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Протокол 1967 року Protocol van New York Protocole relatif au statut des réfugiés 关于难民地位的议定书 Protokoll über die Rechtsstellung der Flüchtlinge (1967) البروتوكول المتعلق بأوضاع اللاجئين Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
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The Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees is a key treaty in international refugee law. It entered into force on 4 October 1967, and 146 countries are parties. The 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees restricted refugee status to those whose circumstances had come about "as a result of events occurring before 1 January 1951", as well as giving states party to the convention the option of interpreting this as "events occurring in Europe" or "events occurring in Europe or elsewhere". Het Protocol van New York of voluit het Protocol betreffende de status van vluchtelingen, New York, 31 januari 1967 is een aanvulling op het VN-Vluchtelingenverdrag uit 1951. Tot die aanvulling werd besloten door de staten die partij waren bij dit verdrag, toen er steeds meer bezwaren rezen tegen de daarin opgenomen tijdbepaling "gebeurtenissen die voor 1 januari 1951 hadden plaatsgevonden" in de definitiebepaling in in artikel 1 A (2). In het Protocol van New York werd het tijdselement uit de definitiebepaling in het VN-Vluchtelingenverdrag verwijderd. Das Protokoll über die Rechtsstellung der Flüchtlinge von 1967 erweitert die Flüchtlingsdefinition des Abkommens über die Rechtsstellung der Flüchtlinge (Genfer Flüchtlingskonvention) von 1951. Es wurde in New York am 31. Januar 1967 abgeschlossen. Für die Schweiz trat es am 20. Mai 1968 in Kraft, für Deutschland am 5. November 1969, für Österreich am 5. September 1973. Die Richtlinie 2011/95/EU (Qualifikationsrichtlinie) baut unter anderem auf diesem Protokoll auf. 《关于难民地位的议定书》（亦被稱為「紐約議定書」）是一項1966年11月18日通過，並於1967年10月4日正式生效的國際公約。主要目的是將聯合國1951年難民地位公約關於難民地位的定義擴大至全球範圍，並適用至今。這兩項公約，是當代國際難民保護的兩項核心規範。 聯合國於1951年7月18日通過難民地位公約，並於1954年4月22日正式生效；此公約原始目的僅在處理第二次世界大戰後歐洲地區的難民問題，而不適用於1951年1月1日以後發生事件所衍生之難民，亦不適用歐洲地區外的難民。鑑於難民已是全球共同面臨的議題，因此聯合國在1966年11月18日通過有關難民地位的議定書，並於1967年10月4日正式生效，刪除了「時間」和「地域」的限制，以將原公約關於難民地位的定義擴大至全球範圍，適用至今。但擴大效力範圍的同時，也允許已批准1951年公約的簽約國家，可自行選擇保留「地理限制」的效力。 البروتوكول المتعلق بأوضاع اللاجئين هي معاهدة دولية في قانون اللاجئين الدولي. دخلت المعاهدة حيز التنفيذ في 4 أكتوبر 1967. وقع عليها 146 دولة. Convention relatifs au statut des réfugiés (et protocole) * parties uniquement de la Convention de 1951 * parties uniquement du Protocole de 1967 * parties aux deux * non-membres Le Protocole relatif au statut des réfugiés est un traité clé du droit des réfugiés qui est entré en application le 4 octobre 1967. 146 pays sont parties au Protocole. Протокол щодо статусу біженців — основний договір міжнародного права у справах біженців — набрав чинності 4 жовтня 1967 року. До Протоколу входять 146 країн. У той час, як Конвенція про статус біженців 1951 року обмежила статус біженця і визначила його для людей, чиї обставини виникли "внаслідок подій, що відбулися до 1 січня 1951 року", а також надавала державам-учасницям Конвенції можливість тлумачити це як "події, що відбуваються в Європі" або "події, що відбуваються в Європі чи інших місцях", Протокол 1967 року вилучив як часові, так і географічні обмеження. Це було необхідно в історичному контексті існування потоків біженців, спричинених деколонізацією. Проте Протокол дав тим державам, які раніше ратифікували Конвенцію 1951 року, і вирішили використати географічне обмеження, можливіст
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Protocol: 146 Convention: 145
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dbo:abstract
Das Protokoll über die Rechtsstellung der Flüchtlinge von 1967 erweitert die Flüchtlingsdefinition des Abkommens über die Rechtsstellung der Flüchtlinge (Genfer Flüchtlingskonvention) von 1951. Es wurde in New York am 31. Januar 1967 abgeschlossen. Für die Schweiz trat es am 20. Mai 1968 in Kraft, für Deutschland am 5. November 1969, für Österreich am 5. September 1973. Die Richtlinie 2011/95/EU (Qualifikationsrichtlinie) baut unter anderem auf diesem Protokoll auf. Ein Aspekt war es, „allen Flüchtlingen, die der im Abkommen enthaltenen Umschreibung entsprechen, ohne Rücksicht auf den Stichtag des 1. Januar 1951 die gleiche Rechtsstellung zu gewähren.“ 《关于难民地位的议定书》（亦被稱為「紐約議定書」）是一項1966年11月18日通過，並於1967年10月4日正式生效的國際公約。