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Subject Item
dbr:Shanghai
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rdfs:label
Szanghaj Shanghai Hospital oftalmológico de la Universidad de Fudan Shanghai 上海市 Shang-hai Σαγκάη Xangai 上海市 Shanghai Shanghai Шанхай 상하이시 شانغهاي Shanghai Šanghaj Ŝanhajo 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院 Shanghai Shanghai Shanghai Shanghái Shanghai Шанхай
rdfs:comment
Schanghai oder (in Pinyin-Transkription) Shanghai (chinesisch 上海, Pinyin ) ist die bedeutendste Industriestadt der Volksrepublik China und eine der größten Städte der Welt. Zu Shanghai gehören außer der Innenstadt mit etwa 15 Millionen Einwohnern zahlreiche umliegende, bis 50 km entfernte Stadtbezirke mit weiteren etwa 8 Millionen Einwohnern. Während die Innenstadt eine hohe Bebauungsdichte und geschlossene Siedlungsform hat, dominiert in den Randbezirken eine ländliche, eher provinzielle Siedlungsstruktur. Die Einwohnerzahl beträgt 24.870.895 (Stand: Zensus 2020). Von den insgesamt etwa 23 Millionen Einwohnern, die während der Volkszählung 2010 erfasst wurden, waren 15,9 Millionen registrierte Bewohner mit ständigem Wohnsitz (戶口 / 户口, hùkǒu) und 7,1 Millionen temporäre Bewohner (流動人口 / 流动 Ŝanhajo (ĉine 上海, pinjine: Shànghǎi [ʂaŋ˥˩hai˩˧] ) estas la plej multe loĝata urbo en Ĉinio. Kiel monda urbo, Ŝanhajo prenas influon sur komerco, financo, kulturo, arto, modo, esploro kaj distro. La urbo situas en orienta Ĉinio, je la meza parto de la ĉina marbordo kaj la buŝo de la Jangzio Rivero. Ŝanhajo sukcese okazigis la Mondan Ekspozicion en 2010, kun 73 000 000 vizitantoj. Η Σαγκάη (επίσης γνωστή ως Σανγκάη ή Σανγκάι) (μανδαρινικά: 上海, πινγίν: Shànghǎi, προφορά: (βοήθεια·πολυμέσα)[ʂâŋ.xài]), είναι η μεγαλύτερη πόλη και λιμένας της Κίνας. Θεωρείται κύριος φορέας της σύγχρονης οικονομίας της Κίνας, καθώς επίσης και ένα από τα σημαντικότερα πολιτιστικά, εμπορικά, οικονομικά και βιομηχανικά της κέντρα. Шанха́й (кит. 上海, пиньинь Shànghǎi; у 上海 [zãhe], Zånhae) — расположенный в дельте реки Янцзы на востоке Китая один из четырёх городов центрального подчинения КНР, важный культурный центр страны, а также крупнейший в мире морской порт. Кроме того, Шанхай является крупнейшим финансовым центром Китая (опережая Пекин и Гонконг), и одним из ведущих — в Восточной Азии и мире (после Нью-Йорка, Лондона и Токио). Xangai (chinês: 上海; pinyin: Shànghǎi ouça; no dialeto wu: Zanhe, AFI: [z̥ɑ̃̀hé]) é um dos quatro municípios de administração direta da República Popular da China. A cidade está localizada no estuário sul do rio Yangtzé, pelo qual flui o rio Huangpu. Com uma população de 24,87 milhões, é a área urbana mais populosa da China,e uma das cidades mais populosas do mundo e a única cidade do Leste Asiático com um PIB maior que o da capital do seu país. Xangai é um centro global de finanças, negócios e economia, pesquisa, educação, ciência e tecnologia, manufatura, turismo, cultura e transportes, sendo que o Porto de Xangai é o porto de contêineres mais movimentado do mundo. 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院，是位于上海市汾阳路83号的一家三级甲等医院，此外在宝庆路19号和江月路2600号设有两处分院。上海市五官科医院为其第二冠名。 Shanghaï Shanghai ou Shanghaï (chinois : 上海 ; pinyin : Shànghǎi ; Wade : Shang⁴hai³ ; EFEO : Chang-haï ; cantonais Jyutping : Soeng⁶hoi² ; cantonais Yale : Seuhnghói ; litt. « sur la mer » ; shanghaïen : Zanhe) est une des municipalités autonomes chinoises situées sur le fleuve Huangpu près de l'embouchure du Yangzi Jiang. Son port est devenu en 2015 le premier port au monde en volume de marchandises et reste en 2020 le premier port à conteneurs. Шанха́й (кит. 上海, піньїнь: Shànghǎi) — велике місто на сході Китайської Народної Республіки, найбільше місто КНР за чисельністю населення. Територія міста з прилеглими околицями виділена в самостійну адміністративну одиницю центрального підпорядкування. 上海市，简称沪，别称申，是中华人民共和国直轄市，中國的经济、金融、贸易、航运、商業、上游製造和對外開放中心，上海也是一座港口城市，是中國人口第二多的城市，是中國內地較發達的城市，也是一座全球城市。上海位於中国东部海岸线的中心，长江三角洲最东部，东临东海，南濒杭州湾，西接江苏、浙江两省，北端的崇明岛处于长江入海口中，与周围的江苏、浙江、安徽三省多个城市共同构成了世界级长江三角洲城市群。 最晚在新石器時代，上海地區已經有先民聚居。春秋時代，上海属吳國，戰國時代則属楚國。晋代，上海的人口聚集起來，初步发展为區域性渔港、盐产地和商贸集镇。唐代到元代，上海所属地区归华亭县、松江府管辖。1292年上海縣始建縣。明清两朝時的上海有棉纺织业。1843年，《南京条约》签订，正式开埠，上海作为指定通商五口之一，设立租界。此时的上海還是苏松太道的驻地。上海开埠後不少江蘇、浙江、廣東、安徽、山東等周边省份及外国移民前往上海，上海开始吸收江南地区附近传统的吴越文化与各地移民带入的多样文化，融合開埠後的西方近现代文化，逐渐形成上海本地的海派文化。 上海的景點有豫园、上海城隍廟、南京路、外滩、陆家嘴摩天大楼天际线等。上海被《米其林旅游指南》评为最高级的“三星级旅游推荐”目的地。 Shanghai (/ʃæŋˈhaɪ/; Chinese: 上海, Shanghainese: Zaon6he5 [zɑ̃̀.hɛ́], Standard Mandarin pronunciation: [ʂâŋ.xàɪ]) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flowing through it. With a population of 24.89 million as of 2021, Shanghai is the most populous urban area in China with 39,300,000 inhabitants living in the Shanghai metropolitan area, the second most populous city proper in the world (after Chongqing) and the only city in East Asia with a GDP greater than its corresponding capital. Shanghai ranks second among the administrative divisions of Mainland China in human development index (after Beijing). As of 2018, the Greater Shanghai metrop شانغهاي وأحياناً شنغهاي (بالصينية: 上海 = (؟