. . . . . . . "-35"^^ . . . "Macedonisch Egypte en het Ptoleme\u00EFsche Rijk"@nl . "Ptolemaiovsk\u00FD Egypt je obecn\u011B u\u017E\u00EDvan\u00FD term\u00EDn pro obdob\u00ED starov\u011Bk\u00E9ho Egypta spravovan\u00FD hel\u00E9nskou dynasti\u00ED Ptolemaiovc\u016F, tento st\u00E1t je b\u011B\u017En\u011B ozna\u010Dov\u00E1n jako Ptolemaiovsk\u00E1 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e, p\u0159esn\u011Bji v\u0161ak Ptolemaiovsk\u00E9 kr\u00E1lovstv\u00ED (staro\u0159ecky \u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1, Ptolema\u00EFk\u1E15 basile\u00EDa), bylo hel\u00E9nistickou monarchi\u00ED s centrem v Egypt\u011B vzniklou roku 305 p\u0159. n. l., kdy se j\u00ED coby kr\u00E1l a faron nov\u011B ujal Ptolemaios I. S\u00F3t\u00E9r, p\u016Fvodn\u011B makedonsk\u00FD gener\u00E1l Alexandra Velik\u00E9ho. Ptolemaiovsk\u00E1 dynastie vydr\u017Eela u moci v Egypt\u011B a\u017E do roku 30 p\u0159. n. l., kdy byl dobyt Gaiem Octavianem a p\u0159em\u011Bn\u011Bn v \u0159\u00EDmskou provincii, v latin\u011B naz\u00FDvanou jako Aegyptus."@cs . . . . "Ptolemaic Egypt circa 235 BC. The green areas were lost to the Seleucid Empire thirty five years later."@en . "Ptolomeotar Erresuma"@eu . . . . . . . "Ptolemaic Kingdom"@en . . . "O Reino Ptolemaico (grego antigo: \u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1, Ptolema\u00EFk\u1E15 basile\u00EDa) era um reino helen\u00EDstico baseado no Egito. Foi governado pela Dinastia Ptolemaica, que come\u00E7ou com a ascens\u00E3o de Ptolemeu I S\u00F3ter ap\u00F3s a morte de Alexandre, o Grande em 323 a.C., e que terminou com a morte de Cle\u00F3patra e a conquista romana em 30 a.C. O Reino Ptolemaico foi fundado em 305 a.C. por Ptolemeu I S\u00F3ter, que se declarou Fara\u00F3 do Egito e criou uma poderosa dinastia grega helen\u00EDstica que governou uma \u00E1rea que ia desde o sul da S\u00EDria at\u00E9 a Cirene e sul do Egito, na regi\u00E3o da N\u00FAbia. Foi um per\u00EDodo de forte influ\u00EAncia grega naquela regi\u00E3o. Alguns estudiosos argumentam que o reino foi fundado em 304 a.C. por causa do uso de diferentes calend\u00E1rios naquela \u00E9poca: Ptolemeu coroou-se em 304 a.C. no calend\u00E1rio eg\u00EDpcio antigo, mas em 305 a.C. no antigo calend\u00E1rio maced\u00F4nio; para resolver a quest\u00E3o, o ano 305/4 foi contado como o primeiro ano do Reino Ptolemaico nos papiros dem\u00F3ticos. Alexandria tornou-se a capital e um importante centro da cultura e com\u00E9rcio gregos. Para ganhar reconhecimento pela popula\u00E7\u00E3o nativa do Egito, os reis ptolemaicos intitularam-se os sucessores dos fara\u00F3s. Os posteriores Ptolemeus assumiram tradi\u00E7\u00F5es eg\u00EDpcias ao se casarem com os seus irm\u00E3os, foram retratados em monumentos p\u00FAblicos em estilo e vestu\u00E1rio eg\u00EDpcios e participaram da vida religiosa eg\u00EDpcia. Os Ptolemeus estavam envolvidos em guerras civis e estrangeiras que levaram ao decl\u00EDnio do reino e sua anexa\u00E7\u00E3o final por Roma. A cultura grega continuou a prosperar no Egito durante os per\u00EDodos Romano e Bizantino at\u00E9 \u00E0 conquista mu\u00E7ulmana."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u6258\u52D2\u5BC6\u738B\u570B\uFF08\u5E0C\u81D8\u8A9E\uFF1A\u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1\uFF09\u6216\u7A31\u6258\u52D2\u5BC6\u57C3\u53CA\uFF0C\u662F\u4E9E\u6B77\u5C71\u5927\u5927\u5E1D\u901D\u4E16\u4E4B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u7D71\u6CBB\u57C3\u53CA\u548C\u5468\u570D\u5730\u5340\u7684\u4E00\u500B\u5E0C\u81D8\u5316\u738B\u570B\u3002\u738B\u570B\u5EFA\u7ACB\u8005\u70BA\u4E9E\u6B77\u5C71\u5927\u5E1D\u570B\u7684\u5C07\u9818\u6258\u52D2\u5BC6\u4E00\u4E16\uFF0C\u7E7C\u696D\u8005\u6230\u722D\u4E4B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5728\u516C\u5143\u524D305\u5E74\u81EA\u7ACB\u70BA\u570B\u738B\u4E26\u5BA3\u7A31\u81EA\u5DF1\u662F\u57C3\u53CA\u6CD5\u8001\u3002\u6258\u52D2\u5BC6\u738B\u671D\u7D71\u6CBB\u57C3\u53CA\u76F4\u5230\u516C\u5143\u524D30\u5E74\u57C3\u53CA\u5973\u738B\u514B\u9E97\u5967\u4F69\u812B\u62C9\u4E03\u4E16\u5175\u8D25\u81EA\u6740\u70BA\u6B62\uFF0C\u6B77\u7D93274\u5E74\u3002\u738B\u570B\u7586\u57DF\u6700\u9F0E\u76DB\u6642\u5305\u542B\u57C3\u53CA\u3001\u6614\u862D\u5C3C\u3001\u5B89\u90A3\u6258\u5229\u4E9E\u5357\u90E8\u3001\u6558\u5229\u4E9E\u5357\u90E8\u548C\u4E00\u4E9B\u611B\u7434\u6D77\u5CF6\u5DBC\uFF0C\u9818\u571F\u6700\u5357\u6642\u53EF\u9054\u52AA\u6BD4\u4E9E\u3002\u4E9E\u6B77\u5C71\u5353\u662F\u6258\u52D2\u5BC6\u738B\u570B\u7684\u9996\u90FD\uFF0C\u4E5F\u662F\u7576\u6642\u662F\u5E0C\u81D8\u5316\u4E16\u754C\u7684\u91CD\u8981\u6587\u660E\u4E2D\u5FC3\u4EE5\u53CA\u8CBF\u6613\u6A1E\u7D10\u3002 \u57C3\u53CA\u6258\u52D2\u5BC6\u738B\u671D\u4E00\u88D4\u4E2D\u5144\u59B9\u6216\u59CA\u5F1F\u8FD1\u89AA\u901A\u5A5A\u5F88\u591A\u3002\u7537\u6027\u5F8C\u88D4\u5E38\u7A31\u6258\u52D2\u5BC6\uFF0C\u5973\u6027\u7684\u540D\u7A31\u5E38\u6709\u514B\u5229\u5965\u5E15\u7279\u62C9\u3001\u8D1D\u52D2\u5C3C\u57FA\u548C\u963F\u5C14\u897F\u8BFA\u4F0A\u3002\u5176\u4E2D\u6700\u5F8C\u7684\u5973\u738B\u514B\u5229\u5965\u5E15\u7279\u62C9\u4E03\u4E16\u662F\u6700\u7232\u5F8C\u4E16\u6240\u77E5\u7684\u3002\u6258\u52D2\u5BC6\u738B\u570B\u56E0\u5167\u90E8\u738B\u5BA4\u7D1B\u722D\u3001\u5883\u5167\u57C3\u53CA\u4EBA\u53DB\u4E82\u3001\u4EE5\u53CA\u5916\u570B\u5165\u4FB5\u7B49\u7B49\u7A2E\u7A2E\u539F\u56E0\u9010\u6F38\u8870\u5F31\uFF0C\u6700\u7D42\u88AB\u7F85\u99AC\u5171\u548C\u570B\u5360\u9818\u3002\u4F46\u6240\u7559\u4E0B\u7684\u5E0C\u81D8\u5316\u6587\u660E\u4E00\u76F4\u5EF6\u7E8C\u5230\u57C3\u53CA\u88AB\u7A46\u65AF\u6797\u5F81\u670D\u70BA\u6B62\u3002"@zh . . . . "\u0392\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03BB\u03B5\u03B9\u03BF \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD"@el . . "220"^^ . . . . . . . "Ptolemy I Soter"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "30"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "La epoko de Ptolemea Egiptio komenci\u011Dis kiam Ptolemeo la 1-a invadis Egiption kaj deklaris sin Faraono de Egiptio en 305 a.K. kaj fini\u011Dis kun la morto de re\u011Dino Kleopatra la 7-a de Egiptio kaj la romia konkeri\u011Do de Egiptio fare de la Romia Imperio en 30 a.K.. La ptolemea re\u011Dlando estis potenca \u015Dtato de la helena civilizo, etendi\u011Dante el suda Sirio oriente \u011Dis la historia loko Kireno en la regiono Cyrenaica de Libio okcidente, kaj sude \u011Dis la landlimo kun Nubio. Aleksandrio i\u011Dis la \u0109efurbo kaj centro de greka kulturo kaj komerco. Por gajni pli da agnosko de la denaska egipta lo\u011Dantaro, la regantoj de la ptolemea dinastio nomis sin la posteuloj al la faraonoj. La postaj anoj de la dinastio alprenis egiptajn tradiciojn, estis portretitaj en publikaj monumentoj en egipta stilo kaj vesta\u0135oj, ka"@eo . . . "L'Egitto tolemaico o Regno tolemaico d'Egitto (in greco antico: \u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1, Ptolemaik\u1E15 Basil\u00E8i\u0101) \u00E8 stato un regno del periodo ellenistico fondato sulla terra dell'antico Egitto, governato dalla dinastia tolemaica iniziata con Tolomeo I - dopo la morte di Alessandro Magno nel 323 a.C. - e conclusasi con Cleopatra VII con la conquista romana nel 30 a.C. e la successiva creazione della Provincia d'Egitto. Uno dei suoi maggiori simboli \u00E8 stata l'aquila di Zeus (\u1F00\u03B5\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2 \u0394\u03B9\u03CC\u03C2, aet\u00F3s Di\u00F3s), impressa anche nelle monete, invece la forma religiosa ufficiale fu il culto di Serapide."@it . . "\u6258\u52D2\u5BC6\u738B\u570B"@zh . . . . . . . . "\u0415\u043B\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0404\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0435\u0442, \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0404\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0435\u0442 \u041F\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0457\u0432 \u2014 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0434 \u0432 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0404\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0442\u0443, \u0449\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043E\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0404\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0442\u0443 \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0440\u043E\u043C \u041C\u0430\u043A\u0435\u0434\u043E\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C 332 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435. \u0456 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0434\u043E 30 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435. \u2014 \u0440\u0438\u043C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043E\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0404\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0442\u0443, \u043F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u0447\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u043C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0456\u043D\u0446\u0456\u044E."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uD504\uD1A8\uB808\uB9C8\uC774\uC624\uC2A4 \uC655\uAD6D(\uCF54\uC774\uB124 \uADF8\uB9AC\uC2A4\uC5B4: \u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \uD504\uD1A8\uB808\uB9C8\uC774\uCF00 \uBC14\uC2E4\uB808\uC774\uC544[*])\uC740 \uC774\uC9D1\uD2B8\uB97C \uAE30\uBC18\uC73C\uB85C \uD55C \uD5EC\uB808\uB2C8\uC998 \uC655\uAD6D\uC774\uB2E4. \uD504\uD1A8\uB808\uB9C8\uC774\uC624\uC2A4 \uC655\uC870\uAC00 \uB2E4\uC2A4\uB838\uC73C\uBA70, \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 323\uB144 \uC54C\uB809\uC0B0\uB4DC\uB85C\uC2A4 \uB300\uC655\uC774 \uC0AC\uB9DD\uD55C \uD6C4\uC5D0 \uD504\uD1A8\uB808\uB9C8\uC774\uC624\uC2A4 1\uC138 \uC18C\uD14C\uB974\uC758 \uC0C1\uC18D\uACFC \uD568\uAED8 \uAC74\uAD6D\uB418\uC5C8\uACE0 \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 30\uB144\uC5D0 \uD074\uB808\uC624\uD30C\uD2B8\uB77C\uC758 \uC8FD\uC74C\uACFC \uB85C\uB9C8\uC758 \uC815\uBCF5\uC73C\uB85C \uBA78\uB9DD\uD588\uB2E4. \uD504\uD1A8\uB808\uB9C8\uC774\uC624\uC2A4 \uC655\uAD6D\uC740 \uC2A4\uC2A4\uB85C \uD30C\uB77C\uC624\uB77C \uCE6D\uD558\uACE0 \uB0A8\uBD80 \uC2DC\uB9AC\uC544\uC5D0\uC11C \uD0A4\uB808\uB124\uC640 \uB0A8\uCABD\uC758 \uB204\uBE44\uC544\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uBED7\uC5B4\uC788\uB294 \uC9C0\uC5ED\uB4E4\uC744 \uC9C0\uBC30\uD55C \uAC15\uB825\uD55C \uC655\uC870\uB97C \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4\uB0B8 \uD504\uD1A8\uB808\uB9C8\uC774\uC624\uC2A4 1\uC138 \uC18C\uD14C\uB974\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC138\uC6CC\uC84C\uB2E4. \uD559\uC790\uB4E4\uC740 \uB2E4\uB978 \uB2EC\uB825\uC758 \uC0AC\uC6A9 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 304\uB144\uC5D0 \uAC74\uAD6D\uB410\uB2E4\uACE0\uB3C4 \uB17C\uC7C1\uD558\uB294\uB370, \uD504\uD1A8\uB808\uB9C8\uC774\uC624\uC2A4\uB294 \uACE0\uB300 \uC774\uC9D1\uD2B8 \uB2EC\uB825\uC73C\uB85C \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 304\uB144 \uC655\uC704\uC5D0 \uC62C\uB790\uC9C0\uB9CC \uACE0\uB300 \uB9C8\uCF00\uB3C4\uB2C8\uC544 \uB2EC\uB825\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 305\uB144\uC774\uBA70, \uC774 \uBB38\uC81C\uB97C \uD655\uC2E4\uD788 \uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 305/4\uB144\uC758 \uBBFC\uC911 \uD30C\uD53C\uB8E8\uC2A4\uB97C \uD504\uD1A8\uB808\uB9C8\uC774\uC624\uC2A4 \uAC1C\uAD6D 1\uB144\uC73C\uB85C \uC13C\uB2E4. \uC54C\uB809\uC0B0\uB4DC\uB9AC\uC544\uB294 \uC218\uB3C4\uC774\uC790 \uADF8\uB9AC\uC2A4 \uBB38\uD654\uC640 \uAD50\uC5ED \uC8FC\uC694\uD55C \uC911\uC2EC\uC774 \uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD1A0\uCC29 \uC774\uC9D1\uD2B8 \uBBFC\uC911\uB4E4\uB85C\uBD80\uD130 \uC778\uC815\uC744 \uBC1B\uAE30 \uC704\uD574, \uD504\uD1A8\uB808\uB9C8\uC774\uC624\uC2A4\uC758 \uC655\uB4E4\uC740 \uADF8\uB4E4 \uC2A4\uC2A4\uB85C\uB97C \uD30C\uB77C\uC624\uC758 \uD6C4\uACC4\uC790\uB77C \uCE6D\uD588\uB2E4. \uC774\uD6C4 \uD504\uD1A8\uB808\uB9C8\uC774\uC624\uC2A4 \uC655\uAC00\uB294 \uCE5C \uD615\uC81C, \uC790\uB9E4\uB4E4\uACFC \uD63C\uC778\uD558\uB294 \uACE0\uB300 \uC774\uC9D1\uD2B8\uC758 \uC804\uD1B5\uC744 \uBC1B\uC544\uB4E4\uC600\uACE0, \uC774\uC9D1\uD2B8 \uC591\uC2DD\uACFC \uBCF5\uC7A5\uC744 \uD55C \uCCB4\uB85C \uACF5\uACF5 \uAE30\uB150\uBB3C\uC5D0 \uC790\uC2E0\uB4E4\uC744 \uBB18\uC0AC\uD588\uC73C\uBA70, \uACE0\uB300 \uC774\uC9D1\uD2B8 \uC2E0\uC559 \uC0DD\uD65C\uC5D0\uB3C4 \uCC38\uC5EC\uD588\uB2E4. \uD504\uD1A8\uB808\uB9C8\uC774\uC624\uC2A4 \uC655\uAD6D\uC740 \uC678\uAD6D\uACFC \uB0B4\uC804\uC5D0 \uC5F0\uB8E8\uB418\uC5B4 \uC1E0\uD1F4\uD558\uC600\uACE0 \uACB0\uAD6D\uC5D4 \uB85C\uB9C8\uC5D0 \uD569\uBCD1\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD5EC\uB808\uB2C8\uC998 \uBB38\uD654\uB294 \uB420 \uB54C\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uB85C\uB9C8\uC640 \uBE44\uC794\uD2F0\uC6C0 \uC2DC\uAE30 \uB0B4\uB0B4 \uBC88\uC601\uC744 \uACC4\uC18D\uD588\uB2E4."@ko . . "Head Attributed to Arsinoe II MET DT10849.jpg"@en . . . . "El per\u00EDode hel\u00B7len\u00EDstic d'Egipte o Egipte Ptolemaic correspon al per\u00EDode de l'antiguitat en la regi\u00F3 de l'actual Egipte entre la conquesta maced\u00F2nica per Alexandre el Gran i la caiguda en mans de l'Imperi Rom\u00E0, \u00E9s a dir, al per\u00EDode de domini per part de la dinastia ptolemaica o dels ptolomeus. Alguns historiadors denominen per\u00EDode grecorom\u00E0 d'Egipte a l'\u00E8poca que transcorre des de l'entrada d'Alexandre el Gran al pa\u00EDs fins a les \u00FAltimes fases de la dominaci\u00F3 romana d'Egipte, que conclou despr\u00E9s de la mort de Teodosi I el Gran."@ca . . . . . . "175"^^ . . . . . . "Ptolemaic Kingdom"@en . . . . . . . "Ptolemaiovsk\u00FD Egypt je obecn\u011B u\u017E\u00EDvan\u00FD term\u00EDn pro obdob\u00ED starov\u011Bk\u00E9ho Egypta spravovan\u00FD hel\u00E9nskou dynasti\u00ED Ptolemaiovc\u016F, tento st\u00E1t je b\u011B\u017En\u011B ozna\u010Dov\u00E1n jako Ptolemaiovsk\u00E1 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e, p\u0159esn\u011Bji v\u0161ak Ptolemaiovsk\u00E9 kr\u00E1lovstv\u00ED (staro\u0159ecky \u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1, Ptolema\u00EFk\u1E15 basile\u00EDa), bylo hel\u00E9nistickou monarchi\u00ED s centrem v Egypt\u011B vzniklou roku 305 p\u0159. n. l., kdy se j\u00ED coby kr\u00E1l a faron nov\u011B ujal Ptolemaios I. S\u00F3t\u00E9r, p\u016Fvodn\u011B makedonsk\u00FD gener\u00E1l Alexandra Velik\u00E9ho. Ptolemaiovsk\u00E1 dynastie vydr\u017Eela u moci v Egypt\u011B a\u017E do roku 30 p\u0159. n. l., kdy byl dobyt Gaiem Octavianem a p\u0159em\u011Bn\u011Bn v \u0159\u00EDmskou provincii, v latin\u011B naz\u00FDvanou jako Aegyptus. Dobyt\u00ED Egypta Alexandrem Velik\u00FDm u\u010Dinilo z t\u00E9to zem\u011B na dal\u0161\u00EDch v\u00EDce ne\u017E 900 let sou\u010D\u00E1st antick\u00E9ho sv\u011Bta. Alexandr\u016Fv gener\u00E1l Ptolemaios ovl\u00E1dl Egypt po jeho smrti a zde zalo\u017Eil dynastii, se kterou nav\u00E1zal na tradice faraon\u016F. S c\u00EDlem upevnit a sjednotit nejednotn\u00E9 kr\u00E1lovstv\u00ED vyvinuli Ptolemaiovci pokusy o stmelen\u00ED \u0159eck\u00E9-hel\u00E9nsk\u00E9 kultury s egyptskou a pokra\u010Dovali v n\u00E1roc\u00EDch po d\u011Bdictv\u00ED \u0159\u00ED\u0161e Alexandra Velik\u00E9ho. Ptolemaiovci zbo\u017E\u0161tili Alexandra Velik\u00E9ho a v\u0161emo\u017En\u00FDmi zp\u016Fsoby zasahovali do d\u011Bn\u00ED v okoln\u00EDch zem\u00ED jeho n\u011Bkdej\u0161\u00ED \u0159\u00ED\u0161e, v\u010Detn\u011B dom\u00E1c\u00EDho \u0158ecka, ani\u017E by dos\u00E1hli vytou\u017Een\u00E9ho c\u00EDle. Jejich \u0159\u00ED\u0161e nicm\u00E9n\u011B ovl\u00E1dala p\u0159ilehlou Kyrenaiku a sahala a\u017E na Kypr a\u017E po \u010D\u00E1st Mal\u00E9 Asie, Judsko a , Po 300 letech vl\u00E1dy t\u00E9to dynastie s p\u016Fvodem v Makedonii byl Egypt roku 30 p\u0159. n. l. dobyt a p\u0159ipojen k \u0158\u00EDmsk\u00E9 \u0159\u00ED\u0161i jako jeho dal\u0161\u00ED provincie. Nejprve byl ovl\u00E1d\u00E1n \u0158\u00EDmem a vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1n jako obilnice \u0159\u00ED\u0161e, pozd\u011Bji po rozd\u011Blen\u00ED \u0158\u00EDmsk\u00E9 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e p\u0159ipadl pod v\u00FDchodn\u00ED \u010D\u00E1st a byl spravov\u00E1n Konstantinopol\u00ED, a to a\u017E do dobyt\u00ED zem\u011B Per\u0161any a muslimsk\u00FDmi Araby v roce 616, respektive 639."@cs . . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629"@ar . 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"Ptolemaic Kingdom III-II century BC - en.svg"@en . . "51"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "150"^^ . . . . . . . "100"^^ . . 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"Ptolomeotar Erresuma (antzinako grezieraz: \u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1) edo Ptolomeotar Egipto k. a. 322an Alexandro Handiak Egipto konkistatu zuenetik K.a. 30ean Kleopatra VII.a hil eta Egipto erromatar probintzia bihurtu bitartean Egipton eta ingurumarietan agindu zuen erregimena izan zen. Ptolomeo I.ak bere burua Faraoi aldarrikatu zuenean sortu zen, eta hegoaldeko Siriatik Zirenaika eta Nubiaraino zabaldu zen. Alexandria hiriburu eta greziar kultura eta merkataritzaren gune nagusi bilakatu zen. Populazioaren onarpena lortzeko, greziar agintariek egiptiar ohiturak hartu zituzten eta bere kulturak musulmanen konkistaraino iraun zuen. Bertoko matxinadez gain, kanpoko gerrek eta gerra zibilek ere Erresumaren gainbehera eragin zuten, Erromatar Inperioak anexionatu arte. Greziarren eta erromatarren nagusitzak ere (K.a. 332-K.o. 395) ez zuen funtsean egiptoar artea aldarazi, zeinak kalitate handiko obrak ekoizten jarraitu baitzuen, harik eta, kristau aroa etorrita, erabat galdu zen arte."