主要目的是將聯合國1951年難民地位公約關於難民地位的定義擴大至全球範圍，並適用至今。這兩項公約，是當代國際難民保護的兩項核心規範。 聯合國於1951年7月18日通過難民地位公約，並於1954年4月22日正式生效；此公約原始目的僅在處理第二次世界大戰後歐洲地區的難民問題，而不適用於1951年1月1日以後發生事件所衍生之難民，亦不適用歐洲地區外的難民。鑑於難民已是全球共同面臨的議題，因此聯合國在1966年11月18日通過有關難民地位的議定書，並於1967年10月4日正式生效，刪除了「時間」和「地域」的限制，以將原公約關於難民地位的定義擴大至全球範圍，適用至今。但擴大效力範圍的同時，也允許已批准1951年公約的簽約國家，可自行選擇保留「地理限制」的效力。 Het Protocol van New York of voluit het Protocol betreffende de status van vluchtelingen, New York, 31 januari 1967 is een aanvulling op het VN-Vluchtelingenverdrag uit 1951. Tot die aanvulling werd besloten door de staten die partij waren bij dit verdrag, toen er steeds meer bezwaren rezen tegen de daarin opgenomen tijdbepaling "gebeurtenissen die voor 1 januari 1951 hadden plaatsgevonden" in de definitiebepaling in in artikel 1 A (2). In het Protocol van New York werd het tijdselement uit de definitiebepaling in het VN-Vluchtelingenverdrag verwijderd. البروتوكول المتعلق بأوضاع اللاجئين هي معاهدة دولية في قانون اللاجئين الدولي. دخلت المعاهدة حيز التنفيذ في 4 أكتوبر 1967. وقع عليها 146 دولة. Протокол щодо статусу біженців — основний договір міжнародного права у справах біженців — набрав чинності 4 жовтня 1967 року. До Протоколу входять 146 країн. У той час, як Конвенція про статус біженців 1951 року обмежила статус біженця і визначила його для людей, чиї обставини виникли "внаслідок подій, що відбулися до 1 січня 1951 року", а також надавала державам-учасницям Конвенції можливість тлумачити це як "події, що відбуваються в Європі" або "події, що відбуваються в Європі чи інших місцях", Протокол 1967 року вилучив як часові, так і географічні обмеження. Це було необхідно в історичному контексті існування потоків біженців, спричинених деколонізацією. Проте Протокол дав тим державам, які раніше ратифікували Конвенцію 1951 року, і вирішили використати географічне обмеження, можливість зберегти це обмеження. The Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees is a key treaty in international refugee law. It entered into force on 4 October 1967, and 146 countries are parties. The 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees restricted refugee status to those whose circumstances had come about "as a result of events occurring before 1 January 1951", as well as giving states party to the convention the option of interpreting this as "events occurring in Europe" or "events occurring in Europe or elsewhere". The 1967 Protocol removed both the temporal and geographic restrictions. This was needed in the historical context of refugee flows resulting from decolonisation. Madagascar and Saint Kitts and Nevis are parties only to the convention, while Cape Verde, the United States of America and Venezuela are parties only to the protocol. The protocol gave those states which had previously ratified the 1951 Convention and chosen to use the definition restricted to Europe the option to retain that restriction. Only four states actually chose that restriction: the Republic of the Congo, Madagascar, Monaco, and Turkey. Congo and Monaco dropped the restriction upon ratifying the 1967 Protocol; Turkey retained it, and Madagascar has not ratified the protocol. There exists a diversity of definition of refugees across the globe, where countries and local districts even have differing legal meanings and rights allocated to refugees. Convention relatifs au statut des réfugiés (et protocole) * parties uniquement de la Convention de 1951 * parties uniquement du Protocole de 1967 * parties aux deux * non-membres Le Protocole relatif au statut des réfugiés est un traité clé du droit des réfugiés qui est entré en application le 4 octobre 1967. 146 pays sont parties au Protocole. Alors que Convention du 28 juillet 1951 des Nations Unies relative au statut des réfugiés avait restreint le statut de réfugié à ceux dont les circonstances étaient venues « à la suite d'événements survenus avant le 1er janvier 1951 », ainsi que de donner les États parties à la Convention la possibilité de choisir entre « événements survenus en Europe » et « événements survenus en Europe ou ailleurs », le Protocole de 1967 a supprimé ces restrictions temporelles et géographiques. Cependant, le Protocole a donné aux États qui avaient auparavant ratifié la Convention de 1951 et choisi d'utiliser la définition géographique restreint la possibilité de conserver cette restriction.
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