. . . . . "La modulaci\u00F3n por ancho de pulsos (tambi\u00E9n conocida como PWM, siglas en ingl\u00E9s de pulse-width modulation) de una se\u00F1al o fuente de energ\u00EDa es una t\u00E9cnica en la que se modifica el ciclo de trabajo de una se\u00F1al peri\u00F3dica (una senoidal o una cuadrada, por ejemplo), ya sea para transmitir informaci\u00F3n a trav\u00E9s de un canal de comunicaciones o para controlar la cantidad de energ\u00EDa que se env\u00EDa a una carga. El ciclo de trabajo de una se\u00F1al peri\u00F3dica es el ancho relativo de su parte positiva en relaci\u00F3n con el per\u00EDodo. Expresado matem\u00E1ticamente:"@es . "\u062A\u0636\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . . . "Modulation de largeur d'impulsion"@fr . . . "\uD384\uC2A4 \uD3ED \uBCC0\uC870(Pulse Width Modulation, PWM) \uBC29\uC2DD\uC740 \uD384\uC2A4\uC758 \uD3ED\uC744 \uC870\uC808\uD558\uB294 \uBC29\uC2DD\uC73C\uB85C \uBCC0\uC870\uD55C\uB2E4. \uB54C\uB54C\uB85C PDM(pulse-duration modulation)\uB77C\uACE0\uB3C4 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uD384\uC2A4\uD3ED\uBCC0\uC870\uC81C\uC5B4(pulse\u5E45\u8B8A\u8ABF\u5236\u5FA1)\uB294 \uC784\uC758\uC758 \uC815\uD574\uC9C4 \uCD9C\uB825 \uD30C\uD615\uC744 \uC720\uB3C4\uD574\uB0B4\uAE30 \uC704\uD558\uC5EC \uAC01 \uAE30\uBCF8 \uC8FC\uAE30\uC5D0\uC11C \uD384\uC2A4\uD3ED\uC774\uB098 \uC8FC\uD30C\uC218, \uB610\uB294 \uADF8 \uB450 \uAC00\uC9C0 \uBAA8\uB450\uB97C \uBCC0\uC870\uC2DC\uD0A4\uB294 \uD384\uC2A4 \uC81C\uC5B4 \uBC29\uC2DD\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . "\uD384\uC2A4 \uD3ED \uBCC0\uC870"@ko . . "Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a method of reducing the average power delivered by an electrical signal, by effectively chopping it up into discrete parts. The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load. Along with maximum power point tracking (MPPT), it is one of the primary methods of reducing the output of solar panels to that which can be utilized by a battery. PWM is particularly suited for running inertial loads such as motors, which are not as easily affected by this discrete switching, because their inertia causes them to react slowly. The PWM switching frequency has to be high enough not to affect the load, which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. The rate (or frequency) at which the power supply must switch can vary greatly depending on load and application. For example, switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove; 100 or 120 Hz (double of the utility frequency) in a lamp dimmer; between a few kilohertz (kHz) and tens of kHz for a motor drive; and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies. The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle. PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel. In electronics, many modern microcontrollers (MCUs) integrate PWM controllers exposed to external pins as peripheral devices under firmware control by means of internal programming interfaces. These are commonly used for direct current (DC) motor control in robotics and other applications."@en . . . "\u8108\u885D\u5BEC\u5EA6\u8ABF\u8B8A"@zh . . "Pulsbreddsmodulering"@sv . "Modulasi lebar pulsa adalah salah satu metode rangkaian elektronik yang digunakan untuk mengubah arus searah menjadi arus bolak-balik. Metode ini juga mengubah bentuk arus bolak-balik dengan menjadi gelombang sinus. Dasar penggunaan rangkaian ini adalah ketidakcocokan gelombang kotak pada peralatan listrik. Peralatan listrik umumnya didesain untuk bekerja dengan gelombang sinus. Selain itu, gelombang kotak akan menyebabkan panas berlebih yang menurunkan kinerja dan usia pakai peralatan dan sistem kelistrikan. Modulator lebar pulsa dapat ditemukan dalam rangkaian . Penggunaan modulasi lebar pulsa pada penggerak motor listrik meningkat seiring kemajuan teknologi peralatan solid state drive dan mikroprosesor. Modulasi lebar pulsa mampu mengatur nilai frekuensi, tegangan listrik dan arus list"@in . . . . "Pulsbreddsmodulering, (PWM pulse width modulation eller PDM pulse duration modulation) \u00E4r en metod att skapa en kontinuerligt varierbar effektmatning genom att sl\u00E5 p\u00E5 och av sp\u00E4nningen snabbare \u00E4n vad den anslutna apparaten kan urskilja. Anv\u00E4ndningsomr\u00E5det \u00E4r styrning av elmotorer, v\u00E4rmeelement och liknande eller att \u00F6verf\u00F6ra en styrsignal till exempel servon. Pulsformen kan ge upphov till stora elektromagnetiska st\u00F6rningar vid felaktig konstruktion. Exempel: D\u00E5 styrsignalen \u00E4r 30% av max effekt ska styrdonet vara tillslaget 30% av cykeltiden."@sv . "Pulsbreddsmodulering, (PWM pulse width modulation eller PDM pulse duration modulation) \u00E4r en metod att skapa en kontinuerligt varierbar effektmatning genom att sl\u00E5 p\u00E5 och av sp\u00E4nningen snabbare \u00E4n vad den anslutna apparaten kan urskilja. Anv\u00E4ndningsomr\u00E5det \u00E4r styrning av elmotorer, v\u00E4rmeelement och liknande eller att \u00F6verf\u00F6ra en styrsignal till exempel servon. Pulsformen kan ge upphov till stora elektromagnetiska st\u00F6rningar vid felaktig konstruktion. F\u00F6r \u00F6verf\u00F6ring till elmotorer anv\u00E4nds pulsbreddsmodulering i styr- och reglerkretsar f\u00F6r att erh\u00E5lla en kontinuerligt varierbar effektmatning trots att man arbetar med bin\u00E4ra (antingen \u00E4r det sp\u00E4nning eller inte alls i motorn), till exempel styrdon som sl\u00E5s p\u00E5 och av med rel\u00E4er. Styrningen vid pulsbreddsmodulering sker med tv\u00E5 parametrar: cykeltid och tillslagstid. Cykeltiden, som \u00E4r konstant, v\u00E4ljes av anv\u00E4ndaren och b\u00F6r vara kort i f\u00F6rh\u00E5llande till det styrda objektets tidskonstanter. Styr- och reglersystemets uppgift \u00E4r att best\u00E4mma