@eu . . . . "Ptolemea Regno"@eo . . . . . . "alt text 2"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "no"@en . . . . . . . . ""@en . . "Ptolemaic Kingdom"@en . "no"@en . . . "4.9"^^ . . "7606081"^^ . . "Le royaume lagide ou ptol\u00E9ma\u00EFque (en grec ancien \u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 / Ptolema\u00EFk\u1E15 basile\u00EDa) est un royaume hell\u00E9nistique situ\u00E9 en \u00C9gypte et dirig\u00E9 par la dynastie lagide issue du g\u00E9n\u00E9ral mac\u00E9donien Ptol\u00E9m\u00E9e, fils de Lagos (d'o\u00F9 l'appellation \u00AB lagide \u00BB), de 323 \u00E0 30 av. J.-C. Consid\u00E9r\u00E9 comme le plus puissant et le plus riche des royaumes hell\u00E9nistiques, il \u00E9tablit une v\u00E9ritable thalassocratie en M\u00E9diterran\u00E9e orientale pour atteindre son apog\u00E9e sous le r\u00E8gne de Ptol\u00E9m\u00E9e III. Son principal adversaire est le royaume s\u00E9leucide contre lequel il lutte durant les guerres de Syrie. Les Lagides interviennent r\u00E9guli\u00E8rement dans les affaires de la Gr\u00E8ce afin de faire face aux ambitions des Antigonides. \u00C0 partir du IIe si\u00E8cle, le royaume est confront\u00E9 \u00E0 des mouvements de s\u00E9dition qui entament l'autorit\u00E9 royale. La d\u00E9faite de Cl\u00E9op\u00E2tre VII et de Marc Antoine face \u00E0 Octave \u00E0 la bataille d'Actium en 31 av. J.-C. marque la fin de la dynastie ptol\u00E9ma\u00EFque et de l'\u00C9gypte pharaonique, mais aussi pour les historiens modernes de l'\u00E9poque hell\u00E9nistique. Le fonctionnement interne du royaume, ainsi que ses institutions politiques et \u00E9conomiques, sont les mieux connus de l'\u00E9poque hell\u00E9nistique gr\u00E2ce aux nombreuses trouvailles papyrologiques et arch\u00E9ologiques."@fr . . . "Royaume lagide"@fr . "Ptolema\u00EFk\u1E15 basile\u00EDa"@en . . . . . 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"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 ( \u200E/\u200F\u02CCt\u0252l\u0259\u02C8me\u026A.\u026Ak\u200E/\u200F) (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629: \u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1)\u200F \u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0629 \u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0631. \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064A\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u062A\u0631\u060C \u0631\u0641\u064A\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062F\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060C \u0639\u0627\u0645 305 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0645\u0631\u062A \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062A\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 30 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062F. \u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062D\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062E\u0631\u0647\u0627."@ar . . . . . "alt text 1"@en . . "Late Period of ancient Egypt"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ptolemaic Kingdom"@en . . . . . . . "Egitto tolemaico"@it . . . . . . "\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629"@ar . "Kerajaan Ptolemaik (bahasa Yunani: \u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1) adalah kerajaan Helenistik yang meliputi wilayah Mesir dan sekitarnya setelah penaklukan oleh Aleksander Agung pada tahun 332 SM. Kerajaan Ptolemaik berdiri ketika Ptolemaios I Soter menyatakan dirinya sebagai Firaun Mesir pada tahun 305 SM dan berakhir pada saat kematian Kleopatra VII dan penaklukan oleh Romawi pada tahun 30 SM. Kerajaan ini membentang dari Suriah selatan di sebelah timur, sampai Kirene di sebelah barat, dan sampai Nubia di sebelah selatan. Kerajaan Ptolemaik banyak berperan dalam menyebarkan peradaban Helenistik di Mesir. Alexandria (Iskandariyah) adalah ibu kota Kerajaan Ptolemaik dan merupakan pusat peradaban dan perdagangan Yunani di Mesir. Untuk memperoleh pengakuan dari penduduk asli Mesir, orang-orang Yunani yang memimpin kerajaan ini menyatakan diri sebagai penerus para Firaun. Banyak dari raja Ptolemaik pada masa selanjutnya yang menyerap tradisi Mesir, di antaranya menikahi saudara kandung mereka sendiri, membuat penggambaran diri mereka pada monumen Mesir dengan pakaian dan gaya Mesir, dan bepartisipasi dalam kehidupan keagamaan Mesir. Kerajaan Ptolemaik ini akhirnya runtuh setelah banyaknya pemberontakan dari penduduk asli, perang dengan bangsa lain, serta perang saudara, yang menyebabkan kerajaan ini diambil alih oleh Kekaisaran Romawi. Sementara kebudayaan Helenistik sendiri terus berkembang di Mesir sampai penaklukan oleh Muslim. Periode Kerajaan Ptolemaik di Mesir adalah periode dari Zaman Helenistik yang terdokumentasikan paling baik. Banyak naskah papirus yang ditulis oleh orang Yunani dan Mesir ditemukan di sana."@in . . "305"^^ . . . "Ptolemaic Kingdom"@en . . "Two depictions of Arsinoe II. The left is in the more traditional Egyptian style, and the right is in a more Hellenistic style."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The Ptolemaic Kingdom (/\u02CCt\u0252l\u026A\u02C8me\u026A.\u026Ak/; Koin\u0113 Greek: \u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1, romanized: Ptolema\u00EFk\u1E15 basile\u00EDa) was an Ancient Greek state based in Egypt during the Hellenistic Period. It was founded in 305 BC by Ptolemy I Soter, a companion of Alexander the Great, and lasted until the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BC. Ruling for nearly three centuries, the Ptolemies were the longest and most recent Egyptian dynasty of ancient origin."