·معلومات)shànghǎi = فوق البحر) أكبر مدن الصين من حيث تعداد السكان، وعاصمة البلاد الاقتصادية. إدراياً، تعتبر «شانغهاي» إحدى البلديات المركزية الأربع في البلاد (راجع: «التقسيمات الإدارية في الصين»). تقع في وسط ساحل بر الصين وعند مصب نهر اليانغتسي، وتتمتع بموقع جغرافي متميز جعل منها مرفأً تجارياً مهماّ وإحدى أكبر أقطاب الصناعة في البلاد. Szanghaj – miasto we wschodnich Chinach, przy ujściu rzeki Jangcy, jedno z czterech miast wydzielonych Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej. Cała jednostka administracyjna liczyła w 2018 roku 24 237 800 mieszkańców. Port w Szanghaju jest największym na świecie pod względem wielkości przeładunku kontenerowego. Działa tutaj również jedna z największych giełd. W dzielnicy Pudong, leżącej naprzeciwko historycznego Bundu, skupia się jedna z największych na świecie liczba wieżowców. W mieście znajduje się Konsulat Generalny RP. Shanghai (pron. [ʃaŋˈɡai]; in cinese 上海S, ShànghǎiP [ʂaŋˈxai], abbreviazione 沪 o 申, Hù o Shēn; in italiano anche Sciangai o Shangai ), situata sul fiume Huangpu presso il delta del Fiume Azzurro, è la seconda città più popolata della Cina, dopo Chongqing e anche la seconda del mondo, con una popolazione di oltre 30 milioni di abitanti; è la seconda municipalità autonoma del Paese dopo Chongqing ed è una delle quattro città municipalità della Cina a godere dello status di provincia. Šanghaj (čínsky pchin-jinem , znaky 上海) je jedno ze čtyř přímo spravovaných měst v Čínské lidové republice. Nachází se ve východní Číně, při ústí řeky Jang-c’ do Východočínského moře. S více než 24 miliony obyvateli je Šanghaj nejlidnatější město Číny a jedno z nejlidnatějších měst světa. Šanghaj se řadí mezi nejvýznamnější světová finanční, obchodní, hospodářská, turistická a dopravní centra. V roce 2021 dosáhl hrubý domácí produkt Šanghaje 4,32 bilionu jüanů (15,3 bilionů CZK) a má tak nejvyšší HDP ze všech čínských měst. Dvě mezinárodní letiště obsluhující šanghajskou metropolitní oblast, mezinárodní letiště Šanghaj Pchu-tung a mezinárodní letiště Šanghaj Chung-čchiao, patří podle počtu odbavených cestujících mezi nejrušnější letiště na světě. Šanghajské metro je podle celkové délky ne Shanghai (Chinees: 上海; pinyin: Shànghǎi) is de grootste stad van China. De gemeente is sinds 2005 een van de vijf steden in China die de status van nationale centrale stad hebben. Shanghai heeft 24,9 miljoen inwoners en is qua inwoneraantal de grootste gemeente ter wereld, en met 36,4 miljoen inwoners een van de drie grootste metropolen ter wereld. Shanghái​ (en chino, 上海; pinyin, Shànghǎi; pronunciado en español "Shang-hái", en chino estándar [ʂâŋ.xài]; en chino wu shang-hainés Zånhae; literalmente 'en el mar')​ es la ciudad más poblada de China y una de las más pobladas del mundo. Administrativamente, es uno de los cuatro municipios a nivel central que, junto con las veintidós provincias, cinco regiones autónomas y dos regiones administrativas especiales, integran la República Popular China. Cuenta con más de 24 millones de habitantes.​ Situada en China del Este, Shanghái yace en el delta del río Yangtsé, centrada en la costa del mar de la China Oriental y es administrada al máximo nivel con la categoría de municipio de control directo.​ El Hospital oftalmológico de la Universidad de Fudan, 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院 en chino, Hospital de ojos, oídos, nariz y garganta afiliado a la Universidad de Fudan, es un hospital terciario de primera clase ubicado en el n.º 83 de la calle Fenyang, en el distrito Xuhui de Shanghái, especializado en ojo, oído, nariz y garganta, equivalente a los departamentos de oftalmología y otorrinolaringología de la medicina occidental. Fundado en 1934, desde 1952 el hospital está afiliado a la Universidad de Fudan. También tiene dos sucursales en el n.º 19 de la calle Baoqing y en el n.º 2600 de la calle Jiangyue de Shanghai. El Hospital Ortopédico de Shanghái fue nombrado como el segundo.​ Is é Shang-hai (as Sínis: ), Shanghai nó 沪 ('Hù) an chathair is mó i nDaon-Phoblacht na Síne. Tá Shanghai ar mhór-chathracha an domhain. Tá an chathair suite cois an Iaing-tsí ar chósta thoir na tíre. Is calafort tábhachtach é. Shanghai (xinès: 上海, pinyin: Shànghăi), també coneguda en català com a Xangai o fins i tot com a Xanghai, Xangkhai o Xang-Hai (en desús), és la ciutat més poblada del món i la seva metròpoli és la segona més habitada de la Xina, per darrere de la megalòpoli de Chongqing. Situada al sud del delta del Iang-Tsé, ocupa una superfície de 6.340 km² i la seva població era de 24,3 milions d'habitants l'any 2021. Shanghai (txinera sinplifikatuz: 上海; pinyinez: Shànghăi), Txinako hiririk handiena da. Yangtzeko deltaren hegoaldean kokatua dago. Hirigunea Huangpu ibaiaren bi alboetan zehar hedatzen da. Administrazioari dagokionez, Shangai Txinako lau jendetsuenetako bat da. Txinako gobernu zentralak administratzen du. Txinako hiriburu ekonomikoa da eta munduko portu nagusia. Udalerriak 6.340 km2-ko azalera du eta 17 milioi biztanle (2004); haietako hamar bat milioi hirigunean bizi dira.  (info) (上海市; Shànghǎishì) är en megastad i Folkrepubliken Kina, belägen vid Yangtzes delta mot Östkinesiska havet. Shanghai är ett av de fyra storstadsområdena i Kina som är ställda direkt under landets centrala administration i huvudstaden Peking. Shanghai är en av Kinas och världens absolut största städer. Centrala Shanghai utan sina förorter hade 18 630 000 invånare 2014. Regionen hade officiellt 24 260 000 invånare år 2014. Hela det urbana området runt Shanghai var 2010 befolkad av 34 000 000 invånare. Shanghai är även världens största stad som inte är en huvudstad. Shanghai (aksara Han: 上海; pinyin: Shànghǎi; bahasa Shanghai IPA: /zɑ̃ hɛ/) adalah kota terbesar Republik Rakyat Tiongkok dan terletak di tepi delta Changjiang. Perkembangan kota ini dalam beberapa dekade terakhir telah membuatnya menjadi pusat ekonomi, perdagangan, finansial dan komunikasi terpenting Tiongkok. Shanghai juga merupakan salah satu pelabuhan tersibuk di dunia, bersama dengan Singapura dan Rotterdam. Secara administratif, Shanghai adalah salah satu dari empat munisipalitas Tiongkok, yang mempunyai status provinsi. 上海市（シャンハイし）は、中華人民共和国の直轄市である。 同国の商業・金融・工業・交通などの中心地。強力な世界都市であり、英国のシンクタンクZ/Yenグループが2022年9月に発表した世界金融センターランキングによると世界6位。アメリカのシンクタンクが2021年に発表した総合的な世界都市ランキングにおいて、世界10位の都市と評価された。 2012年6月時点の常住人口は2,400万人を超え、市内総生産は2兆3,560億元（約45兆円）である。中華人民共和国国務院により国家中心都市の一つに指定されている。 ( 상하이는 여기로 연결됩니다. 다른 뜻에 대해서는 상하이 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.)( 상해는 여기로 연결됩니다. 다른 뜻에 대해서는 상해 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.) 상하이(중국어: 上海, 병음: Shànghǎi, 우어: /zɑ̃'he/) 또는 상해는 중화인민공화국의 4개 직할시 중 하나이다. 상하이는 양쯔강 동쪽 하류에 위치하고 있으며, 황푸강이 도시를 관통하여 흐른다. 2021년 기준으로 2,489만 명이 거주하고 있는 상하이는 중화인민공화국에서 인구 수가 가장 많은 도시로 39,300,000명이 상하이 대도시권에 거주하고 있고, 충칭 다음으로 세계에서 크기가 넓은 도시이고, 동아시아에서 유일하게 수도보다 국내총생산이 높은 도시이다. 인간 개발 지수에서 상하이는 중국 본토 행정 구역 중 베이징 다음으로 높은 순위를 차지했다. 상하이는 세계적인 금융, 사업 및 경제, 연구, 교육, 과학 및 기술, 제조, 관광, 문화, 요리, 예술, 패션, 스포츠, 그리고 교통 중심지 중 한 곳이며, 상하이항은 세계에서 컨테이너가 가장 많이 수송되는 항구이다. 2019년 상하이 푸둥 국제공항은 여객 수송에 따른 가장 분주한 공항 10위권 안에 들어갔으며, 상하이 훙차오 국제공항과 함께 상하이 대도시권과 연결되는 국제공항이다.
