh . . "1936 strength:" . "* Army of Africa"@en . "Guerra civil espa\u00F1ola"@es . . . . . . . . . . "50000"^^ . . "Italy" . "167"^^ . . . . . . . . "Hispana Enlanda Milito"@eo . . . "58000"^^ . . "180"^^ . . . . "*Spanish Maquis" . . . . . "59,380 international volunteers" . . . . . . . . "600,000 infantry" . . . . . . "The Spanish Civil War (Spanish: Guerra Civil Espa\u00F1ola) was a civil war in Spain fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the left-leaning Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic, and consisted of various socialist, communist, separatist, anarchist, and republican parties, some of which had opposed the government in the pre-war period. The opposing Nationalists were an alliance of Falangists, monarchists, conservatives, and traditionalists led by a military junta among whom General Francisco Franco quickly achieved a preponderant role. Due to the international political climate at the time, the war had many facets and was variously viewed as class struggle, a religious struggle, a struggle between dictatorship and repub"@en . . . . . . . . . "Fidel D\u00E1vila Arrondo"@en . . . . . . . . "200 tanks" . "Spanish Civil War"@en . "1938 strength:" . . . . "International Brigades"@en . . . . "\u30B9\u30DA\u30A4\u30F3\u5185\u6226\uFF08\u30B9\u30DA\u30A4\u30F3\u306A\u3044\u305B\u3093\u3001\u30B9\u30DA\u30A4\u30F3\u8A9E\uFF1AGuerra Civil Espa\u00F1ola\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ASpanish Civil War\uFF09\u306F\u30011936\u5E74\u304B\u30891939\u5E74\u307E\u3067\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5171\u548C\u653F\u671F\u306E\u30B9\u30DA\u30A4\u30F3\u3067\u767A\u751F\u3057\u305F\u5185\u6226\u3002\u30DE\u30CC\u30A8\u30EB\u30FB\u30A2\u30B5\u30FC\u30CB\u30E3\u7387\u3044\u308B\u5DE6\u6D3E\u306E\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u4EBA\u6C11\u6226\u7DDA\u653F\u5E9C\uFF08\u30ED\u30A4\u30E4\u30EA\u30B9\u30C8\u6D3E\uFF09\u3068\u3001\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B7\u30B9\u30B3\u30FB\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B3\u3092\u4E2D\u5FC3\u3068\u3057\u305F\u53F3\u6D3E\u306E\u53CD\u4E71\u8ECD\uFF08\u30CA\u30B7\u30E7\u30CA\u30EA\u30B9\u30C8\u6D3E\uFF09\u3068\u304C\u4E89\u3063\u305F\u3002\u53CD\u30D5\u30A1\u30B7\u30BA\u30E0\u9663\u55B6\u3067\u3042\u308B\u4EBA\u6C11\u6226\u7DDA\u3092\u30BD\u30D3\u30A8\u30C8\u9023\u90A6\u3001\u30E1\u30AD\u30B7\u30B3\u304C\u652F\u63F4\u3057\u3001\u6B27\u7C73\u5E02\u6C11\u6587\u5316\u4EBA\u30FB\u77E5\u8B58\u4EBA\u3089\u3082\u6570\u591A\u304F\u7FA9\u52C7\u5175\uFF08\u56FD\u969B\u65C5\u56E3\uFF09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53C2\u6226\u3001\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B3\u3092\u30D5\u30A1\u30B7\u30BA\u30E0\u9663\u55B6\u306E\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u3001\u30A4\u30BF\u30EA\u30A2\u3001\u30DD\u30EB\u30C8\u30AC\u30EB\u304C\u652F\u6301\u30FB\u76F4\u63A5\u53C2\u6226\u3057\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . "31 ships" . . . . "La guerre d'Espagne (\u00E9galement d\u00E9sign\u00E9e sous le nom de guerre civile espagnole) est un conflit qui, du 17 juillet 1936 au 1er avril 1939, opposa en Espagne, d'une part le camp des r\u00E9publicains, orient\u00E9 \u00E0 gauche et \u00E0 l'extr\u00EAme gauche, compos\u00E9 de loyalistes \u00E0 l'\u00E9gard du gouvernement l\u00E9galement \u00E9tabli de la IIe R\u00E9publique, de communistes, de marxistes et de r\u00E9volutionnaires anarchistes, et d'autre part les nationalistes, les rebelles putschistes orient\u00E9s \u00E0 droite et \u00E0 l'extr\u00EAme droite et men\u00E9s par le g\u00E9n\u00E9ral Franco. Cette guerre se termina par la victoire des nationalistes qui \u00E9tabliront une dictature connue sous le nom d'\u00AB \u00C9tat espagnol \u00BB durant 36 ans, dirig\u00E9 par Franco portant le titre de Caudillo, jusqu'\u00E0 la transition d\u00E9mocratique qui n'intervint qu'\u00E0 la suite de la mort de Franco le 20 novembre 1975. Cette guerre civile fut la cons\u00E9quence, sur le long terme, des malaises sociaux, \u00E9conomiques, culturels et politiques qui accablaient l'Espagne depuis plusieurs g\u00E9n\u00E9rations. La proclamation de la IIe R\u00E9publique en 1931 ne diminue pas les tensions entre Espagnols ; ce r\u00E9gime, contest\u00E9 sur sa droite et sur sa gauche, n'a pas le temps de s'installer et deux grandes peurs, celle d'une r\u00E9volution bolchevique et celle du fascisme, ne feront que se d\u00E9velopper. En 1934, la gauche se r\u00E9volte en r\u00E9action \u00E0 l'entr\u00E9e au gouvernement de la Conf\u00E9d\u00E9ration espagnole des droites autonomes victorieuse des \u00E9lections de 1933 ; la r\u00E9pression par la R\u00E9publique de la r\u00E9volution asturienne fait des milliers de morts. Le gouvernement issu de la victoire \u00E9lectorale du Frente Popular provoque une r\u00E9surgence de troubles civils et de violences politiques au printemps 1936. L'assassinat de Jos\u00E9 Calvo Sotelo, chef de l'opposition, demand\u00E9 par des membres du parti au pouvoir et m\u00EAme du gouvernement, est un point de bascule. Il provoque le ralliement des h\u00E9sitants de droite \u00E0 l'id\u00E9e qu'un soul\u00E8vement est l\u00E9gitime ; notamment Franco lui-m\u00EAme se d\u00E9cide. Pr\u00E9par\u00E9 de longue date, le soul\u00E8vement militaire et civil du camp nationaliste \u00E9clata le 18 juillet 1936, mais sa mise en \u00E9chec partielle d\u00E9boucha sur une guerre civile impr\u00E9vue. Longue et meurtri\u00E8re, elle dura jusqu'\u00E0 fin mars 1939. Entretemps chaque camp impose dans les territoires qu'il contr\u00F4le ses orientations politiques, \u00E9crasant son opposition par une violence meurtri\u00E8re. En zone nationaliste, l'ordre traditionnel revient ; dans certains territoires sous contr\u00F4le r\u00E9publicain, une r\u00E9volution sociale aboutit \u00E0 la collectivisation des terres et des usines, et exp\u00E9rimenta diff\u00E9rentes sortes d'organisation de type socialiste (soutenues notamment par des anarchistes de la CNT). Ce conflit, qui mobilisa les opinions et les \u00C9tats europ\u00E9ens, peut appara\u00EEtre comme une pr\u00E9paration de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Il permit de jauger les rapports de force europ\u00E9ens (attentisme des d\u00E9mocraties fran\u00E7aise et britannique, engagement de l'Italie fasciste et de l'Allemagne nazie, tout comme de l'Union sovi\u00E9tique). Il eut un retentissement m\u00E9diatique et culturel tr\u00E8s important (et donna notamment lieu \u00E0 des \u0153uvres telles que L'Espoir d'Andr\u00E9 Malraux, Hommage \u00E0 la Catalogne de George Orwell, Pour qui sonne le glas d'Ernest Hemingway ou encore Guernica de Pablo Picasso et la trilogie autobiographique d'Arturo Barea)."