tillslagstiden, det vill s\u00E4ga hur l\u00E5ng tid styrdonet ska vara tillslaget under varje cykel. Genom att sl\u00E5 p\u00E5 och av sp\u00E4nningen kan man reglera hastigheten p\u00E5 exempelvis en elmotor eftersom den inte hinner stanna om man ger korta impulser. Vill man ha h\u00F6gre hastighet ger man t\u00E4tare sp\u00E4nningsimpulser. Exempel: D\u00E5 styrsignalen \u00E4r 30% av max effekt ska styrdonet vara tillslaget 30% av cykeltiden. F\u00F6rdelen med pulsbreddsmodulering \u00E4r att det ofta ger billigare och ibland ocks\u00E5 mer energibesparande l\u00F6sningar j\u00E4mf\u00F6rt med att arbeta med kontinuerliga styrdon. En klass AB- eller klass B- f\u00F6rst\u00E4rkare som har en pulsbreddmodulerad insignal och har en negativ och en positiv sp\u00E4nningsmatning kan p\u00E5 s\u00E5 vis styra en v\u00E4xelstr\u00F6msmotor. Man kan \u00E4ven samtidigt \u00E4ndra amplituden men d\u00E5 \u00E4r det kombinerad amplitud- och pulsbreddsmodulering. Det finns tv\u00E5 andra modulationss\u00E4tt som relaterar till pulsbreddsmodulering. N\u00E4mligen frekvensmodulering och amplitudmodulering."@sv . . . . . "\u0428\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0301\u0442\u043D\u043E-\u0438\u0301\u043C\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0301\u0446\u0438\u044F (\u0428\u0418\u041C, \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. pulse-width modulation (PWM)) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0443\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0449\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u043F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u0432\u044B\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044F \u044D\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0430\u043D\u0430\u0301\u043B\u043E\u0433\u043E\u0432\u0443\u044E \u0428\u0418\u041C \u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0301\u044E \u0428\u0418\u041C, \u0434\u0432\u043E\u0301\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0443\u044E (\u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0443\u0301\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044E) \u0428\u0418\u041C \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0301\u0447\u043D\u0443\u044E (\u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445\u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044E) \u0428\u0418\u041C."@ru . . . . "\u30D1\u30EB\u30B9\u5E45\u5909\u8ABF"@ja . . . . . . . . "\u8109\u51B2\u5BBD\u5EA6\u8C03\u5236\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1APulse-width modulation\uFF0C\u7F29\u5199\uFF1APWM\uFF09\uFF0C\u7B80\u79F0\u8109\u5BBD\u8C03\u5236\uFF0C\u662F\u5C07\u6A21\u62DF\u4FE1\u865F\u8F49\u63DB\u70BA\u8108\u6CE2\u7684\u4E00\u7A2E\u6280\u8853\uFF0C\u4E00\u822C\u8F49\u63DB\u5F8C\u8108\u6CE2\u7684\u9031\u671F\u56FA\u5B9A\uFF0C\u4F46\u8108\u6CE2\u7684\u5DE5\u4F5C\u9031\u671F\u6703\u4F9D\u6A21\u62DF\u4FE1\u865F\u7684\u5927\u5C0F\u800C\u6539\u8B8A\u3002 \u5728\u6A21\u62DF\u7535\u8DEF\u4E2D\uFF0C\u6A21\u62DF\u4FE1\u53F7\u7684\u503C\u53EF\u4EE5\u8FDE\u7EED\u8FDB\u884C\u53D8\u5316\uFF0C\u5728\u65F6\u95F4\u548C\u503C\u7684\u5E45\u5EA6\u4E0A\u90FD\u51E0\u4E4E\u6CA1\u6709\u9650\u5236\uFF0C\u57FA\u672C\u4E0A\u53EF\u4EE5\u53D6\u4EFB\u4F55\u5B9E\u6570\u503C\uFF0C\u8F93\u5165\u4E0E\u8F93\u51FA\u4E5F\u5448\u7EBF\u6027\u53D8\u5316\u3002\u6240\u4EE5\u5728\u6A21\u62DF\u7535\u8DEF\u4E2D\uFF0C\u7535\u538B\u548C\u7535\u6D41\u53EF\u76F4\u63A5\u7528\u6765\u8FDB\u884C\u63A7\u5236\u5BF9\u8C61\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u5BB6\u7528\u7535\u5668\u8BBE\u5907\u4E2D\u7684\u97F3\u91CF\u5F00\u5173\u63A7\u5236\u3001\u91C7\u7528\u5364\u7D20\u706F\u6CE1\u706F\u5177\u7684\u4EAE\u5EA6\u63A7\u5236\u7B49\u7B49\u3002 \u4F46\u6A21\u62DF\u7535\u8DEF\u6709\u8BF8\u591A\u7684\u95EE\u9898\uFF1A\u4F8B\u5982\u63A7\u5236\u4FE1\u53F7\u5BB9\u6613\u968F\u65F6\u95F4\u6F02\u79FB\uFF0C\u96BE\u4EE5\u8C03\u8282\uFF1B\u529F\u8017\u5927\uFF1B\u6613\u53D7\u566A\u58F0\u548C\u73AF\u5883\u5E72\u64FE\u7B49\u3002\u751F\u6210\u6A21\u62DF\u4FE1\u53F7\u5BF9\u4E8E\u6570\u5B57\u7535\u8DEF\u800C\u8A00\u5F80\u5F80\u9700\u8981\u989D\u5916\u7684\u6570\u5B57-\u6A21\u62DF\u8F6C\u6362\u5668\u3002 \u8207\u6A21\u62DF\u7535\u8DEF\u4E0D\u540C\uFF0C\u6570\u5B57\u7535\u8DEF\u662F\u5728\u9884\u5148\u786E\u5B9A\u7684\u8303\u56F4\u5185\u53D6\u503C\uFF0C\u5728\u4EFB\u4F55\u65F6\u523B\uFF0C\u5176\u8F93\u51FA\u53EA\u53EF\u80FD\u4E3AON\u548COFF\u4E24\u79CD\u72B6\u6001\uFF0C\u6240\u4EE5\u7535\u538B\u6216\u7535\u6D41\u4F1A\u901A/\u65AD\u65B9\u5F0F\u7684\u91CD\u590D\u8109\u51B2\u5E8F\u5217\u52A0\u8F7D\u5230\u6A21\u62DF\u8D1F\u8F7D\u3002PWM\u6280\u672F\u662F\u4E00\u79CD\u5BF9\u6A21\u62DF\u4FE1\u53F7\u7535\u5E73\u7684\u6570\u5B57\u7F16\u7801\u65B9\u6CD5\uFF0C\u901A\u8FC7\u4F7F\u7528\u9AD8\u5206\u8FA8\u7387\u8BA1\u6570\u5668\uFF08\u8C03\u5236\u9891\u7387\uFF09\u8C03\u5236\u65B9\u6CE2\u7684\u5360\u7A7A\u6BD4\uFF0C\u4ECE\u800C\u5B9E\u73B0\u5BF9\u4E00\u4E2A\u6A21\u62DF\u4FE1\u53F7\u7684\u7535\u5E73\u8FDB\u884C\u7F16\u7801\u3002\u5176\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4F18\u70B9\u662F\u4ECE\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5230\u88AB\u63A7\u5BF9\u8C61\u4E4B\u95F4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4FE1\u53F7\u90FD\u662F\u6570\u5B57\u5F62\u5F0F\u7684\uFF0C\u65E0\u9700\u518D\u8FDB\u884C\u6570\u6A21\u8F6C\u6362\u8FC7\u7A0B\uFF1B\u800C\u4E14\u5BF9\u566A\u58F0\u7684\u6297\u5E72\u6270\u80FD\u529B\u4E5F\u5927\u5927\u589E\u5F3A\uFF08\u566A\u58F0\u53EA\u6709\u5728\u5F3A\u5230\u8DB3\u4EE5\u5C06\u903B\u8F91\u503C\u6539\u53D8\u65F6\uFF0C\u624D\u53EF\u80FD\u5BF9\u6570\u5B57\u4FE1\u53F7\u4EA7\u751F\u5B9E\u8D28\u7684\u5F71\u54CD\uFF09\uFF0C\u8FD9\u4E5F\u662FPWM\u5728\u901A\u8BAF\u7B49\u4FE1\u53F7\u4F20\u8F93\u884C\u4E1A\u5F97\u5230\u5927\u91CF\u5E94\u7528\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u539F\u56E0\u3002 \u6A21\u62DF\u4FE1\u53F7\u80FD\u5426\u4F7F\u7528PWM\u8FDB\u884C\u7F16\u7801\u8C03\u5236\uFF0C\u4EC5\u4F9D\u8D56\u5E26\u5BBD\uFF0C\u8FD9\u5373\u610F\u5473\u7740\u53EA\u8981\u6709\u8DB3\u591F\u7684\u5E26\u5BBD\uFF0C\u4EFB\u4F55\u6A21\u62DF\u4FE1\u53F7\u503C\u5747\u53EF\u4EE5\u91C7\u7528PWM\u6280\u672F\u8FDB\u884C\u8C03\u5236\u7F16\u7801\u3002 \u5728\u4FE1\u53F7\u63A5\u6536\u7AEF\uFF0C\u9700\u5C06\u4FE1\u53F7\u89E3\u8C03\u8FD8\u539F\u4E3A\u6A21\u62DF\u4FE1\u53F7\u3002 \u76EE\u524D\u5728\u5F88\u591A\u5FAE\u578B\u63A7\u5236\u5668(MCU)\u5185\u90E8\u90FD\u5305\u542B\u6709PWM\u63A7\u5236\u5668\u6A21\u5757\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Modulazione di larghezza d'impulso"@it . . "A modula\u00E7\u00E3o por largura de pulso (MLP) - mais conhecida pela sigla em ingl\u00EAs PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) - de um sinal ou em fontes de alimenta\u00E7\u00E3o envolve a modula\u00E7\u00E3o de sua raz\u00E3o c\u00EDclica (duty cycle) para transportar qualquer informa\u00E7\u00E3o sobre um canal de comunica\u00E7\u00E3o ou controlar o valor da alimenta\u00E7\u00E3o entregue \u00E0 carga."@pt . . . "Pulsdauermodulation"@de . . "Modulaci\u00F3 per amplada de polsos (PWM en angl\u00E8s) \u00E9s una t\u00E8cnica de modulaci\u00F3 emprada per a codificar un missatge en una s\u00E8rie de polsos d'amplada variable. L'aplicaci\u00F3 m\u00E9s usada \u00E9s la dosificaci\u00F3 de pot\u00E8ncia en fonts d'alimentaci\u00F3 commutades o en carregadors de bateries."@ca . . . . "Pulsbreedtemodulatie (PBM of PWM van het Engelse pulse-width modulation) is een modulatietechniek waarbij in een vaste frequentie pulsen worden uitgezonden waarvan de breedte gevarieerd wordt. PBM wordt veel gebruikt als vorm van elektrische voeding of als manier van digitale informatieoverdracht. Het grote voordeel van PBM als vermogensregeling is dat het vermogensverlies over de schakelapparaten zeer klein is."@nl . . . . . "\u062A\u0636\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Pulse Width Modulation \u0627\u062E\u062A\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064B PWM)\u200F \u0647\u064A \u062A\u0642\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0633\u0645\u062D \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0643\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u062A\u0645\u0627\u062B\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064A\u0627\u064B (controlling an analog value digitally). \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0640 \u0645\u0628\u062F\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064A \u062A\u0645\u062B\u064A\u0644\u064A (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: digital to analog converter)\u200F \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062A\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0651\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u062A\u0631\u062F\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062A pulses \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062D\u062F\u0629\u060C \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0628\u062F\u064A\u0644 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u062F\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u062F\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062E\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064A\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062D\u064A\u062B \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062A\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064A \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064A\u0645\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 0 \u0648 1 \u0641\u0641\u064A \u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u062F 12 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062A \u0645\u062B\u0644\u0627\u064B\u060C 0 \u2261 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062A \u0648 1 \u2261 12 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062A\u060C \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0645\u0627\u062B\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640 12 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062A. \u0627\u0644\u0640 duty cycle \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062F\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u062F\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0641\u064A \u062F\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062C\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0639\u062F\u064A\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0636\u064A\u0629: d = t_high / (t_high + t_low) \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u0648\u062F v_out = d \u00D7 v_in\u060C \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0628\u062A. \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064A\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062A\u0637\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0640 dc motors \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u062F\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0640 led \u0645\u0639\u064A\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u062F\u0631 \u062C\u0647\u062F \u062B\u0627\u0628\u062A dc\u060C \u0648\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0642\u0627\u062A. \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062A\u062C \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062C\u0647\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062F\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062D\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062F\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u062F\u0645\u0629."