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"Per\u00EDode hel\u00B7len\u00EDstic d'Egipte"@ca . "Cleopatra VII, Marble, 40-30 BC, Vatican Museums 001.jpg"@en . "Local beliefs"@en . "Cult of Alexander the Great within Greco-Egyptian syncretism"@en . . . . . "Per\u00EDodo helen\u00EDstico de Egipto"@es . "\u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1"@en . "Kerajaan Ptolemaik (bahasa Yunani: \u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1) adalah kerajaan Helenistik yang meliputi wilayah Mesir dan sekitarnya setelah penaklukan oleh Aleksander Agung pada tahun 332 SM. Kerajaan Ptolemaik berdiri ketika Ptolemaios I Soter menyatakan dirinya sebagai Firaun Mesir pada tahun 305 SM dan berakhir pada saat kematian Kleopatra VII dan penaklukan oleh Romawi pada tahun 30 SM. Kerajaan ini membentang dari Suriah selatan di sebelah timur, sampai Kirene di sebelah barat, dan sampai Nubia di sebelah selatan. Kerajaan Ptolemaik banyak berperan dalam menyebarkan peradaban Helenistik di Mesir. Alexandria (Iskandariyah) adalah ibu kota Kerajaan Ptolemaik dan merupakan pusat peradaban dan perdagangan Yunani di Mesir. Untuk memperoleh pengakuan dari penduduk asli Mesir, orang-orang Yunani y"@in . . . . . . . . "El per\u00EDode hel\u00B7len\u00EDstic d'Egipte o Egipte Ptolemaic correspon al per\u00EDode de l'antiguitat en la regi\u00F3 de l'actual Egipte entre la conquesta maced\u00F2nica per Alexandre el Gran i la caiguda en mans de l'Imperi Rom\u00E0, \u00E9s a dir, al per\u00EDode de domini per part de la dinastia ptolemaica o dels ptolomeus. El terme Per\u00EDode hel\u00B7len\u00EDstic o Alexandr\u00ED \u00E9s un terme encunyat a mitjan segle xix per l'historiador alemany per designar el per\u00EDode hist\u00F2ric compr\u00E8s entre la mort d'Alexandre el Gran (323 aC) i la de Cle\u00F2patra VII i Marc Antoni despr\u00E9s de la seva derrota a la Batalla d'\u00C0ccium (30 aC). L'\u00E0mbit geogr\u00E0fic en qu\u00E8 es va desenvolupar el per\u00EDode hel\u00B7len\u00EDstic compr\u00E8n el vast territori conquerit per Alexandre el Gran, que a la seva mort es va fragmentar en diverses entitats pol\u00EDtiques regides despr\u00E9s per dinasties d'origen grec o maced\u00F2nic. A l'Egipte fara\u00F2nic, en aquesta etapa hist\u00F2rica, que succeeix a l'anomenat Per\u00EDode Tard\u00E0, van regnar dues dinasties d'origen hel\u00B7l\u00E8nic: la Maced\u00F2nica (332 aC a 309 aC) i la Ptolemaica (305 aC a 30 aC). Alguns historiadors denominen per\u00EDode grecorom\u00E0 d'Egipte a l'\u00E8poca que transcorre des de l'entrada d'Alexandre el Gran al pa\u00EDs fins a les \u00FAltimes fases de la dominaci\u00F3 romana d'Egipte, que conclou despr\u00E9s de la mort de Teodosi I el Gran."@ca . . . "De periode van Macedonisch Egypte en het Ptoleme\u00EFsche Rijk ook wel Grieks Egypte of Hellenistisch Egypte is in de geschiedenis van Egypte de periode van 332-30 v.Chr. en komt na de geschiedenis van het Oude Egypte. Het Ptoleme\u00EFsche Rijk had als kerngebied Egypte, maar omvatte soms ook diverse aangrenzende gebieden."@nl . . . . . . . . . . "Ptolema\u00EFk\u1E15 basile\u00EDa"@en . . "Marble Head of a Ptolemaic Queen"@en . . . "Egipt ptolemejski (stgr. \u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 Ptolemaike Basileia, Kr\u00F3lestwo Ptolemeusz\u00F3w) \u2013 okres hellenistyczny w historii staro\u017Cytnego Egiptu, kt\u00F3ry rozpocz\u0105\u0142 si\u0119 wraz ze \u015Bmierci\u0105 Aleksandra Macedo\u0144skiego (323 p.n.e.) i podzia\u0142em jego imperium przez diadoch\u00F3w, a zako\u0144czy\u0142 wkroczeniem legion\u00F3w rzymskich Oktawiana Augusta oraz samob\u00F3jcz\u0105 \u015Bmierci\u0105 ostatniej kr\u00F3lowej Kleopatry VII i Marka Antoniusza (30 p.n.e.) Walka o kszta\u0142t spu\u015Bcizny po wielkim Aleksandrze okaza\u0142a si\u0119 jedynie wst\u0119pem do budowy nowego \u0142adu politycznego, a na gruzach imperium wyros\u0142y nowe pa\u0144stwa i rz\u0105dz\u0105ce nimi dynastie. Dzi\u0119ki racjonalnym decyzjom pierwszego w\u0142adcy, kraj nad Nilem okaza\u0142 si\u0119 jednym z najtrwalszych element\u00F3w nowego porz\u0105dku, z kolei stolica kr\u00F3lestwa Aleksandria, dzi\u0119ki przemy\u015Blanej polityce kulturalnej, zyska\u0142a miano wiod\u0105cego o\u015Brodka \u015Bwiata antycznego. W kolejnych stuleciach rozpocz\u0119\u0142a si\u0119 faza powolnego kryzysu i stagnacji, kt\u00F3re zyska\u0142y na gwa\u0142towno\u015Bci w II wieku p.n.e. Zbieg\u0142o si\u0119 to z coraz wi\u0119kszym niezadowoleniem miejscowej ludno\u015Bci, upo\u015Bledzonej w stosunku do odgrywaj\u0105cych niepodzielne role polityczne i blokuj\u0105cych stanowiska urz\u0119dnicze Grek\u00F3w. Wzrost pot\u0119gi Rzymu, kt\u00F3ry pocz\u0105tkowo jedynie przygl\u0105da\u0142 si\u0119 rozwojowi wypadk\u00F3w, doprowadzi\u0142 do sytuacji, w kt\u00F3rej sprawy wewn\u0119trzne Egiptu uzale\u017Cnione zosta\u0142y od uk\u0142adu si\u0142 w rzymskim Senacie. Ostatecznie tryumfuj\u0105ce jedynow\u0142adztwo zlikwidowa\u0142o nad Tybrem obaw\u0119, zwi\u0105zan\u0105 z powierzeniem w\u0142adzy w Aleksandrii ambitnemu rzymskiemu politykowi. Egipt sta\u0142 si\u0119 per\u0142\u0105 w koronie cesarstwa, podstaw\u0105 niezale\u017Cno\u015Bci finansowej jego w\u0142adc\u00F3w oraz fundamentem ich pot\u0119gi."