@fr . . . "Spanska inb\u00F6rdeskriget var det inb\u00F6rdeskrig i Spanien som p\u00E5gick 1936\u20131939 och som slutade med att Francisco Franco kom till makten som env\u00E4ldig diktator. Kriget inleddes med att en grupp sammansvurna h\u00F6ga milit\u00E4rer gjorde en revolt mot andra republiken och den sittande parlamentariska regeringen. Rebellsidan utgjordes av konservativa, nationalistiska och fascistiska krafter som hade olika m\u00E5l och ideologier, carlisterna ville till exempel \u00E5terinf\u00F6ra monarkin medan de spanska falangisterna var emot monarki. Under krigets f\u00F6rlopp lyckades dock Francisco Franco samla alla de olika grupperingarna bakom sig och d\u00E4rmed bildades nationalisterna. Den katolska kyrkan hade en betydande roll som samlande kraft f\u00F6r nationalisterna. \u00C4ven p\u00E5 den republikanska sidan fanns stora meningsskiljaktigheter, a"@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Espainiako Gerra Zibila 1936. eta 1939. urteen artean Espainian, Hego Euskal Herria barne, jazotako gerra izan zen. Espainiako armadako militar batzuek Bigarren Errepublikako gobernu demokratikoaren aurka eginiko estatu kolpe batez hasi zen. Gerra hartako aldeek Altxamendu Nazionala, matxinada faxista, Gerra Nazional-Iraultzailea eta abar ere deitu izan diote. Gerraren ondoren Bizkaia eta Gipuzkoa \"probintzia traidoreak\" (provincias traidoras) izendatu zituen Francok eta ordu arte izan zuten ekonomia ituna kendu zien; Arabak eta Nafarroak, ordea, mantendu egin zuten."@eu . . "----"@en . "\uC2A4\uD398\uC778 \uB0B4\uC804(\uC2A4\uD398\uC778\uC5B4: Guerra Civil Espa\u00F1ola, \uBB38\uD654\uC5B4: \uC5D0\uC2A4\uD30C\uB0D0 \uACF5\uBBFC \uC804\uC7C1)\uC740 \uB9C8\uB204\uC5D8 \uC544\uC0AC\uB0D0\uAC00 \uC774\uB044\uB294 \uC88C\uD30C \uC778\uBBFC\uC804\uC120 \uC815\uBD80\uC640 \uD504\uB780\uC2DC\uC2A4\uCF54 \uD504\uB791\uCF54\uB97C \uC911\uC2EC\uC73C\uB85C \uD55C \uC6B0\uD30C \uBC18\uB780\uAD70 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5C8\uB358 \uC2A4\uD398\uC778\uC758 \uB0B4\uC804\uC774\uB2E4. 1936\uB144 7\uC6D4 17\uC77C, \uBAA8\uB85C\uCF54\uC5D0\uC11C \uD504\uB780\uC2DC\uC2A4\uCF54 \uD504\uB791\uCF54 \uC7A5\uAD70\uC774 \uCFE0\uB370\uD0C0\uB97C \uC77C\uC73C\uCF1C \uB0B4\uC804\uC774 \uC2DC\uC791\uB418\uC5C8\uACE0, 1939\uB144 4\uC6D4 1\uC77C\uC5D0 \uACF5\uD654\uD30C \uC815\uBD80\uAC00 \uB9C8\uB4DC\uB9AC\uB4DC\uC5D0\uC11C \uD56D\uBCF5\uD558\uC5EC \uD504\uB791\uCF54\uC758 \uBC18\uB780\uAD70 \uCE21\uC758 \uC2B9\uB9AC\uB85C \uB05D\uB0AC\uB2E4. \uC774\uD6C4\uC5D4 \uB0B4\uC804\uC73C\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uC2A4\uD398\uC778 \uC804 \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC774 \uD669\uD3D0\uD654\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC18C\uBE44\uC5D0\uD2B8 \uC5F0\uBC29\uACFC \uAC01\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uBAA8\uC5EC\uB4E0 \uC758\uC6A9\uAD70\uC778 \uAD6D\uC81C \uC5EC\uB2E8\uC774 \uBC18\uD30C\uC2DC\uC998 \uC9C4\uC601\uC778 \uC778\uBBFC\uC804\uC120\uC744 \uC9C0\uC6D0\uD558\uACE0, \uD30C\uC2DC\uC2A4\uD2B8 \uC9C4\uC601\uC778 \uB3C5\uC77C\uACFC \uC774\uD0C8\uB9AC\uC544, \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uC548\uD1A0\uB2C8\uC6B0 \uC0B4\uB77C\uC790\uB974\uAC00 \uC9D1\uAD8C\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB358 \uD3EC\uB974\uD22C\uAC08\uC774 \uBC18\uB780\uAD70\uC744 \uC9C0\uC6D0\uD558\uC5EC \uC81C2\uCC28 \uC138\uACC4 \uB300\uC804\uC758 \uC804\uCD08\uC804 \uC591\uC0C1\uC744 \uB760\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC544\uC6B8\uB7EC \uC2A4\uD398\uC778\uC758 \uB85C\uB9C8 \uAC00\uD1A8\uB9AD\uAD50\uD68C\uC640 \uC655\uB2F9\uD30C\uB294 \uC6B0\uD30C\uB97C \uC9C0\uC6D0\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC601\uAD6D\uACFC \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uB294 \uACF5\uD654\uAD6D \uC815\uBD80\uC5D0 \uAD70\uC218\uBB3C\uC790\uB97C \uC9C0\uC6D0\uD558\uC600\uC73C\uB098, \uAD6D\uC81C \uC5F0\uB9F9\uC758 \uBD88\uAC04\uC12D \uC870\uC57D\uC744 \uC774\uC720\uB85C \uACF5\uD654\uAD6D \uC815\uBD80\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC9C0\uC6D0\uC5D0 \uBBF8\uC628\uC801\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C, \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC740 \uACF5\uC2DD\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC911\uB9BD\uC744 \uD45C\uBC29\uD558\uC600\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uACF5\uD654\uD30C\uC640 \uC9C0\uC6D0\uAD6D \uC18C\uB828 \uCE21\uC5D0\uB294 \uC804\uD22C\uAE30\uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uBE44\uD589\uAE30\uB97C, \uAD6D\uBBFC\uD30C \uCE21\uC5D0\uB294 \uAC00\uC194\uB9B0\uC744 \uD314\uC558\uB2E4."@ko . . . . "Renovaci\u00F3n Espa\u00F1ola"@en . . . . . . "Llu\u00EDs Companys"@en . "Spanska inb\u00F6rdeskriget var det inb\u00F6rdeskrig i Spanien som p\u00E5gick 1936\u20131939 och som slutade med att Francisco Franco kom till makten som env\u00E4ldig diktator. Kriget inleddes med att en grupp sammansvurna h\u00F6ga milit\u00E4rer gjorde en revolt mot andra republiken och den sittande parlamentariska regeringen. Rebellsidan utgjordes av konservativa, nationalistiska och fascistiska krafter som hade olika m\u00E5l och ideologier, carlisterna ville till exempel \u00E5terinf\u00F6ra monarkin medan de spanska falangisterna var emot monarki. Under krigets f\u00F6rlopp lyckades dock Francisco Franco samla alla de olika grupperingarna bakom sig och d\u00E4rmed bildades nationalisterna. Den katolska kyrkan hade en betydande roll som samlande kraft f\u00F6r nationalisterna. \u00C4ven p\u00E5 den republikanska sidan fanns stora meningsskiljaktigheter, allt fr\u00E5n h\u00F6gerliberala demokratif\u00F6respr\u00E5kare till kommunister samlades d\u00E4r, och till republikanernas nederlag bidrog att dessa inte lyckades samla sig och samarbeta p\u00E5 samma s\u00E4tt som nationalisterna. Andra spanska republiken utropades 1931 efter att Alfons XIII av Spanien hade abdikerat. De sista valen h\u00F6lls den 16 februari 1936 och resulterade i en klar majoritet f\u00F6r folkfronten som utgjordes av den spanska arbetarklassen: kommunister, socialister och syndikalister. \u00C4ven liberaler som var motst\u00E5ndare till monarkin ansl\u00F6t sig till den republikanska sidan. Vid krigets inledning hade de republikanska liberala krafterna st\u00F6rst inflytande i regeringen medan kommunisterna var betydligt svagare \u00E4n anarkisterna. Under krigets f\u00F6rlopp fick dock kommunisterna allt st\u00F6rre inflytande som en f\u00F6ljd av Sovjetunionens inblandning och hade en dominerande st\u00E4llning vid krigsslutet."