rdfs:seeAlso
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n25:Pudong_Shanghai_November_2017_panorama.jpg?width=300
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ㄕㄤˋ ㄏㄞˇ
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Languages
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City flower
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Languages
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GDP
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4.102488E8 Religion in Shanghai :
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DodgerBlue DarkOrchid #C00000 Yellow Chartreuse
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上海
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Q8686
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2008-06-25
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4
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1292 1927-07-07 746 751
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- Qinglong Town - Shanghai County - Municipality Establishment of Settled -
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"The original name of the Huangpu River."
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Shanqhae
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From top, left to right: Skyline of the Lujiazui, Oriental Pearl Tower and the Huangpu River; HSBC Building and the Custom House at The Bund; Temple of the City Gods at the Old City of Shanghai; Jing'an Temple; and Huxinting Teahouse at the Yu Garden.
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"Upon the Sea"
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dbr:Catholic_Church dbr:Buddhism dbr:Protestantism Other Chinese folk religion, or atheist
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58 dbr:Gong_Zheng dbr:Jiang_Zhuoqing dbr:Chen_Jining
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Municipal CPPCC Chairman Congress Chairman dbr:Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary National People's Congress Representation Mayor
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Location of Shanghai Municipality in China
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Category:Shanghai
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上海
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zh
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Shànghǎi
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- Township-level Divisions - County-level
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"Shanghai" in regular Chinese characters
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Shanghai
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官场丑史 黑奴吁天录 本帮菜
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Articles related to Shanghai Ability to speak the following dialects/languages in Shanghai
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n46:
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Shanghai
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Shanghai
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640 1210 1280 1440 1420 1530 1500 1650 1610 2100 1740 1810 1890 1970 Seuhnghói 2370 2580 560 610
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% Can Speak
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Shanghaï Shanghai ou Shanghaï (chinois : 上海 ; pinyin : Shànghǎi ; Wade : Shang⁴hai³ ; EFEO : Chang-haï ; cantonais Jyutping : Soeng⁶hoi² ; cantonais Yale : Seuhnghói ; litt. « sur la mer » ; shanghaïen : Zanhe) est une des municipalités autonomes chinoises situées sur le fleuve Huangpu près de l'embouchure du Yangzi Jiang. Son port est devenu en 2015 le premier port au monde en volume de marchandises et reste en 2020 le premier port à conteneurs. Shanghai est remarquable par sa taille démesurée. Elle est la ville la plus peuplée de Chine avec 27 796 000 d'habitants, en 2021, sur l'étendue de la municipalité, ou municipalité au rang de province. Elle est également l'une des plus grandes mégapoles du monde. Certains géographes estiment même qu'il s'agit de la ville la plus peuplée du monde avec environ 80 millions d'habitants si, au lieu de tenir compte des limites administratives, est prise en compte l’agglomération humaine. L'autre caractéristique de Shanghai est sa place majeure dans l'économie mondiale. L'émergence de la ville comme centre financier de l'Asie-Pacifique a d'abord eu lieu dans les années 1920 et 1930, concomitamment au développement des concessions européennes. La ville servait alors de porte d'entrée à la Chine. Shanghai connut également à cette époque un formidable essor culturel qui a beaucoup contribué à son aura mythique et fantasmatique. Le quartier du Bund sur la rive gauche du Huangpu est le témoin de cet âge d'or. Mais pendant la guerre sino-japonaise et la guerre civile, la ville a été bombardée et gravement endommagée. Shanghai a été finalement libérée en mai 1949. Au tournant des années 1980, la ville a repris son développement à la suite des réformes économiques initiées par Deng Xiaoping. Shanghai