@ar . "Modulaci\u00F3 per amplada de polsos (PWM en angl\u00E8s) \u00E9s una t\u00E8cnica de modulaci\u00F3 emprada per a codificar un missatge en una s\u00E8rie de polsos d'amplada variable. L'aplicaci\u00F3 m\u00E9s usada \u00E9s la dosificaci\u00F3 de pot\u00E8ncia en fonts d'alimentaci\u00F3 commutades o en carregadors de bateries."@ca . . "\u0428\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E-\u0456\u043C\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043D\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0446\u0456\u044F (\u0428\u0406\u041C \u2014 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. pulse-width modulation, PWM), \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0446\u0456\u044F \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044E \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0456\u0432 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. pulse-duration modulation, PDM) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441 \u043A\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043D\u043E\u044E (\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044E) \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043A\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u043D\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043D\u0430\u043B. \u0412 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0446\u0456 \u0446\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043A\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0456\u043C \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0432\u0438\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u0448\u043B\u044F\u0445\u043E\u043C \u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043C\u043A\u043D\u0443\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0443 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E (\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E) \u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0430, \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434, \u0443 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043C\u0456 \u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043B\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438."@uk . . . . "In elettronica e telecomunicazioni la modulazione di larghezza d'impulso (o PWM, acronimo del corrispettivo inglese pulse-width modulation) \u00E8 un tipo di modulazione digitale che permette di ottenere una tensione media variabile dipendente dal rapporto tra la durata dell'impulso positivo e dell'intero periodo (duty cycle). Allo stesso modo, \u00E8 fondamentalmente utilizzato per protocolli di comunicazione in cui l'informazione \u00E8 codificata sotto forma di durata nel tempo di ciascun impulso. Grazie ai moderni microcontrollori, \u00E8 possibile attivare o disattivare un interruttore ad alta frequenza e allo stesso modo rilevare lo stato e il periodo di un impulso."@it . . . . . . . "\u0428\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E-\u0456\u043C\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043D\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0446\u0456\u044F"@uk . "\u30D1\u30EB\u30B9\u5E45\u5909\u8ABF\uFF08\u30D1\u30EB\u30B9\u306F\u3070\u3078\u3093\u3061\u3087\u3046\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E: pulse width modulation\u3001PWM\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u5909\u8ABF\u65B9\u6CD5\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u30D1\u30EB\u30B9\u6CE2\u306E\u30C7\u30E5\u30FC\u30C6\u30A3\u6BD4\u3092\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305B\u3066\u5909\u8ABF\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3002 \n* \u6A5F\u68B0\u5DE5\u5B66\u306A\u3069\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u306F\u3001\u30B9\u30A4\u30C3\u30C1\u30AA\u30F3\uFF0F\u30AA\u30D5\u306E\u6BD4\u7387\u3092\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305B\u308B\u624B\u6CD5\u3002 \n* \u30B7\u30F3\u30BB\u30B5\u30A4\u30B6\u30FC\u3067\u3001\u30D1\u30EB\u30B9\u6CE2\u306E\u30C7\u30E5\u30FC\u30C6\u30A3\u6BD4\u3092\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3002"@ja . "\u062A\u0636\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Pulse Width Modulation \u0627\u062E\u062A\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064B PWM)\u200F \u0647\u064A \u062A\u0642\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0633\u0645\u062D \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0643\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u062A\u0645\u0627\u062B\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064A\u0627\u064B (controlling an analog value digitally). \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0640 \u0645\u0628\u062F\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064A \u062A\u0645\u062B\u064A\u0644\u064A (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: digital to analog converter)\u200F \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062A\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0651\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u062A\u0631\u062F\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062A pulses \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062D\u062F\u0629\u060C \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0628\u062F\u064A\u0644 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u062F\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u062F\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062E\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064A\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062D\u064A\u062B \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062A\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064A \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064A\u0645\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 0 \u0648 1 \u0641\u0641\u064A \u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u062F 12 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062A \u0645\u062B\u0644\u0627\u064B\u060C 0 \u2261 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062A \u0648 1 \u2261 12 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062A\u060C \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0645\u0627\u062B\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640 12 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062A."