@sv . "Flag of the Popular Front .svg"@en . "*Requet\u00E9s/CT" . "Nationalistvictory" . . . . . "\u0160pan\u011Blsk\u00E1 ob\u010Dansk\u00E1 v\u00E1lka (\u010Dervenec 1936 \u2013 duben 1939) pat\u0159\u00ED k nejkrvav\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDm, ale i nejnep\u0159ehledn\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDm konflikt\u016Fm 20. stolet\u00ED, z\u00E1rove\u0148 jde o v\u00E1lku, kter\u00E1 na velmi dlouhou dobu hluboce rozd\u011Blila nejen \u0161pan\u011Blskou spole\u010Dnost. Vypukla v moment\u011B, kdy proti demokraticky zvolen\u00E9 republik\u00E1nsk\u00E9 vl\u00E1d\u011B vojensky vystoupila arm\u00E1da pod veden\u00EDm gener\u00E1la Francisca Franca. Ob\u010Dansk\u00E1 v\u00E1lka si vy\u017E\u00E1dala odhadem p\u0159es p\u016Fl milionu ob\u011Bt\u00ED, podle jin\u00FDch odhad\u016F a\u017E 1 nebo 2 miliony (p\u0159ev\u00E1\u017En\u011B civilist\u016F, v\u010Detn\u011B poprav a hladu)."@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Bh\u00ED Cogadh Cathartha na Sp\u00E1inne ar na coga\u00ED cathartha ab fh\u00EDochmhaire a troideadh le linn an fichi\u00FA haois. D'\u00E9irigh Eite Dheis na Sp\u00E1inne amach i gcoinne rialtas an Frente Popular, measc\u00E1n de sh\u00F3isialaithe, chumannaithe agus ainrialaithe a fuair an l\u00E1mh in uachtar in olltoghch\u00E1n 1934. Ba shaghas ullmh\u00FAch\u00E1in do choimhlint n\u00ED ba mheasa f\u00F3s \u00E9 an cogadh mar bhuail na hid\u00E9-eola\u00EDochta naimhdeacha, an Faisisteachas agus an Cumannachas, le ch\u00E9ile le linn na troda."@ga . . . . . . . . . "FE de las JONS"@en . . . . . . . . . . "--07-17"^^ . . "Flags of the Falange Espa\u00F1ola Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista and the Carlist Requet\u00E9s"@en . . "772 Soviet pilots" . "Republicans" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Manuel Aza\u00F1a"@en . . "\u30B9\u30DA\u30A4\u30F3\u5185\u6226"@ja . "Jos\u00E9 Sanjurjo"@en . "De Spaanse Burgeroorlog was een groot conflict dat uitgevochten werd in Spanje van 17 juli 1936 tot 1 april 1939. De oorlog begon na een pronunciamiento (oppositieverklaring) van een groep rechtse generaals onder leiding van Jos\u00E9 Sanjurjo tegen de regering van de Tweede Spaanse Republiek, op dat moment onder leiding van president Manuel Aza\u00F1a. De militaire staatsgreep werd gesteund door conservatieve groepen als de CEDA, monarchisten zoals de religieus-conservatieve carlisten, en de fascistische falangisten. De generaals hadden autoritaire en anti-separatistische inspiratiebronnen. Aan nationalistische zijde waren er sterke anti-Baskische en anti-Catalaanse gevoelens. Na de slechts gedeeltelijk succesvolle staatsgreep was Spanje militair en politiek verdeeld. Vanaf dat moment voerde generaal Francisco Franco een langdurige oorlog tegen de gevestigde regering, omdat de trouwe aanhangers van de linkse republikeinse regering de rebellen bevochten voor de controle over het land. De generalen (nacionales) kregen de steun van nazi-Duitsland en het koninkrijk Itali\u00EB, evenals van het naburige Portugal, terwijl de Sovjet-Unie en Mexico hun steun gaven aan de republikeinse regering. Een belangrijke bijdrage leverde de Duitse luchtmacht, de Luftwaffe, die reeds voor de machtsovername van de nazi's heimelijk had getraind in Lipetsk in de Sovjet-Unie, dat in deze oorlog de andere kant steunde. Bloedige zuiveringen deden zich voor in delen van Spanje die veroverd werden door de nationalisten om het toekomstige regime van Franco te consolideren, terwijl gelijkaardige moorden plaatsvonden in gebieden die veroverd werden door de republikeinen. Tienduizenden burgers aan beide kanten werden vermoord wegens hun politieke of religieuze standpunten, en na het einde van de oorlog in 1939 werden diegenen die geassocieerd werden met de verliezende republikeinen vervolgd door de zegevierende nationalisten. De oorlog eindigde met een overwinning voor de conservatieve nationalisten, het omverwerpen van de democratische regering, en de ballingschap van duizenden linkse Spanjaarden, van wie velen vluchtten naar vluchtelingenkampen in Zuid-Frankrijk, onder andere Le Vernet. Met de oprichting van een dictatuur onder leiding van generaal Francisco Franco in de nasleep van de omwenteling, fuseerden alle rechtse partijen in de structuur van het Franco-regime. Franco overleed in 1975."@nl . . . . . . . . "\u0413\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0434\u044F\u0301\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0430\u0301 \u0432 \u0406\u0441\u043F\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0456\u0457 1936\u20141939 \u2014 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043B\u0438\u043F\u043D\u044F 1936 \u0434\u043E \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043D\u044F 1939 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u043C\u0456\u0436 \u043B\u0456\u0432\u043E-\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0443\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0406\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043A\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0438. \u0414\u043E\u0432\u0433\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043A\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0432\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0433\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0434\u044F\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438 \u0441\u043F\u0440\u0438\u044F\u043B\u0430 \u0456\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0456\u044F \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420 (\u043D\u0430 \u0431\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u0440\u044F\u0434\u0443) \u0442\u0430 \u041D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u0456 \u0406\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0457 (\u043D\u0430 \u0431\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0432)."