. . . "Somerled (Fornnordiska: Sumarli\u00F0r, Skotsk gaeliska: Somhairle), var en milit\u00E4r och politisk ledare \u00F6ver den skotska v\u00E4stkustens \u00F6ar under 1100-talet. Han \u00E4r beskriven som \u201Cregulus\u201D av Argyll och kung av Suder\u00F8yene och Kintyre och stamfar till bland annat the MacDonalds (de senare Lord of the Isles).Hans namn betyder sommarresande och \u00E4r en kenning f\u00F6r viking."@sv . . . . "1164"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Princess Ragnhildis Olafsdatter of Man"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Somerled (n\u00F3rdico antiguo: Sumarli\u00F0i; ga\u00E9lico escoc\u00E9s: Somhairle) (n. 1113 en \u2013 m. 1164 en Renfrew, Escocia), fue un caudillo escoc\u00E9s, rey de Kintyre, conquistador del reino de Mann y las Islas, apodado en las cr\u00F3nicas contempor\u00E1neas como ri Innse Gall (\u00ABrey de las Islas\u00BB, en referencia a las H\u00E9bridas).\u200B Somerled era hijo de , thane de Argyll,\u200B descendiente en sexta generaci\u00F3n de Gofraid mac Fergusa, Se\u00F1or de las Islas, y seg\u00FAn las genealog\u00EDas irlandesas de Ard r\u00ED \u00C9renn tambi\u00E9n del legendario Colla Uais, mientras que su madre era sin duda hiberno-n\u00F3rdica.\u200B"@es . . . . "Somerled (n\u00F3rdico antigo: Sumarli\u00F0i, ga\u00E9lico escoc\u00EAs: Somhairle, comumente anglicizada do ga\u00E9lico como Sorley) foi um l\u00EDder pol\u00EDtico e militar das ilhas escocesas no s\u00E9culo XII, sendo conhecido em ga\u00E9lico como ri Innse Gall (\"Rei das H\u00E9bridas\"). Seu pai foi Gillebride, de nobre ascend\u00EAncia ga\u00E9lica e tamb\u00E9m n\u00F3rdica. O nome Somerled, muito comum entre os viquingues, significa viajante do ver\u00E3o e \u00E9 uma kenning (figura de linguagem) para viquingue."@pt . . . . . . . . . . "Somerled (died 1164), known in Middle Irish as Somairle, Somhairle, and Somhairlidh, and in Old Norse as Sumarli\u00F0i [\u02C8sum\u0251r\u02CCli\u00F0e], was a mid-12th-century Norse-Gaelic lord who, through marital alliance and military conquest, rose in prominence to create the Kingdom of Argyll and the Isles. Little is certain of Somerled's origins, although he may have been born in northern Ireland and appears to have belonged to a Norse\u2013Gaelic family of some prominence. His father, GilleBride, of royal Irish ancestry, appears to have conducted a marriage alliance with M\u00E1el Coluim mac Alaxandair, son of Alexander I of Scotland, and claimant to the Scottish throne. During a period of alliance with David I of Scotland, Somerled married Ragnhild, daughter of \u00D3l\u00E1fr Gu\u00F0r\u00F8\u00F0arson, King of Man and the Isles in 1140. In 1153, Olaf of Man died and was succeeded by his son, Godred. But Godred Olafsson was a very unpopular ruler. Somerled was asked by Thorfinn Ottarson, a Manx chief, to allow Somerled's son, Dugall, to be appointed king of Man and the Isles. Somerled agreed and with 80 ships confronted Godred off the coast of Islay on January 5\u20136, 1156. After the sea battle, Somerled and Godred divided the Kingdom of Man and the Isles between them but Godred did not accept Dugall as King of Man. Accordingly, two years later, Somerled defeated and drove Godred from power. Dugall continued as King of Man and Somerled thus ruled the entire kingdom of Argyll, Man and the Isles until his death. Somerled was slain in 1164 at the Battle of Renfrew, amidst an invasion of mainland Scotland, commanding forces drawn from all over his kingdom. The reasons for his attack are unknown. He may have wished to nullify Scottish encroachment, but the scale of his venture suggests that he nursed greater ambitions. On his death, Somerled's vast kingdom disintegrated, although his sons retained much of