est alors redevenue la fenêtre de la Chine sur le monde. La ville profite simultanément de la rapide croissance économique chinoise et de son insertion croissante dans la mondialisation. Elle est aujourd'hui l'une des métropoles les plus puissantes du monde au même titre que Singapour ou Sydney. Lujiazui, le quartier de gratte-ciel de Pudong face au Bund est la cristallisation de cette puissance retrouvée. Schanghai oder (in Pinyin-Transkription) Shanghai (chinesisch 上海, Pinyin ) ist die bedeutendste Industriestadt der Volksrepublik China und eine der größten Städte der Welt. Zu Shanghai gehören außer der Innenstadt mit etwa 15 Millionen Einwohnern zahlreiche umliegende, bis 50 km entfernte Stadtbezirke mit weiteren etwa 8 Millionen Einwohnern. Während die Innenstadt eine hohe Bebauungsdichte und geschlossene Siedlungsform hat, dominiert in den Randbezirken eine ländliche, eher provinzielle Siedlungsstruktur. Die Einwohnerzahl beträgt 24.870.895 (Stand: Zensus 2020). Von den insgesamt etwa 23 Millionen Einwohnern, die während der Volkszählung 2010 erfasst wurden, waren 15,9 Millionen registrierte Bewohner mit ständigem Wohnsitz (戶口 / 户口, hùkǒu) und 7,1 Millionen temporäre Bewohner (流動人口 / 流动人口, liúdòng rénkǒu) mit befristeter Aufenthaltsgenehmigung (暫住證 / 暂住证, zànzhùzhèng). Shanghai ist eine regierungsunmittelbare Stadt, das heißt, sie ist direkt der Zentralregierung unterstellt, und ihr Status entspricht dem einer Provinz. Ihr nur 6340,5 km² (2012) großes Gebiet wird durch andauernde Landgewinnung am seichten Bankett des Jangtsekiang-Trichters (insbesondere im südöstlichen Zipfel) stetig leicht größer. Der Hafen von Shanghai ist mit 31,74 Millionen TEU pro Jahr der größte Containerhafen der Welt (Stand: 2011). Auch nach Gesamtumschlag ist der Hafen mit 736 Millionen Tonnen Waren im Jahr 2012 der größte. Die Stadt ist ein wichtiger Verkehrsknotenpunkt und ein bedeutendes Kultur- und Bildungszentrum mit zahlreichen Universitäten, Hochschulen, Forschungseinrichtungen, Theatern und Museen. Shanghái​ (en chino, 上海; pinyin, Shànghǎi; pronunciado en español "Shang-hái", en chino estándar [ʂâŋ.xài]; en chino wu shang-hainés Zånhae; literalmente 'en el mar')​ es la ciudad más poblada de China y una de las más pobladas del mundo. Administrativamente, es uno de los cuatro municipios a nivel central que, junto con las veintidós provincias, cinco regiones autónomas y dos regiones administrativas especiales, integran la República Popular China. Cuenta con más de 24 millones de habitantes.​ Situada en China del Este, Shanghái yace en el delta del río Yangtsé, centrada en la costa del mar de la China Oriental y es administrada al máximo nivel con la categoría de municipio de control directo.​ El área donde se sitúa la ciudad fue colonizada y asentada por los refugiados que huían de los mongoles hacia el 960-1126 d. C. Antiguamente se dedicaba a la pesca y textiles pero su importancia creció en el siglo XIX debido a su localización estratégica como puerto de mar, a la imposición occidental de abrirse al tráfico internacional establecida por el Tratado de Nankín en 1842 y a la ocupación de su territorio por medio de la «Concesión Internacional de Shanghái» a favor de catorce potencias extranjeras.​ Shanghái fue floreciendo como eje comercial entre China y las potencias coloniales y como nodo financiero y comercial a partir de 1930.​ La población occidental comenzó a abandonar la zona a comienzos de la guerra del Pacífico en 1941 hasta que finalmente, tras la revolución y guerra civil, en 1949 la actividad de Shanghái se redujo considerablemente dejando de recibir inversión extranjera. Con las reformas económicas durante la década de 1990, Shanghái experimentó un espectacular crecimiento financiero y turístico, siendo sede de numerosas empresas multinacionales y vanguardistas rascacielos. Actualmente es el mayor puerto del mundo por volumen de mercancías.​ La ciudad es un destino turístico por sus monumentos como el Bund, el Templo del Dios de la Ciudad, los rascacielos del Pudong y como centro cosmopolita de la cultura y el diseño,​​ por otro lado acogió la Exposición Universal de 2010 sobre el urbanismo del futuro. A día de hoy Shanghái es descrita habitualmente como la «pieza estrella» de la economía de mayor crecimiento del mundo​ inmersa en una competición con Cantón y el área urbana del río Perla, por convertirse en la mayor urbe de China. Administrativamente, Shanghái es una de las cuatro municipalidades de la República Popular China administradas directamente por el gobierno central del país. Shanghái es la capital económica de China. Ocupa una superficie de 6340 km². El dialecto local no es el chino mandarín, sino el shanghainés, una variedad de chino wu (吳語, wúyǔ). Xangai (chinês: 上海; pinyin: Shànghǎi ouça; no dialeto wu: Zanhe, AFI: [z̥ɑ̃̀hé]) é um dos quatro municípios de administração direta da República Popular da China. A cidade está localizada no estuário sul do rio Yangtzé, pelo qual flui o rio Huangpu. Com uma população de 24,87 milhões, é a área urbana mais populosa da China,e uma das cidades mais populosas do mundo e a única cidade do Leste Asiático com um PIB maior que o da capital do seu país. Xangai é um centro global de finanças, negócios e economia, pesquisa, educação, ciência e tecnologia, manufatura, turismo, cultura e transportes, sendo que o Porto de Xangai é o porto de contêineres mais movimentado do mundo. Originalmente uma vila de pescadores e uma cidade mercantil, Xangai cresceu em importância no século XIX devido ao comércio interno e externo e à sua localização portuária favorável. A cidade foi um dos cinco portos forçados a abrir ao comércio europeu após a Primeira Guerra do Ópio. O Acordo Internacional de Xangai e a Concessão Francesa