@uk . . "Manuel Hedilla"@en . "* Establishment of theSpanish Stateunder the rule ofFrancisco Franco" . . "772"^^ . . . "Hiszpa\u0144ska wojna domowa (hiszp. Guerra Civil Espa\u00F1ola) \u2013 wojna domowa pomi\u0119dzy rz\u0105dem Republiki Hiszpa\u0144skiej, wy\u0142onionym przez koalicj\u0119 Frontu Ludowego i wspieraj\u0105cymi go si\u0142ami (libera\u0142ami, republikanami, socjalistami, Baskami, Katalo\u0144czykami, komunistami i anarchistami) a prawicow\u0105 opozycj\u0105 (nacjonalistami, faszystami, monarchistami i konserwatystami), kt\u00F3ra toczy\u0142a si\u0119 w Hiszpanii w latach 1936\u20131939. Traktowana przez mocarstwa europejskie jak poligon do testowania nowych rodzaj\u00F3w broni w warunkach bojowych. Mimo i\u017C by\u0142a to wojna domowa, jej kontekst jest znacznie szerszy. Konflikt ten bywa uwa\u017Cany za preludium II wojny \u015Bwiatowej. Obie strony wojny mia\u0142y bowiem wsparcie z zagranicy, przy czym nacjonalist\u00F3w wspiera\u0142y bezpo\u015Brednio oddzia\u0142y wojskowe przys\u0142ane przez faszystowskie W\u0142ochy i nazistowskie Niemcy, si\u0142y rz\u0105dowe mog\u0142y natomiast liczy\u0107 na zagranicznych ochotnik\u00F3w (w tym Brygad Mi\u0119dzynarodowych, zorganizowanych przez Komintern) oraz Brazylii, Francji, ZSRR i Meksyku. W marcu 1939 wojna domowa zako\u0144czy\u0142a si\u0119 zwyci\u0119stwem nacjonalist\u00F3w. Na miejsce Republiki nacjonali\u015Bci utworzyli autorytarne, niedemokratyczne Pa\u0144stwo Hiszpa\u0144skie, przez cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 historyk\u00F3w i socjolog\u00F3w okre\u015Blane jako faszystowskie lub zbli\u017Caj\u0105ce si\u0119 do totalitaryzmu. W wyniku wojny zgin\u0119\u0142o oko\u0142o 500 tysi\u0119cy os\u00F3b, a oko\u0142o 300 tysi\u0119cy os\u00F3b wyemigrowa\u0142o. Po zako\u0144czeniu dzia\u0142a\u0144 wojennych w 1939 roku w Hiszpanii dzia\u0142a\u0142 zbrojny antyfrankistowski ruch oporu, a od 1959 roku tak\u017Ce ETA \u2013 terrorystyczna organizacja baskijskich nacjonalist\u00F3w."@pl . . . . . "Supported by:" . . . "Hiszpa\u0144ska wojna domowa (hiszp. Guerra Civil Espa\u00F1ola) \u2013 wojna domowa pomi\u0119dzy rz\u0105dem Republiki Hiszpa\u0144skiej, wy\u0142onionym przez koalicj\u0119 Frontu Ludowego i wspieraj\u0105cymi go si\u0142ami (libera\u0142ami, republikanami, socjalistami, Baskami, Katalo\u0144czykami, komunistami i anarchistami) a prawicow\u0105 opozycj\u0105 (nacjonalistami, faszystami, monarchistami i konserwatystami), kt\u00F3ra toczy\u0142a si\u0119 w Hiszpanii w latach 1936\u20131939. Traktowana przez mocarstwa europejskie jak poligon do testowania nowych rodzaj\u00F3w broni w warunkach bojowych."@pl . . . . . "FET y de las JONS"@en . . . . "Gonzalo Queipo de Llano"@en . . . . . . . "2018-09-26"^^ . . "330"^^ . "Germany"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "68,500 gendarmes" . . . . . "La Hispana Enlanda Milito, nomita anka\u016D civila milito a\u016D milito de Hispanio,, nomita en Hispanio simple kiel la milito, estis socia kaj politika konflikto (kiu rezultos en ekonomia krizo) kaj finfine enlanda milito en Hispanio inter ribelantoj (konataj kiel nacionales, naciistoj a\u016D finome facciosos, frakcianoj) kaj la respublikaj registaro kaj subtenantoj (finome rojos, ru\u011Duloj). \u011Ci okazis inter julio 1936 kaj aprilo 1939, kaj fini\u011Dis pro la malvenko de la respublikisma flanko, kaj poste la diktatoreco de Francisco Franco, nome la Frankisma Hispanio. \u011Ci eksplodi\u011Dis post la parta malsukceso de la Pu\u0109o de la 17-a kaj la 18-a de julio 1936 fare de granda parto de la Armeo kontra\u016D la registaro de la Dua Hispana Respubliko. Post la blokado de la \u011Cibraltara Markolo kaj de la posta aerponto kiu, helpe de la rapida kunlaborado de la Nazia Germanio kaj de la fa\u015Disma Italio, translokigis la ribelintajn trupojn al la Iberia Duoninsulo en la lastaj semajnoj de julio, ekis enlanda milito kiu finos la 1an de aprilo 1939 pere de la lasta militinformo subskribita de Francisco Franco, deklarante lian venkon, post kio oni establis diktatorecon kiu da\u016Dros \u011Dis post sia morto la 20an de novembro 1975. La milito enhavis multajn aspektojn, \u0109ar \u011Di inkludis klasbatalon, religiajn militojn, kontra\u016Dfrontigo de malaj naciismoj, luktado inter militista diktaturo kaj respublikisma demokratio, inter revolucio kaj kontra\u016Drevolucio, inter fa\u015Dismo kaj kontra\u016Dfa\u015Dismo, inter komunismo kaj kontra\u016Dkomunismo. Al la partoj de la konflikto oni nomigas ilin kiel respublika flanko kaj insurekcia flanko: \n* La respublika flanko estis konstituita \u0109irka\u016D la registaro elektita demokratie, formita de la Popola Fronto, kiu siavice estis komponita de koalicio de respublikemaj partioj \u2014 Respublika Maldekstro kaj Respublika Unui\u011Do \u2014 kun la Hispana Laborista Socialista Partio, al kiu estis ali\u011Dinta la marksist-leninistoj de la Komunista Partio de Hispanio kaj de la POUM, la Sindikatisma Partio de anarkiisma deveno kaj en Katalunio la naciistoj de maldekstro estre de Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya. Tiu fronto estis apogita de la hispana laborista movado kaj \u0109efe de la sindikatoj UGT kaj CNT, kiuj krome celis la realigon de la socia revolucio. Klini\u011Dis anka\u016D al la respublika flanko la E\u016Dska Naciisma Partio, \u011Duste kiam la respublika parlamento estis aprobonta la ekfunkciadon de la Statuto de E\u016Dska A\u016Dtonomeco. \n* La insurekcia flanko, kiu nomigis sin mem \u00ABnacia flanko\u00BB, estis organizita \u0109irka\u016D granda parto de la alta milita stabanaro, institucie dekomence de la Junto de Nacia Defendo, kiu estos poste ansta\u016Data post la nomumo de Francisco Franco kiel general\u00EDsimo kaj \u015Dtatestro (estro de registaro). Politike, \u011Di estis integrita de la fa\u015Disma Falango, la karlistoj, la monarkiistoj alfons-anaj de Renovaci\u00F3n Espa\u00F1ola kaj granda parto de la vo\u0109donintoj de la CEDA, la Regionista Ligo kaj aliaj konservativaj grupoj. Socie \u011Di estis apogita de tiuj klasoj al kiuj la venko en la balotado fare de la Popola Fronto sentigis la endan\u011Derigon de ilia privilegia pozicio; de la Katolika Eklezio, kiu sentis sin \u0109ikanita fare de la politiko de separo inter eklezio kaj \u015Dtato fare de la respublikaj instancoj, kiun la katolikoj konsideris kiel religia persekutado, \u0109efe jam dum la milito mem, pro la certa