@ar . "Modulasi lebar pulsa adalah salah satu metode rangkaian elektronik yang digunakan untuk mengubah arus searah menjadi arus bolak-balik. Metode ini juga mengubah bentuk arus bolak-balik dengan menjadi gelombang sinus. Dasar penggunaan rangkaian ini adalah ketidakcocokan gelombang kotak pada peralatan listrik. Peralatan listrik umumnya didesain untuk bekerja dengan gelombang sinus. Selain itu, gelombang kotak akan menyebabkan panas berlebih yang menurunkan kinerja dan usia pakai peralatan dan sistem kelistrikan. Modulator lebar pulsa dapat ditemukan dalam rangkaian . Penggunaan modulasi lebar pulsa pada penggerak motor listrik meningkat seiring kemajuan teknologi peralatan solid state drive dan mikroprosesor. Modulasi lebar pulsa mampu mengatur nilai frekuensi, tegangan listrik dan arus listrik yang diterapkan ke motor listrik. Efisiensi energi pada inverter sangat ditentukan oleh pemilihan metode lebar pulsa. Penggunaan modulasi lebar pulsa sangat efisien pada konverter tiga fasa. Modulasi lebar pulsa mampu meningkatkan kualitas bentuk gelombang sinus, linieritas tegangan kerja dan kestabilan perubahan frekuensi pada arus bolak-balik."@in . "Pultsu zabalera modulazio"@eu . . . . "Pulsbreedtemodulatie"@nl . . . . . "Die Pulsdauermodulation \u2013 kurz PDM (englisch pulse duration modulation); auch Pulsl\u00E4ngenmodulation (PLM), Pulsbreitenmodulation (PBM), Pulsweitenmodulation (PWM; abgelehnt in IEC 60050, auch englisch) und Unterschwingungsverfahren genannt \u2013 ist eine Modulationsart, bei der eine technische Gr\u00F6\u00DFe (z. B. elektrische Spannung) zwischen zwei Werten wechselt. Dabei wird bei konstanter Frequenz der Tastgrad eines Rechteckpulses moduliert, also die Dauer der ihn bildenden Impulse."@de . . . . "Pulzn\u011B \u0161\u00ED\u0159kov\u00E1 modulace, neboli PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) je diskr\u00E9tn\u00ED modulace pro p\u0159enos analogov\u00E9ho sign\u00E1lu pomoc\u00ED dvouhodnotov\u00E9ho sign\u00E1lu. Jako dvouhodnotov\u00E1 veli\u010Dina m\u016F\u017Ee b\u00FDt pou\u017Eito nap\u0159\u00EDklad nap\u011Bt\u00ED, proud nebo sv\u011Bteln\u00FD tok. Sign\u00E1l je p\u0159en\u00E1\u0161en pomoc\u00ED st\u0159\u00EDdy. Pro demodulaci takov\u00E9ho sign\u00E1lu pak sta\u010D\u00ED dolnofrekven\u010Dn\u00ED propust. Vzhledem ke sv\u00FDm vlastnostem je pulsn\u011B \u0161\u00ED\u0159kov\u00E1 modulace \u010Dasto vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1na ve v\u00FDkonov\u00E9 elektronice pro \u0159\u00EDzen\u00ED velikosti nap\u011Bt\u00ED nebo proudu. Kombinace PWM modul\u00E1toru a dolnofrekven\u010Dn\u00ED propusti b\u00FDv\u00E1 rovn\u011B\u017E vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1na jako levn\u00E1 n\u00E1hrada D/A p\u0159evodn\u00EDku."@cs . . . . . "\uD384\uC2A4 \uD3ED \uBCC0\uC870(Pulse Width Modulation, PWM) \uBC29\uC2DD\uC740 \uD384\uC2A4\uC758 \uD3ED\uC744 \uC870\uC808\uD558\uB294 \uBC29\uC2DD\uC73C\uB85C \uBCC0\uC870\uD55C\uB2E4. \uB54C\uB54C\uB85C PDM(pulse-duration modulation)\uB77C\uACE0\uB3C4 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uD384\uC2A4\uD3ED\uBCC0\uC870\uC81C\uC5B4(pulse\u5E45\u8B8A\u8ABF\u5236\u5FA1)\uB294 \uC784\uC758\uC758 \uC815\uD574\uC9C4 \uCD9C\uB825 \uD30C\uD615\uC744 \uC720\uB3C4\uD574\uB0B4\uAE30 \uC704\uD558\uC5EC \uAC01 \uAE30\uBCF8 \uC8FC\uAE30\uC5D0\uC11C \uD384\uC2A4\uD3ED\uC774\uB098 \uC8FC\uD30C\uC218, \uB610\uB294 \uADF8 \uB450 \uAC00\uC9C0 \uBAA8\uB450\uB97C \uBCC0\uC870\uC2DC\uD0A4\uB294 \uD384\uC2A4 \uC81C\uC5B4 \uBC29\uC2DD\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . "Pultsu zabalera modulazioa -ingelesez Pulse-width modulation (PWM) edo pulse-duration modulation (PDM)-, pultsu digitalen bidez zirkuitu analogikoak kontrolatzeko teknika bat da. Erabilpen nagusia gailu elektrikoei hornitzen zaien potentzia mailaren kontrola da. Tentsioaren -eta korrontearen- balio medioa, iturrian maila altua eta bajua abiadura haundiz aldatuz lortzen da. Zenbat eta maila altuak gehiago iraun maila bajuarekin konparatuz, potentzia haundiagoa aplikatuko da kargan -potentzia xahutzen duen gailuan-. Pultsuen maila-aldatze maiztasuna haundia izan behar da, kargan antzematen den uhinaren forma leuna izan dadin. Maiztasun honen balio tipiko batzuk hainbat aldaketa minutuko sukalde elektrikoetan, 120 Hz argi-graduagailuetan, hainbat kHz motor elektrikoetan eta milaka kHz audio anplifikagailuetan eta konputagailuentzako elikatze-iturrietan dira. Lan zikloa (Duty-Cicle) seinale digitalaren pultsuaren zabalera eta ziklo osoaren zabaleraren arteko erlazioa da. Ehunekotan adierazten da, %100 balioari denbora guztian maila altua dagokiolarik: Non: D= Lan-zikloa.t= Seinalearen tarte positiboa (pultsu zabalera).T= Seinalearen periodoa."@eu . . "PWM (ang. Pulse-Width Modulation) \u2013 metoda regulacji sygna\u0142u pr\u0105dowego lub napi\u0119ciowego, o sta\u0142ej amplitudzie i cz\u0119stotliwo\u015Bci, polegaj\u0105ca na zmianie wype\u0142nienia sygna\u0142u, u\u017Cywana w zasilaczach impulsowych, wzmacniaczach impulsowych i uk\u0142adach steruj\u0105cych prac\u0105 silnik\u00F3w elektrycznych. Uk\u0142ad PWM zasila urz\u0105dzenie bezpo\u015Brednio lub przez filtr dolnoprzepustowy wyg\u0142adzaj\u0105cy zmiany nat\u0119\u017Cenia pr\u0105du elektrycznego i napi\u0119cia."