the southern Hebridean portion. Compared to his immediate descendants, who associated themselves with reformed religious orders, Somerled may have been something of a religious traditionalist. In the last year of his life, he attempted to persuade the head of the Columban monastic community, , Abbot of Derry, to relocate from Ireland to Iona, a sacred island within Somerled's sphere of influence. Unfortunately for Somerled, his demise denied him the ecclesiastical reunification he sought, and decades later his descendants oversaw the obliteration of the island's Columban monastery. Iona's oldest surviving building, St Oran's Chapel, dates to the mid-12th century, and may have been built by Somerled or his family. Traditionally considered a Celtic hero, who vanquished Viking foes and fostered a Gaelic renaissance, contemporary sources reveal that while Somerled considered himself the leader of the Gaels of what was once old Dalriada, he operated in, and belonged to, the same Norse-Gaelic cultural environment as his maritime neighbours. By the time he took as his wife Ragnhild, daughter of Olafr Godredsson, King of the Isles, a member of the Crovan dynasty, Somerled was already Lord of Argyll, Kintyre and Lorne. Through Ragnhild and his descendants, he claimed the Kingdom of Man and the Isles. A later medieval successor to this kingdom, the Lordship of the Isles, was ruled by Somerled's descendants until the late 15th century. Regarded as a significant figure in 12th-century Scottish, Gaelic and Manx history, Somerled is proudly proclaimed as a patrilineal ancestor by several Scottish clans. Recent genetic studies suggest that Somerled has hundreds of thousands of patrilineal descendants and that his patrilineal origins lie in Ireland as well as Scandinavia."@en . "Somerled (Fornnordiska: Sumarli\u00F0r, Skotsk gaeliska: Somhairle), var en milit\u00E4r och politisk ledare \u00F6ver den skotska v\u00E4stkustens \u00F6ar under 1100-talet. Han \u00E4r beskriven som \u201Cregulus\u201D av Argyll och kung av Suder\u00F8yene och Kintyre och stamfar till bland annat the MacDonalds (de senare Lord of the Isles).Hans namn betyder sommarresande och \u00E4r en kenning f\u00F6r viking."@sv . . . . "Somerled"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "95240"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1158"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "GilleBride, Dubgall, Ragnall, Aonghas, Olaf, Beth\u00F3c"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1100217579"^^ . . "GilleBride"@en . . . . . "Somerled (n\u00F3rdico antiguo: Sumarli\u00F0i; ga\u00E9lico escoc\u00E9s: Somhairle) (n. 1113 en \u2013 m. 1164 en Renfrew, Escocia), fue un caudillo escoc\u00E9s, rey de Kintyre, conquistador del reino de Mann y las Islas, apodado en las cr\u00F3nicas contempor\u00E1neas como ri Innse Gall (\u00ABrey de las Islas\u00BB, en referencia a las H\u00E9bridas).\u200B Somerled era hijo de , thane de Argyll,\u200B descendiente en sexta generaci\u00F3n de Gofraid mac Fergusa, Se\u00F1or de las Islas, y seg\u00FAn las genealog\u00EDas irlandesas de Ard r\u00ED \u00C9renn tambi\u00E9n del legendario Colla Uais, mientras que su madre era sin duda hiberno-n\u00F3rdica.\u200B En 1153 fallecen dos reyes vecinos David I de Escocia y Olaf I de Mann, una situaci\u00F3n pol\u00EDticamente inestable en la regi\u00F3n que favorece los apetitos de Somerled que tres a\u00F1os despu\u00E9s ataca Escocia y la isla de Man. Mann estaba por entonces gobernada por el heredero de Olaf, Godfred, que adem\u00E1s era cu\u00F1ado de Somerled (estaba casado con una media hermana de Godfred). Un grupo de maneses descontentos con el despotismo del rey de Mann proponen a Somerled que su hijo les gobierne. Somerled acepta y el 5 de enero de 1156 Godfred V sufre derrota en una batalla naval, que le obliga a dividir el reino entre ambos pretendientes. El acuerdo no perdura y Godfred sufre otra derrota al enfrentarse a Somerled en 1158 y huye de Mann para refugiarse en la corte de Inge I de Noruega en 1159.