kontra\u016Dreligia agado fare de parto de la maldekstruloj ekde la komenco de la konflikto kaj de malgrandaj propietuloj timantaj pro \u00ABproletara revolucio\u00BB. Kelkaj a\u016Dtoroj konsideras ke la insurekciintoj estis apogitaj anka\u016D de nombraj kamparanoj (malpli laboristoj) de firmaj religiaj sentoj. Amba\u016D flankoj fifaris kaj akuzis sin unu la alian reciproke pro la fifaro de gravaj militkrimoj kaj en la fronto kaj en la ariergardojn, kiel mortpafado kaj de prizonuloj kaj de privatuloj ka\u015De arestitaj, malaperigoj de personoj a\u016D eksterle\u011Daj tribunaloj. La Frankisma Hispanio detale esploradis kaj akre kondamnis deliktajn (kaj nedeliktajn) farojn okazintajn en la respublika zono, kaj e\u0109 kreis la Causa General, nome speciala aparta ju\u011Dinstanco, \u0109efe kun la celo ekhavi pli da informo por fari plian subpremadon, \u0109io tio kun malabundaj juraj garantioj. Siaflanke, la deliktoj fare de la venkintoj a\u016D kontra\u016D la venkitoj neniam estis esploritaj a\u016D ju\u011Ditaj dum la frankisma epoko a\u016D poste, spite la fakton ke multaj historiistoj kaj juristoj asertas ke estis vera genocido en kiu, krom la nuligo de la institucia ordo, oni klopodis la eliminon de \u0109ia politika opozicio. La konsekvencoj de la Hispana Enlanda Milito markis enorme la postan historion de Hispanio, pro escepte dramaj kaj longda\u016Draj: tiom la demografio \u2014 mortindico kaj malaltigo de la naskindico kio markis la lo\u011Dantarpiramidon dum generacioj \u2014 kiom la materialaj kondi\u0109oj \u2014 detruo de urboj, de la ekonomia strukturo, de la arta hereda\u0135o \u2014, la intelektularo \u2014 fino de la nomita Ar\u011Dentepoko de la hispanaj beletroj kaj sciencoj \u2014 la politiko \u2014 la subpremado en la ariegardo de amba\u016D zonoj, plufarita de la venkintoj pli malpli intense dum la Frankisma Hispanio, kaj la respublikana ekzilo \u2014, kiuj plilongi\u011Dis multe post la plilongigita postmilito, inklude la escepton geopolitikan de la pluekzisto de la diktatora re\u011Dimo de Franco \u011Dis 1975, kaj de multaj el ties trajtoj (heredata monarkio, polico, jursistemo, katolika hegemonio ktp.) \u011Dis nuntempe."@eo . "\u0160pan\u011Blsk\u00E1 ob\u010Dansk\u00E1 v\u00E1lka"@cs . . . . . . "*Army of Africa" . . . . . . . "" . . "Juan Yag\u00FCe"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . 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\u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B4\u03C5\u03BD\u03AC\u03BC\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2. \u039A\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u03C4\u03B7 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C1\u03BA\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03BC\u03C6\u03C5\u03BB\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03AD\u03BC\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B7 \u0393\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B1\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1 (Luftwaffe) \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03AF\u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03B9\u03C7\u03B7 \u0399\u03C4\u03B1\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B2\u03BF\u03BC\u03B2\u03AC\u03C1\u03B4\u03B9\u03C3\u03B1\u03BD \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03BB\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C0\u03CC\u03BB\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C7\u03C9\u03C1\u03B9\u03AC. \u0391\u03BD\u03AC\u03BC\u03B5\u03C3\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03BA\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C0\u03CC\u03BB\u03B7 \u0393\u03BA\u03B5\u03C1\u03BD\u03AF\u03BA\u03B1 (Guernica/Gernika), \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B9\u03C3\u03BF\u03C0\u03AD\u03B4\u03C9\u03C3\u03B1\u03BD \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 26 \u0391\u03C0\u03C1\u03B9\u03BB\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1937 \u03C3\u03BA\u03BF\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BC\u03CC\u03BD\u03BF \u03B1\u03BC\u03AC\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2. \u039F \u03A0\u03AC\u03BC\u03C0\u03BB\u03BF \u03A0\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC\u03C3\u03BF, \u03C3\u03C5\u03B3\u03BA\u03BB\u03BF\u03BD\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7 \u03C6\u03C1\u03AF\u03BA\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03C6\u03AE\u03C2, \u03B6\u03C9\u03B3\u03C1\u03AC\u03C6\u03B9\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03BF\u03BC\u03CE\u03BD\u03C5\u03BC\u03BF \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03BF \u03C0\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03BA\u03AC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5."@el . . . . . . . . . . "The Spanish Civil War (Spanish: Guerra Civil Espa\u00F1ola) was a civil war in Spain fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the left-leaning Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic, and consisted of various socialist, communist, separatist, anarchist, and republican parties, some of which had opposed the government in the pre-war period. The opposing Nationalists were an alliance of Falangists, monarchists, conservatives, and traditionalists led by a military junta among whom General Francisco Franco quickly achieved a preponderant role. Due to the international political climate at the time, the war had many facets and was variously viewed as class struggle, a religious struggle, a struggle between dictatorship and republican democracy, between revolution and counterrevolution, and between fascism and communism. According to Claude Bowers, U.S. ambassador to Spain during the war, it was the \"dress rehearsal\" for World War II. The Nationalists won the war, which ended in early 1939, and ruled Spain until Franco's death in November 1975. The war began after the partial failure of the coup d'\u00E9tat of July 1936 against the Republican government by a group of generals of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces, with General Emilio Mola as the primary planner and leader and having General Jos\u00E9 Sanjurjo as a figurehead. The government at the time was a coalition of Republicans, supported in the Cortes by communist and socialist parties, under the leadership of centre-left President Manuel Aza\u00F1a. The Nationalist group was supported by a