@pl . . . . "Modulacja szeroko\u015Bci impuls\u00F3w"@pl . . "28099"^^ . "Pulsbreedtemodulatie (PBM of PWM van het Engelse pulse-width modulation) is een modulatietechniek waarbij in een vaste frequentie pulsen worden uitgezonden waarvan de breedte gevarieerd wordt. PBM wordt veel gebruikt als vorm van elektrische voeding of als manier van digitale informatieoverdracht. Men stuurt een elektrisch signaal in de vorm van een blokgolf met een vaste frequentie. De spanning is dus volledig ingeschakeld (1) of volledig uitgeschakeld (0). Bij PBM wordt de arbeidscyclus van het signaal aangepast. De arbeidscyclus is de verhouding van de tijd dat het signaal hoog (1) is tot de periode van het signaal. Men be\u00EFnvloedt zo de gemiddelde waarde van het signaal, zoals te zien is in figuur 1. PBM kent vele toepassingen, een eenvoudig voorbeeld is de aansturing van een led. Wanneer de led wordt aangestuurd met een PBM-signaal dan zal de led op hoge snelheid aan- en uitschakelen. Wanneer de gebruikte frequentie hoog genoeg is dan zal de traagheid van het menselijk oog ervoor zorgen dat het lijkt alsof de led zachter brandt. Voorgaande voorbeeld haalt al aan dat de gebruikte frequentie van belang is. De schakelfrequentie moet snel genoeg zijn zodat het schakelen geen merkbare invloed heeft op de belasting. Deze schakelfrequentie kan vari\u00EBren van enkele keren schakelen per minuut bij een elektrisch fornuis, tot 100 Hz in een dimmer voor gloeilampen, enkele kilohertz (kHz) bij motorsturingen en tien tot honderden kHz in schakelende voedingen voor televisies en computersystemen. Het grote voordeel van PBM als vermogensregeling is dat het vermogensverlies over de schakelapparaten zeer klein is."@nl . . . . "Modulaci\u00F3 per amplada de polsos"@ca . . . . "Pulse-width modulation"@en . . . . "81242"^^ . . . . "Pultsu zabalera modulazioa -ingelesez Pulse-width modulation (PWM) edo pulse-duration modulation (PDM)-, pultsu digitalen bidez zirkuitu analogikoak kontrolatzeko teknika bat da. Erabilpen nagusia gailu elektrikoei hornitzen zaien potentzia mailaren kontrola da. Tentsioaren -eta korrontearen- balio medioa, iturrian maila altua eta bajua abiadura haundiz aldatuz lortzen da. Zenbat eta maila altuak gehiago iraun maila bajuarekin konparatuz, potentzia haundiagoa aplikatuko da kargan -potentzia xahutzen duen gailuan-. Non:"@eu . . . . . . "\u0428\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0301\u0442\u043D\u043E-\u0438\u0301\u043C\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0301\u0446\u0438\u044F (\u0428\u0418\u041C, \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. pulse-width modulation (PWM)) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0443\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0449\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u043F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u0432\u044B\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044F \u044D\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0430\u043D\u0430\u0301\u043B\u043E\u0433\u043E\u0432\u0443\u044E \u0428\u0418\u041C \u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0301\u044E \u0428\u0418\u041C, \u0434\u0432\u043E\u0301\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0443\u044E (\u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0443\u0301\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044E) \u0428\u0418\u041C \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0301\u0447\u043D\u0443\u044E (\u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445\u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044E) \u0428\u0418\u041C."@ru . . . . . . "\u0428\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E-\u0456\u043C\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043D\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0446\u0456\u044F (\u0428\u0406\u041C \u2014 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. pulse-width modulation, PWM), \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0446\u0456\u044F \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044E \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0456\u0432 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. pulse-duration modulation, PDM) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441 \u043A\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043D\u043E\u044E (\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044E) \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043A\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u043D\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043D\u0430\u043B. \u0412 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0446\u0456 \u0446\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043A\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0456\u043C \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0432\u0438\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u0448\u043B\u044F\u0445\u043E\u043C \u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043C\u043A\u043D\u0443\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0443 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E (\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E) \u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0430, \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434, \u0443 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043C\u0456 \u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043B\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438."