. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "5166384"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "Primate basal ganglia"@en . . . . "Le syst\u00E8me des ganglions de la base, aussi appel\u00E9s noyaux gris centraux, est un ensemble pair de noyaux interconnect\u00E9s entre eux au sein du syst\u00E8me nerveux. Ils sont principalement situ\u00E9s aux \u00E9tages t\u00E9lenc\u00E9phalique et dienc\u00E9phalique. Ces noyaux comprennent : \n* le striatum dorsal, compos\u00E9 du noyau caud\u00E9 et du putamen \n* le pallidum, compos\u00E9 du globus pallidus interne (GPi) et externe (GPe) \n* le noyau sous-thalamique \n* la substance noire (SN), aussi appel\u00E9e locus niger (LN) tandis-que le striatum ventral comprendrait : \n* le noyau accumbens septi et \n* les tubercules olfactifs, en partie."@fr . . . . . . . . . . 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"Le syst\u00E8me des ganglions de la base, aussi appel\u00E9s noyaux gris centraux, est un ensemble pair de noyaux interconnect\u00E9s entre eux au sein du syst\u00E8me nerveux. Ils sont principalement situ\u00E9s aux \u00E9tages t\u00E9lenc\u00E9phalique et dienc\u00E9phalique. Ces noyaux comprennent : \n* le striatum dorsal, compos\u00E9 du noyau caud\u00E9 et du putamen \n* le pallidum, compos\u00E9 du globus pallidus interne (GPi) et externe (GPe) \n* le noyau sous-thalamique \n* la substance noire (SN), aussi appel\u00E9e locus niger (LN) tandis-que le striatum ventral comprendrait : \n* le noyau accumbens septi et \n* les tubercules olfactifs, en partie. Ces noyaux sont globalement organis\u00E9s en circuits parall\u00E8les r\u00E9alisant des boucles cortico-striato-thalamo-corticales impliqu\u00E9s dans des fonctions motrices, affectives (syst\u00E8me limbique) et cognitives. Le pallidum et la substance noire participent \u00E0 des voies descendantes vers les centres moteurs de la moelle \u00E9pini\u00E8re, gr\u00E2ce \u00E0 des connexions avec l'habenula, la formation r\u00E9ticul\u00E9e et les colliculi sup\u00E9rieurs. Cet ensemble se rattache anciennement au syst\u00E8me extrapyramidal. L'atteinte de ce syst\u00E8me peut entra\u00EEner des troubles tels que la maladie de Parkinson, l'h\u00E9miballisme, la chor\u00E9e, des troubles obsessionnels et compulsifs, et peut \u00EAtre incrimin\u00E9 dans des atteintes psychiatriques comme la schizophr\u00E9nie."@fr . "61826"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "The basal ganglia form a major brain system in all species of vertebrates, but in primates (including humans) there are special features that justify a separate consideration. As in other vertebrates, the primate basal ganglia can be divided into striatal, pallidal, nigral, and subthalamic components. In primates, however, there are two pallidal subdivisions called the external globus pallidus (GPe) and internal globus pallidus (GPi). Also in primates, the dorsal striatum is divided by a large tract called the internal capsule into two masses named the caudate nucleus and the putamen\u2014in most other species no such division exists, and only the striatum as a whole is recognized. Beyond this, there is a complex circuitry of connections between the striatum and cortex that is specific to prima"@en . . . . "The basal ganglia form a major brain system in all species of vertebrates, but in primates (including humans) there are special features that justify a separate consideration. As in other vertebrates, the primate basal ganglia can be divided into striatal, pallidal, nigral, and subthalamic components. In primates, however, there are two pallidal subdivisions called the external globus pallidus (GPe) and internal globus pallidus (GPi). Also in primates, the dorsal striatum is divided by a large tract called the internal capsule into two masses named the caudate nucleus and the putamen\u2014in most other species no such division exists, and only the striatum as a whole is recognized. Beyond this, there is a complex circuitry of connections between the striatum and cortex that is specific to primates. This complexity reflects the difference in functioning of different cortical areas in the primate brain. Functional imaging studies have been performed mainly using human subjects. Also, several major degenerative diseases of the basal ganglia, including Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, are specific to humans, although \"models\" of them have been proposed for other species."@en . . . . "1117372265"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0627\u062A"@ar . . . . . . "similar to offed"@en . . "September 2021"@en . . "Syst\u00E8me des ganglions de la base du primate"@fr . . . .