\u200B Los escoceses y los hiberno-n\u00F3rdicos descendientes de los vikingos ya formaban por entonces un solo pueblo, bajo el amparo de un caudillo y compartiendo el mismo modo de vida. Bajo el reinado de Malcolm IV de Escocia, los Estuardo inician incursiones en el flanco occidental y Somerled se vio obligado a dirigir un gran ej\u00E9rcito para repeler los ataques. Esta ofensiva le permite de entrar en la tierra de los Estuardo y llegar a Renfrew, donde ambos ej\u00E9rcitos se enfrentan en el campo de batalla en 1164 y muere Somerled y su hijo Gillabrigte (seg\u00FAn las cr\u00F3nicas de Mann: Gillecolm), fruto de su primer matrimonio. Su ej\u00E9rcito se retir\u00F3 de la regi\u00F3n. Tras la muerte de Somerled, muchos se\u00F1ores de la guerra embistieron a su reino en varias ocasiones, pero los territorios se mantuvieron bajo el control de los descendientes de Somerled y Godfred V. Existe la teor\u00EDa que los se\u00F1ores ga\u00E9licos del siglo XII Fergus de Galloway y Somerled, pudieron ser descendientes del jarl Gilli, un vikingo de las H\u00E9bridas.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0421\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0440\u043B\u0435\u0434"@ru . . . . . . . "\u0421\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0440\u043B\u0435\u0434 (\u0433\u044D\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A. Somhairle) \u2014 \u0433\u044D\u043B\u043E-\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0446, \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0438 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C (1156\u20141164) \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u041E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0432 \u043D\u0430 \u0413\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043D\u043E\u043C \u043F\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u044C\u0435 \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0438."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Somerled (lingua norrena: Sumarli\u00F0i, Lingua gaelica scozzese Somhairle) (Circa 1100 \u2013 , 1164) fu un capo militare e politico delle isole scozzesi del XII secolo, noto in gaelico come ri Innse Gall (\"Re delle Ebridi\")."@it . . . . . . . . "right"@en . . . . . . . . . "Somerled"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Somerled"@en . . . . . "Somerled"@de . . . . "Somerled (Sumarli\u00F0i en vieux norrois, Somhairle en ga\u00E9lique) est un seigneur de guerre du XIIe si\u00E8cle qui s'\u00E9l\u00E8ve au rang de roi des \u00CEles. D'origine incertaine, mais apparent\u00E9 par alliance \u00E0 la famille royale d'\u00C9cosse, il se dresse contre son beau-fr\u00E8re Godred Olafsson et le contraint \u00E0 partager le royaume de Man et des \u00CEles avec lui en 1156, avant de le chasser du pouvoir en 1158. Sa mort \u00E0 la , en 1164, entra\u00EEne la dislocation de son royaume, qui est disput\u00E9 entre ses descendants et ceux de Godred par la suite. Apr\u00E8s sa mort, il acquiert la stature d'un h\u00E9ros de l\u00E9gende, le d\u00E9fenseur des peuples celtiques contre l'envahisseur norrois et l'initiateur d'une renaissance ga\u00E9lique. En r\u00E9alit\u00E9, Somerled refl\u00E8te parfaitement la culture hybride qui pr\u00E9valait dans les H\u00E9brides \u00E0 son \u00E9poque."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Somerled's name as it appears on folio 35v. of British Library MS Cotton Julius A VII : \"Sumeledo\"."