@pl . . "yes"@en . "Left image: Cleopatra VII bust in the Altes Museum, Antikensammlung Berlin, Roman artwork, 1st century BC"@en . . . . . . . . "yes"@en . . . . . "Ptolomeotar Erresuma (antzinako grezieraz: \u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1) edo Ptolomeotar Egipto k. a. 322an Alexandro Handiak Egipto konkistatu zuenetik K.a. 30ean Kleopatra VII.a hil eta Egipto erromatar probintzia bihurtu bitartean Egipton eta ingurumarietan agindu zuen erregimena izan zen. Ptolomeo I.ak bere burua Faraoi aldarrikatu zuenean sortu zen, eta hegoaldeko Siriatik Zirenaika eta Nubiaraino zabaldu zen. Alexandria hiriburu eta greziar kultura eta merkataritzaren gune nagusi bilakatu zen. Populazioaren onarpena lortzeko, greziar agintariek egiptiar ohiturak hartu zituzten eta bere kulturak musulmanen konkistaraino iraun zuen. Bertoko matxinadez gain, kanpoko gerrek eta gerra zibilek ere Erresumaren gainbehera eragin zuten, Erromatar Inperioak anexionatu arte."@eu . . . "Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg"@en . . "no"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kerajaan Ptolemaik"@in . . . "La epoko de Ptolemea Egiptio komenci\u011Dis kiam Ptolemeo la 1-a invadis Egiption kaj deklaris sin Faraono de Egiptio en 305 a.K. kaj fini\u011Dis kun la morto de re\u011Dino Kleopatra la 7-a de Egiptio kaj la romia konkeri\u011Do de Egiptio fare de la Romia Imperio en 30 a.K.. La ptolemea re\u011Dlando estis potenca \u015Dtato de la helena civilizo, etendi\u011Dante el suda Sirio oriente \u011Dis la historia loko Kireno en la regiono Cyrenaica de Libio okcidente, kaj sude \u011Dis la landlimo kun Nubio. Aleksandrio i\u011Dis la \u0109efurbo kaj centro de greka kulturo kaj komerco. Por gajni pli da agnosko de la denaska egipta lo\u011Dantaro, la regantoj de la ptolemea dinastio nomis sin la posteuloj al la faraonoj. La postaj anoj de la dinastio alprenis egiptajn tradiciojn, estis portretitaj en publikaj monumentoj en egipta stilo kaj vesta\u0135oj, kaj partoprenis en la egipta religia vivo. La helena kulturo pluprosperis en Egiptio \u011Dis post la islama konkero en la 7-a jarcento de nia erao. La regantoj de la ptolemea dinastio alfrontis signifan nombron da ribeloj de denaskaj egiptoj kaj estis envolvitaj en multajn inter\u015Dtatajn kaj enlandajn militojn. Tio kondukis al la kaduki\u011Do de la regno kaj al \u011Dia aneksado de la Romia Imperio. La erao de ptolemea regado en Egiptio estas unu el la plej bone dokumentitaj periodoj de la helena epoko, kaj multaj papirusoj kun skriba\u0135oj de grekoj kaj egiptoj de la epoko estis malkovritaj en Egiptio."@eo . . . . . . . . . . "\u0415\u043B\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0404\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0435\u0442"@uk . . . . . "Right: bust of Cleopatra VII, dated 40\u201330 BC, Vatican Museums, showing her with a 'melon' hairstyle and Hellenistic royal diadem worn over her head"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Reino Ptolemaico"@pt . . "Classical antiquity"@en . . . "Per\u00EDodo helen\u00EDstico (o alejandrino) es un t\u00E9rmino acu\u00F1ado a mediados del siglo XIX por el historiador alem\u00E1n Johann Gustav Droysen para designar el per\u00EDodo hist\u00F3rico comprendido entre la muerte de Alejandro Magno (323 a. C.) y la de Cleopatra y Marco Antonio tras su derrota en la batalla de Accio (30 a. C.). El \u00E1mbito geogr\u00E1fico en el que se desarroll\u00F3 el per\u00EDodo helen\u00EDstico comprende el extenso territorio conquistado por Alejandro Magno, que a su muerte se fragment\u00F3 en diversas entidades pol\u00EDticas regidas por dinast\u00EDas de origen griego o maced\u00F3nico."@es . . "O Reino Ptolemaico (grego antigo: \u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1, Ptolema\u00EFk\u1E15 basile\u00EDa) era um reino helen\u00EDstico baseado no Egito. Foi governado pela Dinastia Ptolemaica, que come\u00E7ou com a ascens\u00E3o de Ptolemeu I S\u00F3ter ap\u00F3s a morte de Alexandre, o Grande em 323 a.C., e que terminou com a morte de Cle\u00F3patra e a conquista romana em 30 a.C. O Reino Ptolemaico foi fundado em 305 a.C. por Ptolemeu I S\u00F3ter, que se declarou Fara\u00F3 do Egito e criou uma poderosa dinastia grega helen\u00EDstica que governou uma \u00E1rea que ia desde o sul da S\u00EDria at\u00E9 a Cirene e sul do Egito, na regi\u00E3o da N\u00FAbia."@pt . . . . . . . . . "The Ptolemaic Kingdom (/\u02CCt\u0252l\u026A\u02C8me\u026A.\u026Ak/; Koin\u0113 Greek: \u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1, romanized: Ptolema\u00EFk\u1E15 basile\u00EDa) was an Ancient Greek state based in Egypt during the Hellenistic Period. It was founded in 305 BC by Ptolemy I Soter, a companion of Alexander the Great, and lasted until the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BC. Ruling for nearly three centuries, the Ptolemies were the longest and most recent Egyptian dynasty of ancient origin. Alexander the Great conquered Persian-controlled Egypt in 332 BC during his campaigns against the Achaemenid Empire. After Alexander's death in 323 BC, his empire quickly unraveled amid competing claims by the diadochi, his closest friends and companions. Ptolemy, a Macedonian who was one of Alexander's most trusted generals and confidants, won control of Egypt from his rivals and declared himself pharaoh. Alexandria, a Greek polis founded by Alexander, became the capital city and a major center of Greek culture, learning, and trade for the next several centuries. Following the Syrian Wars with the Seleucid Empire, a rival Hellenistic state, the Ptolemaic Kingdom expanded its territory to include eastern Libya, the Sinai, and northern Nubia. To legitimize their rule and gain recognition from native Egyptians, the Ptolemies adopted the title of the pharaoh and had themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress; otherwise, the monarchy rigorously maintained its Hellenistic character and traditions. The kingdom had a complex government bureaucracy that exploited the country's vast economic resources to the benefit of a Greek ruling class, which dominated military, political, and