foram posteriormente estabelecidos. A cidade então floresceu, tornando-se o principal centro comercial e financeiro da Ásia na década de 1930. Durante a Segunda Guerra Sino-Japonesa, a cidade foi o local da grande Batalha de Xangai. Após a guerra, com a tomada comunista da China continental em 1949, o comércio foi limitado a outros países socialistas e a influência global da cidade diminuiu. Nos anos 1990, as reformas econômicas introduzidas por Deng Xiaoping uma década antes resultaram em uma intensa remodelação da cidade, especialmente na área de Pudong, auxiliando no retorno das finanças e do investimento estrangeiro. Desde então, Xangai ressurgiu como um centro financeiro internacional; é a sede da Bolsa de Valores de Xangai, uma das maiores bolsas de valores do mundo por capitalização de mercado e da Zona de Livre Comércio de Xangai, a primeira zona de livre comércio na China continental. Xangai é classificada como uma cidade global alfa+ pela Globalization and World Cities Research Network e é classificada como o terceiro centro financeiro mais competitivo e maior do mundo, atrás de Nova York e Londres. Possui a maior rede de metrô, o sexto maior número de bilionários, o quinto maior número de arranha-céus e a quinta maior produção de pesquisa científica do mundo, com instituições educacionais de excelente reputação, como a Universidade Fudan, a Universidade Jiao Tong e a Universidade Normal do Leste da China. Xangai tem sido descrita como a "vitrine" da economia chinesa em expansão. Apresentando vários estilos arquitetônicos, como art déco e shikumen, a cidade é conhecida pelo panorama urbano de Lujiazui, por seus museus e edifícios históricos, como o Templo de Deus da Cidade, e pelos edifícios ao longo do Bund, o que inclui a Torre Pérola Oriental. Xangai também é conhecida por sua culinária açucarada, pela linguagem local distinta e por sua característica cosmopolita. Como uma importante cidade internacional, Xangai é a sede do Novo Banco de Desenvolvimento, um banco multilateral de desenvolvimento estabelecido pelos Estados-membros do BRICS. A cidade também abriga mais de 70 representantes estrangeiros e inúmeros eventos nacionais e internacionais todos os anos, como a Semana de Moda de Xangai e o Grande Prêmio da China, e é o polo turístico mais lucrativo do mundo, com o sétimo maior número de hotéis cinco estrelas do planeta e o segundo edifício mais alto do mundo, a Torre de Xangai. Shanghai (xinès: 上海, pinyin: Shànghăi), també coneguda en català com a Xangai o fins i tot com a Xanghai, Xangkhai o Xang-Hai (en desús), és la ciutat més poblada del món i la seva metròpoli és la segona més habitada de la Xina, per darrere de la megalòpoli de Chongqing. Situada al sud del delta del Iang-Tsé, ocupa una superfície de 6.340 km² i la seva població era de 24,3 milions d'habitants l'any 2021. Administrativament, Shanghai és una de les quatre municipalitats de la República Popular de la Xina, totes elles administrades directament pel govern central del país. Shanghai és la capital econòmica de la Xina i compta amb més de 4.800 gratacels. L'àrea on se situa la ciutat va ser colonitzada i assentada per als refugiats que fugien dels mongols cap al 960-1126 aC. En 1842 es va signar el tractat de Nanjing en què el port de Shanghai s'obria al comerç occidental després de ser capturada pels britànics durant la Primera Guerra de l'Opi. Tant orientals com occidentals van conviure a Shanghai afavorint un ric intercanvi cultural, encara que la població occidental va començar a abandonar la zona al començament de la Guerra del Pacífic, l'any 1941. Aquests van fugir definitivament amb l'arribada al poder dels comunistes, que expropiaren i nacionalitzaren l'economia local i de tota la Xina. Va ser un punt neuràlgic sota el poder de Mao, Shanghai va experimentar un espectacular creixement econòmic i turístic durant la dècada del 1990, i va ser seu de nombroses empreses multinacionals i d'avantguardistes gratacels. L'any 2005 es va fundar el Casal Català de Shanghai. Convertida el 2010 en centre de l'atenció internacional amb l'Expo de Shanghai, actualment és la ciutat més cosmopolita i moderna del país. Šanghaj (čínsky pchin-jinem , znaky 上海) je jedno ze čtyř přímo spravovaných měst v Čínské lidové republice. Nachází se ve východní Číně, při ústí řeky Jang-c’ do Východočínského moře. S více než 24 miliony obyvateli je Šanghaj nejlidnatější město Číny a jedno z nejlidnatějších měst světa. Šanghaj se řadí mezi nejvýznamnější světová finanční, obchodní, hospodářská, turistická a dopravní centra. V roce 2021 dosáhl hrubý domácí produkt Šanghaje 4,32 bilionu jüanů (15,3 bilionů CZK) a má tak nejvyšší HDP ze všech čínských měst. Dvě mezinárodní letiště obsluhující šanghajskou metropolitní oblast, mezinárodní letiště Šanghaj Pchu-tung a mezinárodní letiště Šanghaj Chung-čchiao, patří podle počtu odbavených cestujících mezi nejrušnější letiště na světě. Šanghajské metro je podle celkové délky nejrozsáhlejší sítí metra a šanghajský přístav je nejvytíženější kontejnerový přístav na světě. شانغهاي وأحياناً شنغهاي (بالصينية: 上海 = (؟·معلومات)shànghǎi = فوق البحر) أكبر مدن الصين من حيث تعداد السكان، وعاصمة البلاد الاقتصادية. إدراياً، تعتبر «شانغهاي» إحدى البلديات المركزية الأربع في البلاد (راجع: «التقسيمات الإدارية في الصين»). تقع في وسط ساحل بر الصين وعند مصب نهر اليانغتسي، وتتمتع بموقع جغرافي متميز جعل منها مرفأً تجارياً مهماّ وإحدى أكبر أقطاب الصناعة في البلاد.  (info) (上海市; Shànghǎishì) är en megastad i Folkrepubliken Kina, belägen vid Yangtzes delta mot Östkinesiska havet. Shanghai är ett av de fyra storstadsområdena i Kina som är ställda direkt under landets centrala administration i huvudstaden Peking. Shanghai är en av Kinas och världens absolut största städer. Centrala Shanghai utan sina förorter hade 18 630 000 invånare 2014. Regionen hade officiellt 24 260 000 invånare år 2014. Hela det urbana området runt Shanghai var 2010 befolkad av 34 000 000 invånare. Shanghai är även världens största stad som inte är en huvudstad. Shanghai är ett av världens viktigaste finanscentra och en viktig transporthub med världens största containerhamn. Shanghai var en av fem fördragshamnar som tvingades öppna efter freden i Nanking i slutet av första opiumkriget (1839–1842). Därefter bildades Franska koncessionen och Shanghai International Settlement. Shanghai är bland annat känt för de koloniala byggnaderna vid Bund, skyskraporna på Pudong och Yu Garden från 1500-talet. Is é Shang-hai (as Sínis: ), Shanghai nó 沪 ('Hù) an chathair is mó i nDaon-Phoblacht na Síne. Tá Shanghai ar mhór-chathracha an domhain. Tá an chathair suite cois an Iaing-tsí ar chósta thoir na tíre. Is calafort tábhachtach é. Ŝanhajo (ĉine 上海, pinjine: Shànghǎi [ʂaŋ˥˩hai˩˧] ) estas la plej multe loĝata urbo en Ĉinio. Kiel monda urbo, Ŝanhajo prenas influon sur komerco, financo, kulturo, arto, modo, esploro kaj distro. La urbo situas en orienta Ĉinio, je la meza parto de la ĉina marbordo kaj la buŝo de la Jangzio Rivero. Unue fiŝista kaj teksaĵa urbo, Ŝanhajo kreskis grave en la 19-a jarcento pro sia favora havena loko kaj kiel unu el la urboj bonvenigantaj la fremdlandan komercon laŭ la Traktato de Nankino (1842). La urbo estas komerca centro inter la orienta kaj la okcidenta Azio. Ĝi fariĝis transnacia nabo de financo kaj komerco en la 1930-aj jaroj. Post 1990, la ekonomia reformo enkondukita de Deng Xiaoping grave influis la urbon. En 2005, Ŝanhajo fariĝis plej granda karga haveno en la mondo. La urbo estas turisma celo fama pro siaj historiaj konstruaĵoj kiel La Bund (kajo) (ĉine 外滩, Wàitān) kaj la Templo de la Urba Dio (ĉine 城隍庙, Chénghuángmiào), sed ankaŭ pro sia moderna urbocentra silueto kun granda nombro de novaj nubskrapuloj, inkluzive de la Turo de Orienta Perlo (ĉine 东方明珠, Dōngfāng Míngzhū). Nuntempe, Ŝanhajo estas la plej granda komerca urbo kaj centro de financo en metropoloj de Ĉinio kaj estis priskribita kiel la «modelo» de plej rapide kreskanta ekonomio en Ĉinio. Ŝanhajo sukcese okazigis la Mondan Ekspozicion en 2010, kun 73 000 000 vizitantoj. 上海市，简称沪，别称申，是中华人民共和国直轄市，中國的经济、金融、贸易、航运、商業、上游製造和對外開放中心，上海也是一座港口城市，是中國人口第二多的城市，是中國內地較發達的城市，也是一座全球城市。上海位於中国东部海岸线的中心，长江三角洲最东部，东临东海，南濒杭州湾，西接江苏、浙江两省，北端的崇明岛处于长江入海口中，与周围的江苏、浙江、安徽三省多个城市共同构成了世界级长江三角洲城市群。 最晚在新石器時代，上海地區已經有先民聚居。春秋時代，上海属吳國，戰國時代則属楚國。晋代，上海的人口聚集起來，初步发展为區域性渔港、盐产地和商贸集镇。唐代到元代，上海所属地区归华亭县、松江府管辖。1292年上海縣始建縣。明清两朝時的上海有棉纺织业。1843年，《南京条约》签订，正式开埠，上海作为指定通商五口之一，设立租界。此时的上海還是苏松太道的驻地。上海开埠後不少江蘇、浙江、廣東、安徽、山東等周边省份及外国移民前往上海，上海开始吸收江南地区附近传统的吴越文化与各地移民带入的多样文化，融合開埠後的西方近现代文化，逐渐形成上海本地的海派文化。 中華民國大陸時期，上海是亚洲最大的城市之一，中国最重要的工商业中心。中華人民共和國政府成立后，中央政府实行计划经济，主要发展内陆的重工业等。上海曾大量支援中国大陆其他地区的发展。1990年，浦东开发开放，上海经济成长速度加快；2005年设立国家综合配套改革试验区，2013年批准成立上海自贸区。此外上海還入选GaWC的国际大都市名册，2020年全球排名第5名。上海港是世界规模最大的集装箱港口，上海地铁是世界上运营里程最长的城市轨道交通系统。上海证券交易所作为中国大陆三所证券交易所之一，市值排名世界第四位。2021年上海GDP达到4.32万亿人民币，约合6698亿美元，成功突破了6000亿美元大关，仅次于纽约，东京，洛杉矶，位居世界第四。 上海的景點有豫园、上海城隍廟、南京路、外滩、陆家嘴摩天大楼天际线等。上海被《米其林旅游指南》评为最高级的“三星级旅游推荐”目的地。 Shanghai (aksara Han: 上海; pinyin: Shànghǎi; bahasa Shanghai IPA: /zɑ̃ hɛ/) adalah kota terbesar Republik Rakyat Tiongkok dan terletak di tepi delta Changjiang. Perkembangan kota ini dalam beberapa dekade terakhir telah membuatnya menjadi pusat ekonomi, perdagangan, finansial dan komunikasi terpenting Tiongkok. Shanghai juga merupakan salah satu pelabuhan tersibuk di dunia, bersama dengan Singapura dan Rotterdam. Secara administratif, Shanghai adalah salah satu dari empat munisipalitas Tiongkok, yang mempunyai status provinsi. Dua karakter aksara Han dalam nama "Shanghai" secara harfiah berarti "atas" dan "laut". Penggunaan nama ini terjadi pertama kalinya pada masa Dinasti Song, pada saat di mana sudah ada pertemuan sungai dan sebuah kota kecil bernama "Shanghai" di daerah tersebut. Tidak jelas bagaimana nama ini berasal atau bagaimana artinya harus diterangkan, meski pembacaan secara harfiah menyarankan arti "menuju laut". Dalam bahasa Mandarin, singkatan Shanghai adalah Hù (滬 atau 沪) dan Shēn (申). 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院，是位于上海市汾阳路83号的一家三级甲等医院，此外在宝庆路19号和江月路2600号设有两处分院。上海市五官科医院为其第二冠名。 ( 상하이는 여기로 연결됩니다. 다른 뜻에 대해서는 상하이 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.)( 상해는 여기로 연결됩니다. 다른 뜻에 대해서는 상해 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.) 상하이(중국어: 上海, 병음: Shànghǎi, 우어: /zɑ̃'he/) 또는 상해는 중화인민공화국의 4개 직할시 중 하나이다. 상하이는 양쯔강 동쪽 하류에 위치하고 있으며, 황푸강이 도시를 관통하여 흐른다. 2021년 기준으로 2,489만 명이 거주하고 있는 상하이는 중화인민공화국에서 인구 수가 가장 많은 도시로 39,300,000명이 상하이 대도시권에 거주하고 있고, 충칭 다음으로 세계에서 크기가 넓은 도시이고, 동아시아에서 유일하게 수도보다 국내총생산이 높은 도시이다. 인간 개발 지수에서 상하이는 중국 본토 행정 구역 중 베이징 다음으로 높은 순위를 차지했다. 상하이는 세계적인 금융, 사업 및 경제, 연구, 교육, 과학 및 기술, 제조, 관광, 문화, 요리, 예술, 패션, 스포츠, 그리고 교통 중심지 중 한 곳이며, 상하이항은 세계에서 컨테이너가 가장 많이 수송되는 항구이다. 2019년 상하이 푸둥 국제공항은 여객 수송에 따른 가장 분주한 공항 10위권 안에 들어갔으며, 상하이 훙차오 국제공항과 함께 상하이 대도시권과 연결되는 국제공항이다. 상하이는 원래 조용한 어촌 마을이자 시장이 형성되는 마을이었지만, 19세기 중국 내외의 무역 증가와 상하이의 유리한 입지 덕분에 중요도가 올라가게 되었다. 1840년 제1차 아편 전쟁 이후 5개 중 하나에 포함된 상하이는 유럽 열강에 의해 강제로 개항하였으며, 상하이 공공 조계와 상하이 프랑스 조계가 뒤이어 상하이에 설립되었다. 1930년대 상하이는 아시아의 주요 상업 거점이자 금융 거점으로 번창하였다. 중일 전쟁 때에는 상하이 전투의 주요 전장이었다. 중일 전쟁 이후에는 1949년 중국 공산당이 본토를 점령하면서 상하이의 국제 무역은 다른 사회주의 국가들로 제한되었고, 상하이의 국제적 위상도 추락하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 새로 수립된 중화인민공화국에서 1940년대 말부터 1950년대 초 사이에 현대적인 무역이 시작되었고, 1978년 개혁·개방 정책 이전까지 사회주의 국가들의 도시 중 가장 크고 중요한 도시 중 하나였다. 1990년대 덩샤오핑이 도입한 경제 개혁으로 금융 회수와 외국인 투자를 통해 푸둥 신구를 비롯한 상하이의 대대적인 재개발이 이루어졌다. 상하이는 이 때부터 국제 금융 및 무역의 중심지로 재부상하였다. 현재 상하이에는 세계에서 가장 큰 증권거래소 중 하나인 상하이 증권거래소와 중화인민공화국의 첫 자유무역지구인 가 있다. 2020년 GaWC는 상하이를 세계 1급 도시인 Alpha+로 규정하였으며,국제금융센터지수에서는 뉴욕과 런던 다음으로 경쟁력 있고 가장 큰 금융센터를 가진 도시로 평가했다. 