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1164"^^ . . "Somerled"@it . . . . . . . . "Book of Ballymote, MS23 P12 f57v excerpt.jpg"@en . . . . . . . "Somerled"@en . . . . . "\u0421\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0440\u043B\u0435\u0434 (\u0433\u044D\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A. Somhairle) \u2014 \u0433\u044D\u043B\u043E-\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0446, \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0438 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C (1156\u20141164) \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u041E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0432 \u043D\u0430 \u0413\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043D\u043E\u043C \u043F\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u044C\u0435 \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0438."@ru . . . . . . . . "Somerled (died 1164), known in Middle Irish as Somairle, Somhairle, and Somhairlidh, and in Old Norse as Sumarli\u00F0i [\u02C8sum\u0251r\u02CCli\u00F0e], was a mid-12th-century Norse-Gaelic lord who, through marital alliance and military conquest, rose in prominence to create the Kingdom of Argyll and the Isles. Little is certain of Somerled's origins, although he may have been born in northern Ireland and appears to have belonged to a Norse\u2013Gaelic family of some prominence. His father, GilleBride, of royal Irish ancestry, appears to have conducted a marriage alliance with M\u00E1el Coluim mac Alaxandair, son of Alexander I of Scotland, and claimant to the Scottish throne. During a period of alliance with David I of Scotland, Somerled married Ragnhild, daughter of \u00D3l\u00E1fr Gu\u00F0r\u00F8\u00F0arson, King of Man and the Isles in 1140. "@en . "Great Book of Lecan, MS23 P2 f81r excerpt.jpg"@en . "probably Iona"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "c. 1158\u20131164"@en . "Somerled (lingua norrena: Sumarli\u00F0i, Lingua gaelica scozzese Somhairle) (Circa 1100 \u2013 , 1164) fu un capo militare e politico delle isole scozzesi del XII secolo, noto in gaelico come ri Innse Gall (\"Re delle Ebridi\")."@it . . . . . . "The late fourteenth- and early fifteenth-century Book of Ballymote and Great Book of Lecan contain versions of Somerled's traditional pedigree.ref|These particular pedigrees concern Somerled's great-great-great grandson, John MacDonald, Lord of the Isles (d. 1387), and trace his lineage back to Colla Uais.|group=note"@en . . . . . . . . "(320 * 138 / 367) round 0"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Somerled"@sv . . . . . . . . "Somerled"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "3301190"^^ . . "Somerled (altnordisch Sumarli\u00F0i, schottisch-g\u00E4lisch Somhairlidh, mittelirisch: Somairle, Somhairle, anglisiert auch \u201ESorley\u201C; Lord of Argyll, Regulus von Argyll und Kintyre, K\u00F6nig der Hebriden, g\u00E4lisch Somhairle, auch Somairle oder Sorley; \u2020 1164 bei Renfrew) war ein schottischer Adliger. Er war ab den 1150er Jahren der dominierende Herrscher im Bereich der westschottischen Inseln und rebellierte zweimal gegen die schottischen K\u00F6nige."@de . . "(320 * 180 / 476) round 0"@en . "Somerled (n\u00F3rdico antigo: Sumarli\u00F0i, ga\u00E9lico escoc\u00EAs: Somhairle, comumente anglicizada do ga\u00E9lico como Sorley) foi um l\u00EDder pol\u00EDtico e militar das ilhas escocesas no s\u00E9culo XII, sendo conhecido em ga\u00E9lico como ri Innse Gall (\"Rei das H\u00E9bridas\"). Seu pai foi Gillebride, de nobre ascend\u00EAncia ga\u00E9lica e tamb\u00E9m n\u00F3rdica. O nome Somerled, muito comum entre os viquingues, significa viajante do ver\u00E3o e \u00E9 uma kenning (figura de linguagem) para viquingue. Somerled apareceu primeiro