economic affairs, and which rarely integrated into Egyptian society and culture. Native Egyptians maintained power over local and religious institutions, and only gradually accrued power in the bureaucracy, provided they Hellenized. Beginning with Ptolemy II Philadelphus, the Ptolemies began to adopt Egyptian customs, such as marrying their siblings per the Osiris myth, and participating in Egyptian religious life. New temples were built, older ones restored, and royal patronage lavished on the priesthood. From the mid third century BC, Ptolemaic Egypt was the wealthiest and most powerful of Alexander's successor states, and the leading example of Greek civilization. Beginning in the mid second century BC, dynastic strife and a series of foreign wars weakened the kingdom, and it became increasingly reliant on the Roman Republic. Under Cleopatra VII, who sought to restore Ptolemaic power, Egypt became entangled in a Roman civil war, which ultimately led to its conquest by Rome as the last independent Hellenistic state. Roman Egypt became one of Rome's richest provinces and a center of Macedonian culture, with Greek remaining the main language of government until the Muslim conquest in 641 AD. Alexandria remained one of the leading cities of the Mediterranean well into the late Middle Ages."@en . . . . . . . . . "Le royaume lagide ou ptol\u00E9ma\u00EFque (en grec ancien \u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 / Ptolema\u00EFk\u1E15 basile\u00EDa) est un royaume hell\u00E9nistique situ\u00E9 en \u00C9gypte et dirig\u00E9 par la dynastie lagide issue du g\u00E9n\u00E9ral mac\u00E9donien Ptol\u00E9m\u00E9e, fils de Lagos (d'o\u00F9 l'appellation \u00AB lagide \u00BB), de 323 \u00E0 30 av. J.-C. Consid\u00E9r\u00E9 comme le plus puissant et le plus riche des royaumes hell\u00E9nistiques, il \u00E9tablit une v\u00E9ritable thalassocratie en M\u00E9diterran\u00E9e orientale pour atteindre son apog\u00E9e sous le r\u00E8gne de Ptol\u00E9m\u00E9e III. Son principal adversaire est le royaume s\u00E9leucide contre lequel il lutte durant les guerres de Syrie. Les Lagides interviennent r\u00E9guli\u00E8rement dans les affaires de la Gr\u00E8ce afin de faire face aux ambitions des Antigonides. \u00C0 partir du IIe si\u00E8cle, le royaume est confront\u00E9 \u00E0 des mouvements de s\u00E9dition qui entament l'autori"@fr . . ""@en . . . . . . . "\u042D\u043B\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0415\u0433\u0438\u0301\u043F\u0435\u0442 (305 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u044D. \u2014 30 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u044D.) \u2014 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0442\u0430, \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u0441\u043E \u0432\u0445\u043E\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u044B \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u041C\u0430\u043A\u0435\u0434\u043E\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E. \u0421\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u044D\u043B\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0440\u043E\u043C \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434 \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0440\u0438\u044F (\u0415\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F) \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0435 \u041D\u0438\u043B\u0430, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0437 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u044D\u043B\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044B. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u0435\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u044C \u044D\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434\u0430, \u041F\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0439 \u0421\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0440, \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B \u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u043E\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434\u0430, \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0437\u0430\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044E \u041F\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0435\u0432, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0443\u044E \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438 \u0438, \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u041F\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0435\u0432. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0434\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u041E\u043A\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0432 30 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u044D., \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0435\u0442 \u0420\u0438\u043C\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438."@ru . . . . . . . . "Cleopatra VII"@en . . . . . . . "Egipt ptolemejski (stgr. \u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 Ptolemaike Basileia, Kr\u00F3lestwo Ptolemeusz\u00F3w) \u2013 okres hellenistyczny w historii staro\u017Cytnego Egiptu, kt\u00F3ry rozpocz\u0105\u0142 si\u0119 wraz ze \u015Bmierci\u0105 Aleksandra Macedo\u0144skiego (323 p.n.e.) i podzia\u0142em jego imperium przez diadoch\u00F3w, a zako\u0144czy\u0142 wkroczeniem legion\u00F3w rzymskich Oktawiana Augusta oraz samob\u00F3jcz\u0105 \u015Bmierci\u0105 ostatniej kr\u00F3lowej Kleopatry VII i Marka Antoniusza (30 p.n.e.)"