상하이는 세계에서 가장 규모가 큰 지하철 노선을 보유하고 있으며, 거주하는 억만장자의 수가 세계에서 5번째로 많고, 세계에서 마천루가 5번째로 많으며, 도시 내에 포춘 글로벌 500에 속하는 기업이 세계에서 5번째로 많고, 과학 연구 보고 역시 세계에서 5번째로 많다. 상하이에는 푸단 대학, 상하이 자오퉁 대학, 퉁지 대학, 화둥 사범대학, 상하이 대학 등 순위 높은 대학이 다수 있다. 상하이는 중화인민공화국 경제의 "지표"라고 자주 묘사된다. 경제와 더불어 아르 데코 및 과 같은 여러 독창적인 건축 기법 덕택에 상하이는 동방명주탑, 상하이 성황묘, 예원, , 와이탄 일대의 건축물과 같은 뮤지엄과 역사적 건축물, 루자쭈이 마천루로도 명성을 얻고 있다. 상하이는 이 외에도 독특한 언어와 달콤한 요리로도 잘 알려져 있다. 국제 도시로서, 상하이는 BRICS 국가들이 설립한 국제금융기관인 신개발은행이 있고, 베이징 다음으로 75개의 외국 공관이 있으며, , 중국 그랑프리, 차이나조이와 같이 매년 수많은 중국 국내외의 행사를 개최한다. 상하이가 관광 소득으로 벌어들이는 수입은 세계에서 1위이며, 이 세계에서 7번째로 많고, 세계에서 3번째로 높은 타워인 상하이 타워가 있는 도시이다. 2018년 상하이는 세계 최초로 수입을 주제로 한 국가 수준의 엑스포인 중국국제수입박람회를 개최하였다. 2019년에는 유네스코 글로벌 학습도시 네트워크에 참여했다. Шанха́й (кит. 上海, піньїнь: Shànghǎi) — велике місто на сході Китайської Народної Республіки, найбільше місто КНР за чисельністю населення. Територія міста з прилеглими околицями виділена в самостійну адміністративну одиницю центрального підпорядкування. Shanghai (pron. [ʃaŋˈɡai]; in cinese 上海S, ShànghǎiP [ʂaŋˈxai], abbreviazione 沪 o 申, Hù o Shēn; in italiano anche Sciangai o Shangai ), situata sul fiume Huangpu presso il delta del Fiume Azzurro, è la seconda città più popolata della Cina, dopo Chongqing e anche la seconda del mondo, con una popolazione di oltre 30 milioni di abitanti; è la seconda municipalità autonoma del Paese dopo Chongqing ed è una delle quattro città municipalità della Cina a godere dello status di provincia. In cinese Shànghǎi è abbreviata in Hù (滬T, 沪S) e Shēn (申S); le due sillabe shàng e hǎi significano letteralmente «sul mare» o anche «verso il mare». L'interpretazione è che la città originariamente fosse situata sul mare oppure, secondo i locali, fosse il punto più alto in cui arrivava il mare. Shanghai è vista come la capitale economica della Cina: grazie allo sviluppo dei decenni passati Shanghai è un centro economico, finanziario, commerciale e delle comunicazioni di primaria importanza della Repubblica Popolare Cinese. Il suo porto, il primo del Paese, è uno dei più trafficati al mondo assieme a Singapore e Rotterdam. Nel 2010 ha superato Singapore come volume di traffico. Famosi sono alcuni soprannomi della città tra i quali: «La Parigi d'oriente», «La regina d'oriente», «Perla d'oriente». A riconferma di ciò, un'autorevole indagine pone Shanghai tra le metropoli più alla moda d'Asia e la quattordicesima in tutto il mondo. El Hospital oftalmológico de la Universidad de Fudan, 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院 en chino, Hospital de ojos, oídos, nariz y garganta afiliado a la Universidad de Fudan, es un hospital terciario de primera clase ubicado en el n.º 83 de la calle Fenyang, en el distrito Xuhui de Shanghái, especializado en ojo, oído, nariz y garganta, equivalente a los departamentos de oftalmología y otorrinolaringología de la medicina occidental. Fundado en 1934, desde 1952 el hospital está afiliado a la Universidad de Fudan. También tiene dos sucursales en el n.º 19 de la calle Baoqing y en el n.º 2600 de la calle Jiangyue de Shanghai. El Hospital Ortopédico de Shanghái fue nombrado como el segundo.​ Shanghai (txinera sinplifikatuz: 上海; pinyinez: Shànghăi), Txinako hiririk handiena da. Yangtzeko deltaren hegoaldean kokatua dago. Hirigunea Huangpu ibaiaren bi alboetan zehar hedatzen da. Administrazioari dagokionez, Shangai Txinako lau jendetsuenetako bat da. Txinako gobernu zentralak administratzen du. Txinako hiriburu ekonomikoa da eta munduko portu nagusia. Udalerriak 6.340 km2-ko azalera du eta 17 milioi biztanle (2004); haietako hamar bat milioi hirigunean bizi dira. Txinako beste hiri batzuk baino beranduago garatzen hasi bazen ere, gaur egun Guangzhou edo Shenzhen hirien aurretik dago eta, pixkanaka, Hong Kongen mailara iristen ari da. Шанха́й (кит. 上海, пиньинь Shànghǎi; у 上海 [zãhe], Zånhae) — расположенный в дельте реки Янцзы на востоке Китая один из четырёх городов центрального подчинения КНР, важный культурный центр страны, а также крупнейший в мире морской порт. Кроме того, Шанхай является крупнейшим финансовым центром Китая (опережая Пекин и Гонконг), и одним из ведущих — в Восточной Азии и мире (после Нью-Йорка, Лондона и Токио). Согласно переписи 2020 года, в Шанхае проживало 24 870 895 человек. По итогам 2021 года объём внешней торговли Шанхая составил 10,09 трлн юаней (1,58 трлн долларов США), грузооборот порта превысил 47 млн TEU, а международный аэропорт Пудун обслужил более 32,2 млн пассажиров. Η Σαγκάη (επίσης γνωστή ως Σανγκάη ή Σανγκάι) (μανδαρινικά: 上海, πινγίν: Shànghǎi, προφορά: (βοήθεια·πολυμέσα)[ʂâŋ.xài]), είναι η μεγαλύτερη πόλη και λιμένας της Κίνας. Θεωρείται κύριος φορέας της σύγχρονης οικονομίας της Κίνας, καθώς επίσης και ένα από τα σημαντικότερα πολιτιστικά, εμπορικά, οικονομικά και βιομηχανικά της κέντρα. Shanghai (Chinees: 上海; pinyin: Shànghǎi) is de grootste stad van China. De gemeente is sinds 2005 een van de vijf steden in China die de status van nationale centrale stad hebben. Shanghai heeft 24,9 miljoen inwoners en is qua inwoneraantal de grootste gemeente ter wereld, en met 36,4 miljoen inwoners een van de drie grootste metropolen ter wereld. Shanghai ontstond als een dorpje dat leefde van de visserij en de textielindustrie, maar door het Verdrag van Nanking dat in 1842 met het Verenigd Koninkrijk werd gesloten, groeide Shanghai uit tot een havenstad met wereldwijde verbindingen. Sinds de jaren 90, na de economische hervormingen van Deng Xiaoping, is de stad bezig zich te herontwikkelen. Zo is het zakendistrict Pudong uit de grond gestampt. De stad heeft sinds 2004 de grootste haven ter wereld en heeft daarmee de positie van de haven van Singapore overgenomen. In 2010 werd de wereldtentoonstelling Expo 2010 in de stad gehouden. 上海市（シャンハイし）は、中華人民共和国の直轄市である。 