. . . . . . . . . . . . "Ray Jardine (born in 1944) is an American rock climber who, along with Bill Price, in May 1979, was the first to free climb the West Face of El Capitan in Yosemite Valley. Jardine is also a mountaineer, sea kayaker, sailor, hang glider pilot, sailplane pilot, small aircraft pilot, skydiver, long-distance hiker, bicyclist, motorcyclist, and gear designer. Jardine is noted for inventing and developing the spring-loaded camming devices called Friends with the late Mark Vallance, which revolutionized rock climbing in the late 1970s. He is also noted for his major contributions to the ultralight backpacking community through his books and his \"make-it-yourself\" gear company, Ray-Way Products."@en . . . . . . . . . . "Ray Jardine (* 1944) ist ein US-amerikanischer Kletterer und Bergf\u00FChrer. Er gilt als einer der Pioniere des modernen Bigwall- und Freikletterns im Yosemite-Nationalpark."@de . . . . . . . "Ray Jardine (* 1944) ist ein US-amerikanischer Kletterer und Bergf\u00FChrer. Er gilt als einer der Pioniere des modernen Bigwall- und Freikletterns im Yosemite-Nationalpark."@de . "\u0631\u0627\u064A \u062C\u0627\u0631\u062F\u064A\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Ray Jardine)\u200F \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0644\u062F \u0641\u064A 1944."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "5825"^^ . . . . . . . "Ray Jardine"@de . . "\u0631\u0627\u064A \u062C\u0627\u0631\u062F\u064A\u0646"@ar . . . "\u0631\u0627\u064A \u062C\u0627\u0631\u062F\u064A\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Ray Jardine)\u200F \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0644\u062F \u0641\u064A 1944."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ray Jardine"@en . . . . . . "1107814837"^^ . . . . . . "887154"^^ . . . . . "Ray Jardine (born in 1944) is an American rock climber who, along with Bill Price, in May 1979, was the first to free climb the West Face of El Capitan in Yosemite Valley. Jardine is also a mountaineer, sea kayaker, sailor, hang glider pilot, sailplane pilot, small aircraft pilot, skydiver, long-distance hiker, bicyclist, motorcyclist, and gear designer."@en . . . . . . . .