@pl . . . . . . . . . . "Marble head of a Ptolemaic queen MET DP333700.jpg"@en . . . . . . . . "Eagle of Zeus, Ptolemaic mint.jpg"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "\u042D\u043B\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043F\u0435\u0442"@ru . . . . "De periode van Macedonisch Egypte en het Ptoleme\u00EFsche Rijk ook wel Grieks Egypte of Hellenistisch Egypte is in de geschiedenis van Egypte de periode van 332-30 v.Chr. en komt na de geschiedenis van het Oude Egypte. Het Ptoleme\u00EFsche Rijk had als kerngebied Egypte, maar omvatte soms ook diverse aangrenzende gebieden."@nl . . . . "\uD504\uD1A8\uB808\uB9C8\uC774\uC624\uC2A4 \uC655\uAD6D"@ko . "305"^^ . . . . . . . . . "yes"@en . . . "Head Attributed to Arsinoe II, depicted as an Egyptian divinity"@en . . . . . "Egypt Roman Egypt"@en . . . . . "Ptolemaiovsk\u00FD Egypt"@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1122709277"^^ . . . . . . . . "on the Ptolemaic coin"@en . . "\u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1"@en . . . . . . . . "Macedonian Empire"@en . "\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064A\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646\u064B\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 305 \u0642.\u0645.\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062A\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u062A\u062D\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 30 \u0642.\u0645. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064A\u0629\u060C \u062A\u0645\u062A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u062C\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064B\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u063A\u0631\u0628\u064B\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u0648\u062F \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062C\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064B\u0627. \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062F\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062B\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064B\u0627 \u062A\u062C\u0627\u0631\u064A\u064B\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u062C\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062B\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u063A\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064A\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0647\u062F\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0631\u062C\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0623\u062F\u062A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627."@ar . . . . . "96528"^^ . . . "Egipt ptolemejski"@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . "right"@en . "Vergina Sun WIPO.svg"@en . . . . . "Per\u00EDodo helen\u00EDstico (o alejandrino) es un t\u00E9rmino acu\u00F1ado a mediados del siglo XIX por el historiador alem\u00E1n Johann Gustav Droysen para designar el per\u00EDodo hist\u00F3rico comprendido entre la muerte de Alejandro Magno (323 a. C.) y la de Cleopatra y Marco Antonio tras su derrota en la batalla de Accio (30 a. C.). El \u00E1mbito geogr\u00E1fico en el que se desarroll\u00F3 el per\u00EDodo helen\u00EDstico comprende el extenso territorio conquistado por Alejandro Magno, que a su muerte se fragment\u00F3 en diversas entidades pol\u00EDticas regidas por dinast\u00EDas de origen griego o maced\u00F3nico. En el Antiguo Egipto, en esta etapa hist\u00F3rica, que sucede al llamado periodo tard\u00EDo, reinaron dos dinast\u00EDas de origen hel\u00E9nico: la maced\u00F3nica (332 a. C. a 309 a. C.) y la ptolemaica (305 a. C. a 30 a. C.) Algunos historiadores denominan per\u00EDodo grecorromano de Egipto a la \u00E9poca que transcurre desde la entrada de Alejandro Magno en el pa\u00EDs hasta las \u00FAltimas fases de la dominaci\u00F3n romana de Egipto, que concluye tras la muerte de Teodosio I el Grande."@es . . . . . . 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"400"^^ . . . . "L'Egitto tolemaico o Regno tolemaico d'Egitto (in greco antico: \u03A0\u03C4\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u1F74 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1, Ptolemaik\u1E15 Basil\u00E8i\u0101) \u00E8 stato un regno del periodo ellenistico fondato sulla terra dell'antico Egitto, governato dalla dinastia tolemaica iniziata con Tolomeo I - dopo la morte di Alessandro Magno nel 323 a.C. - e conclusasi con Cleopatra VII con la conquista romana nel 30 a.C. e la successiva creazione della Provincia d'Egitto. Uno dei suoi maggiori simboli \u00E8 stata l'aquila di Zeus (\u1F00\u03B5\u03C4\u03CC\u03C2 \u0394\u03B9\u03CC\u03C2, aet\u00F3s Di\u00F3s), impressa anche nelle monete, invece la forma religiosa ufficiale fu il culto di Serapide. Il regno tolemaico fu fondato nel 305 a.C. da Tolomeo, generale macedone e compagno d'armi di Alessandro che, dichiaratosi faraone, diede il via ad una potente dinastia ellenistica governando un territorio che va dal sud della Siria a Cirene in Libia alla Nubia. Alessandria d'Egitto divenne la capitale, oltre che un importante centro di cultura e del commercio internazionale. Per ottenerne il riconoscimento da parte della nativa popolazione egizia, come detto, la famiglia macedone si dichiar\u00F2 succedere direttamente dagli antichi faraoni; in epoca pi\u00F9 tarda i Tolomei assunsero la tradizione egiziana sposandosi tra fratelli e facendosi raffigurare sui monumenti pubblici abbigliati in stile egizio e partecipando pienamente alla vita e alle celebrazioni della religione egizia. Nel corso dei loro secoli di dominio i Tolomei hanno dovuto affrontare e combattere ribellioni ispirate dai nativi, sono stati coinvolti in conflitti con le nazioni straniere ed infine anche in guerre civili che hanno portato al declino del regno e alla sua definitiva annessione da parte dell'appena costituitosi impero romano. La cultura ellenistica ha continuato a prosperare in terra d'Egitto durante i periodi romano e bizantino fino alla conquista islamica dell'Egitto (639-642)."@it . .