同国の商業・金融・工業・交通などの中心地。強力な世界都市であり、英国のシンクタンクZ/Yenグループが2022年9月に発表した世界金融センターランキングによると世界6位。アメリカのシンクタンクが2021年に発表した総合的な世界都市ランキングにおいて、世界10位の都市と評価された。 2012年6月時点の常住人口は2,400万人を超え、市内総生産は2兆3,560億元（約45兆円）である。中華人民共和国国務院により国家中心都市の一つに指定されている。 Szanghaj – miasto we wschodnich Chinach, przy ujściu rzeki Jangcy, jedno z czterech miast wydzielonych Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej. Cała jednostka administracyjna liczyła w 2018 roku 24 237 800 mieszkańców. Port w Szanghaju jest największym na świecie pod względem wielkości przeładunku kontenerowego. Działa tutaj również jedna z największych giełd. W dzielnicy Pudong, leżącej naprzeciwko historycznego Bundu, skupia się jedna z największych na świecie liczba wieżowców. W mieście znajduje się Konsulat Generalny RP. Shanghai (/ʃæŋˈhaɪ/; Chinese: 上海, Shanghainese: Zaon6he5 [zɑ̃̀.hɛ́], Standard Mandarin pronunciation: [ʂâŋ.xàɪ]) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flowing through it. With a population of 24.89 million as of 2021, Shanghai is the most populous urban area in China with 39,300,000 inhabitants living in the Shanghai metropolitan area, the second most populous city proper in the world (after Chongqing) and the only city in East Asia with a GDP greater than its corresponding capital. Shanghai ranks second among the administrative divisions of Mainland China in human development index (after Beijing). As of 2018, the Greater Shanghai metropolitan area was estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product (nominal) of nearly 9.1 trillion RMB ($1.33 trillion), exceeding that of Mexico with GDP of $1.22 trillion, the 15th largest in the world. Shanghai is one of the world's major centers for finance, , research, , science and technology, manufacturing, tourism, culture, dining, , fashion, , and transportation, and the Port of Shanghai is the world's busiest container port. In 2019, the Shanghai Pudong International Airport was one of the world's 10 busiest airports by passenger traffic, and one of the two international airports serving the Shanghai metropolitan area, the other one being the Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport. Originally a fishing village and market town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to both domestic and foreign trade and its favorable port location. The city was one of five treaty ports forced to open to European trade after the First Opium War. The Shanghai International Settlement and the French Concession were subsequently established. The city then flourished, becoming a primary commercial and financial hub of Asia in the 1930s. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the city was the site of the major Battle of Shanghai. After the war, with the communists takeover of the mainland in 1949, trade was limited to other socialist countries and the city's global influence declined. Despite this, modern trade in the newly established PRC began in the late 1940s/early 1950s, and Shanghai officially became one of the biggest and most important cities among socialist states before the economic reform in 1978. By the 1990s, economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping a decade earlier resulted in an intense redevelopment of the city, especially the Pudong New Area, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment. The city has since re-emerged as a hub for international trade and finance; it is the home of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, one of the largest stock exchanges in the world by market capitalization and the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone, the first free-trade zone in mainland China. As of 2020, Shanghai was classified as an Alpha+ (global first-tier) city by the GaWC and ranked as having the 3rd most competitive and largest financial center in the world behind New York City and London. It has the largest metro network of any city in the world, the fifth-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world, the fifth-largest number of skyscrapers of any city in the world, the fifth-most Fortune Global 500 headquarters of any city in the world within its city limits, the third-largest scientific research output of any city in the world, and highly ranked Double First Class Universities including Fudan, Shanghai Jiao Tong, Tongji, East China Normal, Shanghai, Donghua, ShanghaiTech, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, and East China University of Science and Technology. Shanghai has been described as the "showpiece" of the booming economy of China. Featuring several architectural styles such as Art Deco and shikumen, the city is renowned for its Lujiazui skyline, museums and historic buildings including the City God Temple, Yu Garden, the China Pavilion and buildings along the Bund, which includes Oriental Pearl TV Tower. Shanghai is also known for its sugary cuisine, distinctive local language and vibrant international flair. As an important international city, Shanghai is the seat of the New Development Bank, a multilateral development bank established by the BRICS states and the city hosts more than 75 foreign representatives, the second highest after Beijing and numerous national and international events every year, such as Shanghai Fashion Week, the Chinese Grand Prix and ChinaJoy. Shanghai is the highest earning tourist city in the world, with the seventh most five-star hotels in the world, and the third tallest building in the world, the Shanghai Tower. In 2018, Shanghai hosted the first China International Import Expo (CIIE), the world's first import-themed national-level expo. Shanghai joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2019.
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