@uk . "In elettronica e telecomunicazioni la modulazione di larghezza d'impulso (o PWM, acronimo del corrispettivo inglese pulse-width modulation) \u00E8 un tipo di modulazione digitale che permette di ottenere una tensione media variabile dipendente dal rapporto tra la durata dell'impulso positivo e dell'intero periodo (duty cycle). Allo stesso modo, \u00E8 fondamentalmente utilizzato per protocolli di comunicazione in cui l'informazione \u00E8 codificata sotto forma di durata nel tempo di ciascun impulso. Grazie ai moderni microcontrollori, \u00E8 possibile attivare o disattivare un interruttore ad alta frequenza e allo stesso modo rilevare lo stato e il periodo di un impulso."@it . . . . . . . . "La modulation de largeur d'impulsions (MLI ; en anglais : Pulse Width Modulation, soit PWM), est une technique couramment utilis\u00E9e pour synth\u00E9tiser des signaux pseudo analogiques \u00E0 l'aide de circuits num\u00E9riques (tout ou rien, 1 ou 0), ou plus g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement \u00E0 \u00E9tats discrets. Elle sert \u00E0 g\u00E9n\u00E9rer un signal pseudo analogique \u00E0 partir d'un environnement num\u00E9rique ou analogique pour permettre un traitement de ce signal par des composants en commutation (se comportant comme des interrupteurs ouverts ou ferm\u00E9s). Le principe g\u00E9n\u00E9ral est qu'en appliquant une succession rapide d'\u00E9tats discrets avec des ratio de dur\u00E9e bien choisis, on peut obtenir en ne regardant que la valeur moyenne du signal n'importe quelle valeur interm\u00E9diaire"@fr . . . . . "Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a method of reducing the average power delivered by an electrical signal, by effectively chopping it up into discrete parts. The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load. Along with maximum power point tracking (MPPT), it is one of the primary methods of reducing the output of solar panels to that which can be utilized by a battery. PWM is particularly suited for running inertial loads such as motors, which are not as easily affected by this discrete switching, because their inertia causes them to react slowly. The PWM "@en . "1123438710"^^ . "La modulation de largeur d'impulsions (MLI ; en anglais : Pulse Width Modulation, soit PWM), est une technique couramment utilis\u00E9e pour synth\u00E9tiser des signaux pseudo analogiques \u00E0 l'aide de circuits num\u00E9riques (tout ou rien, 1 ou 0), ou plus g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement \u00E0 \u00E9tats discrets. Elle sert \u00E0 g\u00E9n\u00E9rer un signal pseudo analogique \u00E0 partir d'un environnement num\u00E9rique ou analogique pour permettre un traitement de ce signal par des composants en commutation (se comportant comme des interrupteurs ouverts ou ferm\u00E9s)."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . "Die Pulsdauermodulation \u2013 kurz PDM (englisch pulse duration modulation); auch Pulsl\u00E4ngenmodulation (PLM), Pulsbreitenmodulation (PBM), Pulsweitenmodulation (PWM; abgelehnt in IEC 60050, auch englisch) und Unterschwingungsverfahren genannt \u2013 ist eine Modulationsart, bei der eine technische Gr\u00F6\u00DFe (z. B. elektrische Spannung) zwischen zwei Werten wechselt. Dabei wird bei konstanter Frequenz der Tastgrad eines Rechteckpulses moduliert, also die Dauer der ihn bildenden Impulse."@de . "Pulzn\u011B \u0161\u00ED\u0159kov\u00E1 modulace"@cs . . . "\u0428\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E-\u0438\u043C\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0446\u0438\u044F"@ru . . . "La modulaci\u00F3n por ancho de pulsos (tambi\u00E9n conocida como PWM, siglas en ingl\u00E9s de pulse-width modulation) de una se\u00F1al o fuente de energ\u00EDa es una t\u00E9cnica en la que se modifica el ciclo de trabajo de una se\u00F1al peri\u00F3dica (una senoidal o una cuadrada, por ejemplo), ya sea para transmitir informaci\u00F3n a trav\u00E9s de un canal de comunicaciones o para controlar la cantidad de energ\u00EDa que se env\u00EDa a una carga. El ciclo de trabajo de una se\u00F1al peri\u00F3dica es el ancho relativo de su parte positiva en relaci\u00F3n con el per\u00EDodo. Expresado matem\u00E1ticamente: D es el ciclo de trabajo es el tiempo en que la funci\u00F3n es positiva (ancho del pulso)T es el per\u00EDodo de la funci\u00F3n La construcci\u00F3n t\u00EDpica de un circuito PWM se lleva a cabo mediante un comparador con dos entradas y una salida. Una de las entradas se conecta a un oscilador de onda dientes de sierra, mientras que la otra queda disponible para la se\u00F1al moduladora. En la salida la frecuencia es generalmente igual a la de la se\u00F1al dientes de sierra (portadora) y el ciclo de trabajo est\u00E1 en funci\u00F3n de la moduladora. La principal desventaja que presentan los circuitos PWM es la posibilidad de que haya interferencias generadas por radiofrecuencia. Estas pueden minimizarse ubicando el controlador cerca de la carga y realizando un filtrado de la fuente de alimentaci\u00F3n."@es . . "Modulasi lebar pulsa"@in . . "PWM (ang. Pulse-Width Modulation) \u2013 metoda regulacji sygna\u0142u pr\u0105dowego lub napi\u0119ciowego, o sta\u0142ej amplitudzie i cz\u0119stotliwo\u015Bci, polegaj\u0105ca na zmianie wype\u0142nienia sygna\u0142u, u\u017Cywana w zasilaczach impulsowych, wzmacniaczach impulsowych i uk\u0142adach steruj\u0105cych prac\u0105 silnik\u00F3w elektrycznych. Uk\u0142ad PWM zasila urz\u0105dzenie bezpo\u015Brednio lub przez filtr dolnoprzepustowy wyg\u0142adzaj\u0105cy zmiany nat\u0119\u017Cenia pr\u0105du elektrycznego i napi\u0119cia."