number of conservative groups, including CEDA, monarchists, including both the opposing Alfonsists and the religious conservative Carlists, and the Falange Espa\u00F1ola de las JONS, a fascist political party. After the deaths of Sanjurjo, Emilio Mola and Manuel Goded Llopis, Franco emerged as the remaining leader of the Nationalist side. The coup was supported by military units in Morocco, Pamplona, Burgos, Zaragoza, Valladolid, C\u00E1diz, C\u00F3rdoba, and Seville. However, rebelling units in almost all important cities\u2014such as Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Bilbao, and M\u00E1laga\u2014did not gain control, and those cities remained under the control of the government. This left Spain militarily and politically divided. The Nationalists and the Republican government fought for control of the country. The Nationalist forces received munitions, soldiers, and air support from Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, while the Republican side received support from the Soviet Union and Mexico. Other countries, such as the United Kingdom, France, and the United States, continued to recognise the Republican government but followed an official policy of non-intervention. Despite this policy, tens of thousands of citizens from non-interventionist countries directly participated in the conflict. They fought mostly in the pro-Republican International Brigades, which also included several thousand exiles from pro-Nationalist regimes. The Nationalists advanced from their strongholds in the south and west, capturing most of Spain's northern coastline in 1937. They also besieged Madrid and the area to its south and west for much of the war. After much of Catalonia was captured in 1938 and 1939, and Madrid cut off from Barcelona, the Republican military position became hopeless. Following the fall without resistance of Barcelona in January 1939, the Francoist regime was recognised by France and the United Kingdom in February 1939. On 5 March 1939, in response to an alleged increasing communist dominance of the republican government and the deteriorating military situation, Colonel Segismundo Casado led a military coup against the Republican government, with the intention of seeking peace with the Nationalists. These peace overtures, however, were rejected by Franco. Following internal conflict between Republican factions in Madrid in the same month, Franco entered the capital and declared victory on 1 April 1939. Hundreds of thousands of Spaniards fled to refugee camps in southern France. Those associated with the losing Republicans who stayed were persecuted by the victorious Nationalists. Franco established a dictatorship in which all right-wing parties were fused into the structure of the Franco regime. The war became notable for the passion and political division it inspired and for the many atrocities that occurred. Organised purges occurred in territory captured by Franco's forces so they could consolidate their future regime. Mass executions on a lesser scale also took place in areas controlled by the Republicans, with the participation of local authorities varying from location to location."@en . . . "2014-03-26"^^ . "right"@en . . . "Juan Hern\u00E1ndez Saravia"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0413\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0434\u044F\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0430 \u0432 \u0406\u0441\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0457"@uk . "----" . . . . . . . . . . . "Jos\u00E9 Enrique Varela"@en . . "\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u5185\u6218"@zh . . "13,000 sailors" . "Emilio Mola"@en . . . "Guerra civile spagnola"@it . "\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . "Guerra Civil Espanhola"@pt . . . "59380"^^ . . . . "La guerra civil espa\u00F1ola o guerra de Espa\u00F1a,\u200B\u200B\u200B\u200B tambi\u00E9n conocida por los espa\u00F1oles como Guerra Civil por antonomasia,\u200B\u200B o simplemente la Guerra, fue un conflicto b\u00E9lico \u2014que m\u00E1s tarde repercutir\u00EDa tambi\u00E9n en una crisis econ\u00F3mica\u2014 que se desencaden\u00F3 en Espa\u00F1a tras el fracaso parcial del golpe de Estado del 17 y 18 de julio de 1936 perpetrado por una parte de las fuerzas armadas contra el Gobierno electo de la Segunda Rep\u00FAblica. Tras el bloqueo del estrecho de Gibraltar y el posterior puente a\u00E9reo que, gracias a la r\u00E1pida colaboraci\u00F3n de la Alemania nazi y la Italia fascista, traslad\u00F3 las tropas rebeldes desde el territorio marroqu\u00ED a la Espa\u00F1a peninsular en las \u00FAltimas semanas de julio,\u200B\u200B comenzando as\u00ED una guerra civil que concluir\u00EDa el s\u00E1bado 1 de abril de 1939 con el \u00FAltimo parte de gue"@es . . . . . ""@en . . . . . . . . . . "Segismundo Casado"@en . . . . . 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"The Church was a frequent target of the revolutionary left in the Republic and in the War. During the Civil War, revolutionaries destroyed/burned some 20,000 churches, along with church artwork and tombs, books, archives, and palaces. A vast number of affected buildings are today defunct."@en . . . "* End of theSecond Spanish Republic" . . . . "\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0430\u0301 \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043F\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0438\u0438 (\u0438\u0441\u043F. 