em cr\u00F4nicas hist\u00F3ricas no ano de 1140 como regulus, ou rei, de Kintyre quando desposou Raghnailt, a filha de Olaf I da Ilha de Man, . No ano de 1153 ocorreu a morte de dois reis: David I da Esc\u00F3cia e Olaf de Man, o que provocou muita confus\u00E3o e disc\u00F3rdia, e Somerled aproveita a chance: faz ofensivas contra a Esc\u00F3cia e contra Man e as Ilhas (estas \u00FAltimas, que haviam sido herdadas por seu cunhado Goraidh). Os pormenores hist\u00F3ricos n\u00E3o s\u00E3o muito claros, mas os historiadores acreditam que os seguintes eventos s\u00E3o prov\u00E1veis: Em 1156 Goraidh foi vencido numa batalha contra 80 navios da frota de Somerled e os inimigos repartiram as ilhas entre eles. Goraidh ficou com as ilhas do norte de e Somerled ficou com o restante. No entanto, dois anos depois Somerled retornou para a Ilha de Man com 53 navios de guerra. Ele derrotou Goraidh novamente e desta vez o for\u00E7ou a refugiar-se na Noruega. O reino de Somerled se estendia agora desde a Ilha de Man at\u00E9 a extremidade nordeste da Ilha de Lewis. Assim, viquingues e escoceses formaram um povo sob um \u00FAnico senhor e come\u00E7aram a compartilhar uma \u00FAnica cultura e uma \u00FAnica forma de viver, e viriam a se tornar uma poderosa e not\u00E1vel ra\u00E7a conhecida como , literalmente 'celtas-estrangeiros'. Foi sobre o mar que ficou situado seu poder, mas iriam surgir novos inimigos. Os Stuarts fizeram incurs\u00F5es na costa oeste e afinal Somerled reuniu um ex\u00E9rcito consider\u00E1vel para expuls\u00E1-los. Ele avan\u00E7ou para o centro do territ\u00F3rio dos Stuarts, em , onde uma grande batalha ocorreu em 1164. N\u00E3o h\u00E1 muitos detalhes dispon\u00EDveis sobre como ocorreu a batalha ou se realmente ocorreu, mas \u00E9 certo que Somerled foi assassinado depois que seu ex\u00E9rcito se retirou do local. Ap\u00F3s a morte de Somerled, diversos senhores poderosos emergiram de dentro de seu reino. O senhorio foi disputado por duas fam\u00EDlias principais: a dos descendentes de Somerled e a dos descendentes de Goraidh. Durante os s\u00E9culos 12 e 13, o mundo escandinavo viu muita mudan\u00E7a em m\u00E9todos de governo e administra\u00E7\u00E3o, resultando no surgimento de reinos unificados como a Dinamarca e a Noruega, fortemente centralizados. No entanto, o mesmo n\u00E3o ocorreu no Reino das Ilhas, que foi em vez disso absorvido por outro maior, o Reino da Esc\u00F3cia, embora o seu lugar no Estado permaneceria perif\u00E9rico, e a lealdade de seus habitantes ao rei da Esc\u00F3cia permaneceria temperamental pelos s\u00E9culos seguintes."@pt . . "Somerled (Sumarli\u00F0i en vieux norrois, Somhairle en ga\u00E9lique) est un seigneur de guerre du XIIe si\u00E8cle qui s'\u00E9l\u00E8ve au rang de roi des \u00CEles. D'origine incertaine, mais apparent\u00E9 par alliance \u00E0 la famille royale d'\u00C9cosse, il se dresse contre son beau-fr\u00E8re Godred Olafsson et le contraint \u00E0 partager le royaume de Man et des \u00CEles avec lui en 1156, avant de le chasser du pouvoir en 1158. Sa mort \u00E0 la , en 1164, entra\u00EEne la dislocation de son royaume, qui est disput\u00E9 entre ses descendants et ceux de Godred par la suite."@fr . . . . . . . . . . "1158"^^ . "Somerled"@fr . . . . . . . . "Somerled (altnordisch Sumarli\u00F0i, schottisch-g\u00E4lisch Somhairlidh, mittelirisch: Somairle, Somhairle, anglisiert auch \u201ESorley\u201C; Lord of Argyll, Regulus von Argyll und Kintyre, K\u00F6nig der Hebriden, g\u00E4lisch Somhairle, auch Somairle oder Sorley; \u2020 1164 bei Renfrew) war ein schottischer Adliger. Er war ab den 1150er Jahren der dominierende Herrscher im Bereich der westschottischen Inseln und rebellierte zweimal gegen die schottischen K\u00F6nige."@de . . . . . . . .