@pl . . "Modula\u00E7\u00E3o por largura de pulso"@pt . . "Pulzn\u011B \u0161\u00ED\u0159kov\u00E1 modulace, neboli PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) je diskr\u00E9tn\u00ED modulace pro p\u0159enos analogov\u00E9ho sign\u00E1lu pomoc\u00ED dvouhodnotov\u00E9ho sign\u00E1lu. Jako dvouhodnotov\u00E1 veli\u010Dina m\u016F\u017Ee b\u00FDt pou\u017Eito nap\u0159\u00EDklad nap\u011Bt\u00ED, proud nebo sv\u011Bteln\u00FD tok. Sign\u00E1l je p\u0159en\u00E1\u0161en pomoc\u00ED st\u0159\u00EDdy. Pro demodulaci takov\u00E9ho sign\u00E1lu pak sta\u010D\u00ED dolnofrekven\u010Dn\u00ED propust. Vzhledem ke sv\u00FDm vlastnostem je pulsn\u011B \u0161\u00ED\u0159kov\u00E1 modulace \u010Dasto vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1na ve v\u00FDkonov\u00E9 elektronice pro \u0159\u00EDzen\u00ED velikosti nap\u011Bt\u00ED nebo proudu. Kombinace PWM modul\u00E1toru a dolnofrekven\u010Dn\u00ED propusti b\u00FDv\u00E1 rovn\u011B\u017E vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1na jako levn\u00E1 n\u00E1hrada D/A p\u0159evodn\u00EDku."@cs . "Modulaci\u00F3n por ancho de pulsos"@es . . . "\u8109\u51B2\u5BBD\u5EA6\u8C03\u5236\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1APulse-width modulation\uFF0C\u7F29\u5199\uFF1APWM\uFF09\uFF0C\u7B80\u79F0\u8109\u5BBD\u8C03\u5236\uFF0C\u662F\u5C07\u6A21\u62DF\u4FE1\u865F\u8F49\u63DB\u70BA\u8108\u6CE2\u7684\u4E00\u7A2E\u6280\u8853\uFF0C\u4E00\u822C\u8F49\u63DB\u5F8C\u8108\u6CE2\u7684\u9031\u671F\u56FA\u5B9A\uFF0C\u4F46\u8108\u6CE2\u7684\u5DE5\u4F5C\u9031\u671F\u6703\u4F9D\u6A21\u62DF\u4FE1\u865F\u7684\u5927\u5C0F\u800C\u6539\u8B8A\u3002 \u5728\u6A21\u62DF\u7535\u8DEF\u4E2D\uFF0C\u6A21\u62DF\u4FE1\u53F7\u7684\u503C\u53EF\u4EE5\u8FDE\u7EED\u8FDB\u884C\u53D8\u5316\uFF0C\u5728\u65F6\u95F4\u548C\u503C\u7684\u5E45\u5EA6\u4E0A\u90FD\u51E0\u4E4E\u6CA1\u6709\u9650\u5236\uFF0C\u57FA\u672C\u4E0A\u53EF\u4EE5\u53D6\u4EFB\u4F55\u5B9E\u6570\u503C\uFF0C\u8F93\u5165\u4E0E\u8F93\u51FA\u4E5F\u5448\u7EBF\u6027\u53D8\u5316\u3002\u6240\u4EE5\u5728\u6A21\u62DF\u7535\u8DEF\u4E2D\uFF0C\u7535\u538B\u548C\u7535\u6D41\u53EF\u76F4\u63A5\u7528\u6765\u8FDB\u884C\u63A7\u5236\u5BF9\u8C61\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u5BB6\u7528\u7535\u5668\u8BBE\u5907\u4E2D\u7684\u97F3\u91CF\u5F00\u5173\u63A7\u5236\u3001\u91C7\u7528\u5364\u7D20\u706F\u6CE1\u706F\u5177\u7684\u4EAE\u5EA6\u63A7\u5236\u7B49\u7B49\u3002 \u4F46\u6A21\u62DF\u7535\u8DEF\u6709\u8BF8\u591A\u7684\u95EE\u9898\uFF1A\u4F8B\u5982\u63A7\u5236\u4FE1\u53F7\u5BB9\u6613\u968F\u65F6\u95F4\u6F02\u79FB\uFF0C\u96BE\u4EE5\u8C03\u8282\uFF1B\u529F\u8017\u5927\uFF1B\u6613\u53D7\u566A\u58F0\u548C\u73AF\u5883\u5E72\u64FE\u7B49\u3002\u751F\u6210\u6A21\u62DF\u4FE1\u53F7\u5BF9\u4E8E\u6570\u5B57\u7535\u8DEF\u800C\u8A00\u5F80\u5F80\u9700\u8981\u989D\u5916\u7684\u6570\u5B57-\u6A21\u62DF\u8F6C\u6362\u5668\u3002 \u8207\u6A21\u62DF\u7535\u8DEF\u4E0D\u540C\uFF0C\u6570\u5B57\u7535\u8DEF\u662F\u5728\u9884\u5148\u786E\u5B9A\u7684\u8303\u56F4\u5185\u53D6\u503C\uFF0C\u5728\u4EFB\u4F55\u65F6\u523B\uFF0C\u5176\u8F93\u51FA\u53EA\u53EF\u80FD\u4E3AON\u548COFF\u4E24\u79CD\u72B6\u6001\uFF0C\u6240\u4EE5\u7535\u538B\u6216\u7535\u6D41\u4F1A\u901A/\u65AD\u65B9\u5F0F\u7684\u91CD\u590D\u8109\u51B2\u5E8F\u5217\u52A0\u8F7D\u5230\u6A21\u62DF\u8D1F\u8F7D\u3002PWM\u6280\u672F\u662F\u4E00\u79CD\u5BF9\u6A21\u62DF\u4FE1\u53F7\u7535\u5E73\u7684\u6570\u5B57\u7F16\u7801\u65B9\u6CD5\uFF0C\u901A\u8FC7\u4F7F\u7528\u9AD8\u5206\u8FA8\u7387\u8BA1\u6570\u5668\uFF08\u8C03\u5236\u9891\u7387\uFF09\u8C03\u5236\u65B9\u6CE2\u7684\u5360\u7A7A\u6BD4\uFF0C\u4ECE\u800C\u5B9E\u73B0\u5BF9\u4E00\u4E2A\u6A21\u62DF\u4FE1\u53F7\u7684\u7535\u5E73\u8FDB\u884C\u7F16\u7801\u3002\u5176\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4F18\u70B9\u662F\u4ECE\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5230\u88AB\u63A7\u5BF9\u8C61\u4E4B\u95F4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4FE1\u53F7\u90FD\u662F\u6570\u5B57\u5F62\u5F0F\u7684\uFF0C\u65E0\u9700\u518D\u8FDB\u884C\u6570\u6A21\u8F6C\u6362\u8FC7\u7A0B\uFF1B\u800C\u4E14\u5BF9\u566A\u58F0\u7684\u6297\u5E72\u6270\u80FD\u529B\u4E5F\u5927\u5927\u589E\u5F3A\uFF08\u566A\u58F0\u53EA\u6709\u5728\u5F3A\u5230\u8DB3\u4EE5\u5C06\u903B\u8F91\u503C\u6539\u53D8\u65F6\uFF0C\u624D\u53EF\u80FD\u5BF9\u6570\u5B57\u4FE1\u53F7\u4EA7\u751F\u5B9E\u8D28\u7684\u5F71\u54CD\uFF09\uFF0C\u8FD9\u4E5F\u662FPWM\u5728\u901A\u8BAF\u7B49\u4FE1\u53F7\u4F20\u8F93\u884C\u4E1A\u5F97\u5230\u5927\u91CF\u5E94\u7528\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u539F\u56E0\u3002 \u5728\u4FE1\u53F7\u63A5\u6536\u7AEF\uFF0C\u9700\u5C06\u4FE1\u53F7\u89E3\u8C03\u8FD8\u539F\u4E3A\u6A21\u62DF\u4FE1\u53F7\u3002"@zh . . . "\u30D1\u30EB\u30B9\u5E45\u5909\u8ABF\uFF08\u30D1\u30EB\u30B9\u306F\u3070\u3078\u3093\u3061\u3087\u3046\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E: pulse width modulation\u3001PWM\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u5909\u8ABF\u65B9\u6CD5\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u30D1\u30EB\u30B9\u6CE2\u306E\u30C7\u30E5\u30FC\u30C6\u30A3\u6BD4\u3092\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305B\u3066\u5909\u8ABF\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3002 \n* \u6A5F\u68B0\u5DE5\u5B66\u306A\u3069\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u306F\u3001\u30B9\u30A4\u30C3\u30C1\u30AA\u30F3\uFF0F\u30AA\u30D5\u306E\u6BD4\u7387\u3092\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305B\u308B\u624B\u6CD5\u3002 \n* \u30B7\u30F3\u30BB\u30B5\u30A4\u30B6\u30FC\u3067\u3001\u30D1\u30EB\u30B9\u6CE2\u306E\u30C7\u30E5\u30FC\u30C6\u30A3\u6BD4\u3092\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3002"@ja . "A modula\u00E7\u00E3o por largura de pulso (MLP) - mais conhecida pela sigla em ingl\u00EAs PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) - de um sinal ou em fontes de alimenta\u00E7\u00E3o envolve a modula\u00E7\u00E3o de sua raz\u00E3o c\u00EDclica (duty cycle) para transportar qualquer informa\u00E7\u00E3o sobre um canal de comunica\u00E7\u00E3o ou controlar o valor da alimenta\u00E7\u00E3o entregue \u00E0 carga."@pt . . . .