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"\u0399\u03C3\u03C0\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C2 \u03B5\u03BC\u03C6\u03CD\u03BB\u03B9\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C0\u03CC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03BF\u03C2"@el . "c. 500,000 total killed"@en . . "Espainiako Gerra Zibila"@eu . . . "\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u5185\u6230\uFF08\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u8A9E\uFF1AGuerra Civil Espa\u00F1ola\uFF1B1936\u5E747\u670817\u65E5\uFF0D1939\u5E744\u67081\u65E5\uFF09\u662F\u5728\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5171\u548C\u570B\u767C\u751F\u7684\u4E00\u5834\u5167\u6230\uFF0C\u7531\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u5171\u548C\u519B\u548C\u4EBA\u6C11\u9635\u7EBF\u7B49\u5DE6\u7FFC\u968A\u4F0D\u5C0D\u6297\u4EE5\u5F17\u6717\u897F\u65AF\u79D1\u00B7\u4F5B\u6717\u54E5\u70BA\u6838\u5FC3\u7684\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u570B\u6C11\u8ECD\u548C\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u9577\u69CD\u9EE8\uFF1B\u4EBA\u6C11\u9663\u7DDA\u5F97\u5230\u8607\u806F\u8207\u58A8\u897F\u54E5\u7684\u63F4\u52A9\uFF0C\u800C\u4F5B\u6717\u54E5\u7684\u570B\u6C11\u8ECD\u5247\u6709\u7D0D\u7CB9\u5FB7\u570B\u3001\u7FA9\u5927\u5229\u738B\u570B\u53CA\u8461\u8404\u7259\u7684\u652F\u6301\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u610F\u8B58\u5F62\u614B\u53CA\u5206\u96E2\u4E3B\u4E49\u885D\u7A81\uFF0C\u6CD5\u897F\u65AF\u548C\u5171\u7522\u4E3B\u4E49\u52E2\u529B\u7684\u4EE3\u7406\u6230\u722D\uFF0C\u4F7F\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u5167\u6230\u88AB\u8A8D\u70BA\u662F\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6230\u7684\u524D\u594F\u3002 \u897F\u73ED\u7259\u5167\u6230\u7206\u767C\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u539F\u56E0\u662F\u7576\u6642\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u7A2E\u7A2E\u7684\u793E\u6703\u77DB\u76FE\uFF0C\u5DE6\u53F3\u7FFC\u5206\u5B50\u4E92\u76F8\u653B\u64CA\u3001\u653F\u5E9C\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5931\u6557\u3001\u820A\u52E2\u529B\u8ECD\u4EBA\u8207\u5B97\u6559\u4EBA\u58EB\u7684\u4E0D\u6EFF\uFF0C\u9577\u671F\u4E0B\u4F86\u4F7F\u5F97\u5C0D\u7ACB\u8D70\u5411\u6B66\u88DD\u9B25\u722D\uFF0C\u6700\u5F8C\u5728\u53F3\u7FFC\u8ECD\u4EBA\u7684\u7B56\u5283\u4E0B\u5F15\u767C\u4E86\u5167\u6230\u3002\u53E6\u5916\uFF0C\u9019\u5834\u6230\u722D\u9996\u6B21\u51FA\u73FE\u98DB\u6A5F\u5C0D\u5766\u514B\u7684\u8F5F\u70B8\u548C\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u5C0D\u4E0D\u8A2D\u9632\u57CE\u5E02\u7684\u5927\u898F\u6A21\u8F5F\u70B8\uFF0C\u570B\u969B\u9593\u5C0D\u6B64\u6230\u722D\u4E5F\u5341\u5206\u6CE8\u76EE\uFF0C\u5C0F\u8AAA\u5BB6\u6B27\u5185\u65AF\u7279\u00B7\u6D77\u660E\u5A01\u3001\u82F1\u570B\u8A18\u8005\u4E54\u6CBB\u00B7\u5965\u5A01\u5C14\u3001\u6230\u5730\u651D\u5F71\u8A18\u8005\u7F57\u4F2F\u7279\u00B7\u5361\u5E15\u7B49\u4EBA\u5747\u5C0D\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u5167\u6230\u505A\u4E86\u8A73\u7D30\u7684\u5831\u5C0E\u548C\u7814\u7A76\u3002\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u5167\u6230\u4E5F\u4EE5\u4EA4\u6230\u96D9\u65B9\u8650\u6BBA\u6230\u4FD8\u805E\u540D\uFF0C\u58EB\u5175\u5916\u7684\u5E73\u6C11\u4E5F\u5E38\u56E0\u70BA\u5B97\u6559\u4FE1\u4EF0\u4E4B\u4E0D\u540C\u800C\u4E92\u76F8\u6BBA\u5BB3\u30021939\u5E744\u6708\uFF0C\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u570B\u6C11\u8ECD\u7372\u5F97\u52DD\u5229\uFF0C\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5171\u548C\u570B\u6EC5\u4EA1\uFF0C\u7531\u5F17\u6717\u897F\u65AF\u79D1\u00B7\u4F5B\u6717\u54E5\u65BD\u884C\u7368\u88C1\u7D71\u6CBB\uFF0C\u9032\u5165\u4F5B\u6717\u54E5\u7EDF\u6CBB\u65F6\u671F\uFF0C\u4F5B\u6717\u54E5\u64D4\u4EFB\u651D\u653F\u76F4\u81F31975\u5E74\u53BB\u4E16\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Joaqu\u00EDn Ascaso"@en . . "10000"^^ . . "\u30B9\u30DA\u30A4\u30F3\u5185\u6226\uFF08\u30B9\u30DA\u30A4\u30F3\u306A\u3044\u305B\u3093\u3001\u30B9\u30DA\u30A4\u30F3\u8A9E\uFF1AGuerra Civil Espa\u00F1ola\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ASpanish Civil War\uFF09\u306F\u30011936\u5E74\u304B\u30891939\u5E74\u307E\u3067\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5171\u548C\u653F\u671F\u306E\u30B9\u30DA\u30A4\u30F3\u3067\u767A\u751F\u3057\u305F\u5185\u6226\u3002\u30DE\u30CC\u30A8\u30EB\u30FB\u30A2\u30B5\u30FC\u30CB\u30E3\u7387\u3044\u308B\u5DE6\u6D3E\u306E\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u4EBA\u6C11\u6226\u7DDA\u653F\u5E9C\uFF08\u30ED\u30A4\u30E4\u30EA\u30B9\u30C8\u6D3E\uFF09\u3068\u3001\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B7\u30B9\u30B3\u30FB\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B3\u3092\u4E2D\u5FC3\u3068\u3057\u305F\u53F3\u6D3E\u306E\u53CD\u4E71\u8ECD\uFF08\u30CA\u30B7\u30E7\u30CA\u30EA\u30B9\u30C8\u6D3E\uFF09\u3068\u304C\u4E89\u3063\u305F\u3002\u53CD\u30D5\u30A1\u30B7\u30BA\u30E0\u9663\u55B6\u3067\u3042\u308B\u4EBA\u6C11\u6226\u7DDA\u3092\u30BD\u30D3\u30A8\u30C8\u9023\u90A6\u3001\u30E1\u30AD\u30B7\u30B3\u304C\u652F\u63F4\u3057\u3001\u6B27\u7C73\u5E02\u6C11\u6587\u5316\u4EBA\u30FB\u77E5\u8B58\u4EBA\u3089\u3082\u6570\u591A\u304F\u7FA9\u52C7\u5175\uFF08\u56FD\u969B\u65C5\u56E3\uFF09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53C2\u6226\u3001\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B3\u3092\u30D5\u30A1\u30B7\u30BA\u30E0\u9663\u55B6\u306E\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u3001\u30A4\u30BF\u30EA\u30A2\u3001\u30DD\u30EB\u30C8\u30AC\u30EB\u304C\u652F\u6301\u30FB\u76F4\u63A5\u53C2\u6226\u3057\u305F\u3002"@ja . "12"^^ . . . . "La guerra civile spagnola (in spagnolo Guerra civil espa\u00F1ola, nota in Italia anche come guerra di Spagna) fu un conflitto armato nato in conseguenza al colpo di Stato militare del 17 luglio 1936, che vide contrapposte le forze nazionaliste guidate da una giunta militare, contro le forze del legittimo governo della Repubblica Spagnola, sostenuta dal Fronte popolare, una coalizione di partiti democratici che aveva vinto le elezioni nel febbraio precedente.Obbedendo a un piano prestabilito, la guarnigione militare di stanza nel Marocco spagnolo si era ribellata al governo della Repubblica, e nei tre giorni successivi un gran numero di unit\u00E0 militari al comando di cospiratori si sollevarono anche sul territorio metropolitano, cercando di assumere il controllo di pi\u00F9 vaste aree del paese e di s"@it . . . . "50000"^^ . "Clockwise from top-left: members of the XI International Brigade at the Battle of Belchite; Granollers after being bombed by Nationalists aviation in 1938; Bombing of an airfield in Spanish Morocco; Republican soldiers at the siege of the Alc\u00E1zar; Nationalist soldiers operating an anti-aircraft gun; The Lincoln Battalion"@en . . . . "Perang Saudara Spanyol (bahasa Spanyol: Guerra Civil Espa\u00F1ola) adalah perang saudara di Spanyol yang berlangsung dari 17 Juli 1936 hingga 1 April 1939, adalah konflik antara kaum Nasionalis yang dipimpin oleh Jenderal Francisco Franco yang mengalahkan kaum Loyalis yang dipimpin oleh Presiden dari Republik Spanyol Kedua. Kaum Loyalis mendapatkan senjata dan relawan dari Uni Soviet dan gerakan Komunis internasional, sementara kaum Nasionalis (atau Francois) didukung oleh negara-negara Fasis, termasuk Italia dan Jerman. Kaum Republikan terdiri atas kaum sentris (tengah) yang mendukung demokrasi liberal kapitalis hingga komunis dan kaum revolusioner . Basis kekuatan mereka terutama adalah sekuler dan urban (meskipun juga termasuk kaum buruh tani yang tidak memiliki tanah) dan khususnya kuat d"@in . "Foreign volunteers" . . . . . . "31"^^ . . "16"^^ . . . "18842471"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1124797198"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "1936"^^ . "Euzko Gudarostea" . . "1938"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Guerre d'Espagne"@fr . "1936-07-17"^^ . "200"^^ . . . . . . "Bandera FE JONS.svg"@en . "3,015 Soviet technicians" . . "Francisco Franco"@en . . "450,000 infantry" . . . . . . . . . . . . ""@en . . . . . "*CNT-FAI" . . . . . . . "La Guerra Civil espanyola (17 de juliol de 1936 - 1 d'abril de 1939) va ser un conflicte b\u00E8l\u00B7lic que va enfrontar el govern de la Segona Rep\u00FAblica Espanyola, que tenia el suport de les organitzacions d'esquerres, contra una part de l'ex\u00E8rcit i de les organitzacions de dretes. Va ser un fet hist\u00F2ric decisiu de l'Espanya del segle xx, ja que el cop d'estat i la posterior guerra civil van representar la culminaci\u00F3 de totes les contradiccions socials, pol\u00EDtiques i ideol\u00F2giques que s'havien generat a la societat en el curs dels decennis anteriors. La guerra es va iniciar amb un al\u00E7ament militar el 17 de juliol de 1936 a la guarnici\u00F3 de Melilla, que l'endem\u00E0 es va estendre pertot arreu de l'Estat. El president Santiago Casares va ser substitu\u00EFt per Jos\u00E9 Giral, qui va ordenar el repartiment d'armament entre la poblaci\u00F3 civil, facilitant la derrota dels insurrectes als principals nuclis industrials, Madrid i les capitals mediterr\u00E0nies, per\u00F2 el frac\u00E0s de la revolta va donar pas a una guerra llarga i sagnant. Les tropes de l'ex\u00E8rcit afric\u00E0 del general Francisco Franco van creuar l'estret de Gibraltar i es van unir a les del general Queipo de Llano a Sevilla, i a la vegada, el seu r\u00E0pid avan\u00E7 els va permetre contactar amb l'ex\u00E8rcit del Nord, comandat pel general Mola. Durant el 1937 la guerra es va lliurar en tres fronts: l'intent franquista de conquerir Madrid i el nord industrial, mentre els republicans intentaven infructuosament dominar les principals ciutats de l'Arag\u00F3. El general insurrecte Franco va llan\u00E7ar una ofensiva en el front d'Arag\u00F3 el maig de 1938 per tal d'arribar a la Mediterr\u00E0nia i dividir el territori dominat pels republicans, objectiu assolit amb l'ocupaci\u00F3 de Vinar\u00F2s el mes d'abril. La reacci\u00F3 republicana va ser una ofensiva sobre la l\u00EDnia de l'Ebre, que signific\u00E0 la campanya m\u00E9s llarga i sagnant de la guerra civil. La batalla de l'Ebre va acabar amb la derrota de l'ex\u00E8rcit republic\u00E0 i va deixar el cam\u00ED lliure per a l'ocupaci\u00F3 franquista de Catalunya; fet que va precipitar la fi de la guerra. Franco la va donar per acabada l'1 d'abril de 1939, tres dies despr\u00E9s que el coronel Segismundo Casado lliur\u00E9s Madrid. La rereguarda republicana havia viscut situacions dif\u00EDcils que van afeblir la seva capacitat a causa de les divisions entre els diferents partits pol\u00EDtics i forces sindicals que en molts llocs van fer simultani l'esfor\u00E7 de guerra amb l'intent d'organitzar una revoluci\u00F3 social. La rereguarda de la zona revoltada, en canvi, va tenir una direcci\u00F3 pol\u00EDtica i militar molt m\u00E9s centralitzada, que amb el suport de l'Alemanya nazi i la It\u00E0lia feixista va fer m\u00E9s efectiva, i una repressi\u00F3 que va continuar durant la dictadura franquista contra els moviments d'esquerra i la cultura i la llengua catalana, basca i gallega."@ca . "16000"^^ . . . . . . . . "Mario Roatta"@en . . "58,000 soldiers" . . . . . . "446,800 combatants" . . . "110000"^^ . "100000"^^ . "10,000Portuguese volunteers" . . . . "FET y de las JONS" . . . . . . . . . . "7,000 sailors" . "La Guerra Civil espanyola (17 de juliol de 1936 - 1 d'abril de 1939) va ser un conflicte b\u00E8l\u00B7lic que va enfrontar el govern de la Segona Rep\u00FAblica Espanyola, que tenia el suport de les organitzacions d'esquerres, contra una part de l'ex\u00E8rcit i de les organitzacions de dretes. Va ser un fet hist\u00F2ric decisiu de l'Espanya del segle xx, ja que el cop d'estat i la posterior guerra civil van representar la culminaci\u00F3 de totes les contradiccions socials, pol\u00EDtiques i ideol\u00F2giques que s'havien generat a la societat en el curs dels decennis anteriors."@ca . . . . . . . . . "*Popular Front" . . . "*"@en . . "350 aircraft" . "Buenaventura Durruti"@en . . . . . "*Generalitat de Catalunya" . . . "Spaanse Burgeroorlog"@nl . . . "Der Spanische B\u00FCrgerkrieg (auch als Spanienkrieg bezeichnet) wurde in Spanien von Juli 1936 bis April 1939 zwischen der demokratisch gew\u00E4hlten Regierung der Zweiten Spanischen Republik (\u201ERepublikanern\u201C) und den rechtsgerichteten Putschisten unter General Francisco Franco (\u201ENationalisten\u201C) ausgetragen. Mit Unterst\u00FCtzung und nach milit\u00E4rischer Intervention der faschistischen bzw. nationalsozialistischen Verb\u00FCndeten aus Italien und Deutschland siegte das B\u00FCndnis aus konservativen Milit\u00E4rs, katholischer CEDA, den Karlisten und der faschistischen Falange. Diesem Sieg folgte das Ende der Republik in Spanien und die bis zum Tode Francos 1975 anhaltende franquistische Diktatur."@de . . . . . . . . . ""@en . . "Hiszpa\u0144ska wojna domowa"@pl . . . "68500"^^ . . "De Spaanse Burgeroorlog was een groot conflict dat uitgevochten werd in Spanje van 17 juli 1936 tot 1 april 1939. De oorlog begon na een pronunciamiento (oppositieverklaring) van een groep rechtse generaals onder leiding van Jos\u00E9 Sanjurjo tegen de regering van de Tweede Spaanse Republiek, op dat moment onder leiding van president Manuel Aza\u00F1a. De militaire staatsgreep werd gesteund door conservatieve groepen als de CEDA, monarchisten zoals de religieus-conservatieve carlisten, en de fascistische falangisten. De generaals hadden autoritaire en anti-separatistische inspiratiebronnen. Aan nationalistische zijde waren er sterke anti-Baskische en anti-Catalaanse gevoelens."@nl . . . . "Main altarpiece of the Church del Salvador before it was burned by Republicans.jpg"@en . . . . . . . . . "13000"^^ . . . . "*People's Army" . "249418"^^ .