. . . . . . "Planetary surface"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1122986337"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "Superf\u00EDcie planet\u00E0ria"@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "A planetary surface is where the solid or liquid material of certain types of astronomical objects contacts the atmosphere or outer space. Planetary surfaces are found on solid objects of planetary mass, including terrestrial planets (including Earth), dwarf planets, natural satellites, planetesimals and many other small Solar System bodies (SSSBs). The study of planetary surfaces is a field of planetary geology known as surface geology, but also a focus of a number of fields including planetary cartography, topography, geomorphology, atmospheric sciences, and astronomy. Land (or ground) is the term given to non-liquid planetary surfaces. The term landing is used to describe the collision of an object with a planetary surface and is usually at a velocity in which the object can remain inta"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Una superf\u00EDcie planet\u00E0ria \u00E9s on el material s\u00F2lid (o l\u00EDquid) de l'escor\u00E7a exterior de certs tipus d'objectes astron\u00F2mics entra en contacte amb l'atmosfera o l'espai exterior. Les superf\u00EDcies planet\u00E0ries es troben en objectes s\u00F2lids de massa planet\u00E0ria, inclosos planetes tel\u00B7l\u00FArics (inclosa la Terra), planetes nans, sat\u00E8l\u00B7lits naturals, planetesimals i molts altres cossos menors del Sistema Solar (CMSS o de l'angl\u00E8s SSSB, Small Solar System body). L'estudi de les superf\u00EDcies planet\u00E0ries \u00E9s un camp de la geologia planet\u00E0ria conegut com a geologia de la superf\u00EDcie, per\u00F2 tamb\u00E9 un focus d'una s\u00E8rie de camps que inclouen cartografia planet\u00E0ria, topografia, geomorfologia, i astronomia. Terra (o s\u00F2l) \u00E9s el terme donat a les superf\u00EDcies planet\u00E0ries no l\u00EDquides. El terme aterratge s'utilitza per de"@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "30"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "43290"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "Una superf\u00EDcie planet\u00E0ria \u00E9s on el material s\u00F2lid (o l\u00EDquid) de l'escor\u00E7a exterior de certs tipus d'objectes astron\u00F2mics entra en contacte amb l'atmosfera o l'espai exterior. Les superf\u00EDcies planet\u00E0ries es troben en objectes s\u00F2lids de massa planet\u00E0ria, inclosos planetes tel\u00B7l\u00FArics (inclosa la Terra), planetes nans, sat\u00E8l\u00B7lits naturals, planetesimals i molts altres cossos menors del Sistema Solar (CMSS o de l'angl\u00E8s SSSB, Small Solar System body). L'estudi de les superf\u00EDcies planet\u00E0ries \u00E9s un camp de la geologia planet\u00E0ria conegut com a geologia de la superf\u00EDcie, per\u00F2 tamb\u00E9 un focus d'una s\u00E8rie de camps que inclouen cartografia planet\u00E0ria, topografia, geomorfologia, i astronomia. Terra (o s\u00F2l) \u00E9s el terme donat a les superf\u00EDcies planet\u00E0ries no l\u00EDquides. El terme aterratge s'utilitza per descriure la col\u00B7lisi\u00F3 d'un objecte amb una superf\u00EDcie planet\u00E0ria i normalment t\u00E9 una velocitat a la qual l'objecte pot romandre intacte i romandre unit. En els cossos diferenciats, la superf\u00EDcie \u00E9s on l'escor\u00E7a es troba amb la capa l\u00EDmit planet\u00E0ria. Qualsevol cosa per sota d'aix\u00F2 es considera subterr\u00E0nia o submar\u00ED. La majoria dels cossos m\u00E9s massius que les s\u00FAper-Terres, incloses els estels i els gegants gasosos, aix\u00ED com els nans gasosos m\u00E9s petits, passen de manera contigua entre fases, incl\u00F2s gas, l\u00EDquid i s\u00F2lid. Com a tals, generalment es consideren que no tenen superf\u00EDcies. Les superf\u00EDcies planet\u00E0ries i la vida superficial s\u00F3n d'inter\u00E8s particular per als humans, ja que \u00E9s l'h\u00E0bitat principal de l'esp\u00E8cie, que ha evolucionat per moure's sobre la terra i respirar aire. Per tant, l'exploraci\u00F3 espacial humana i la colonitzaci\u00F3 espacial se centren molt en elles. Els humans nom\u00E9s hem explorat directament la superf\u00EDcie de la Terra i la Lluna. Les grans dist\u00E0ncies i complexitats de l'espai fan que l'exploraci\u00F3 directa fins i tot d'objectes propers a la Terra sigui perillosa i costosa. Com a tal, totes les altres exploracions han estat indirectes mitjan\u00E7ant sondes espacials. Les observacions indirectes per sobrevol o \u00F2rbita actualment proporcionen informaci\u00F3 insuficient per confirmar la composici\u00F3 i les propietats de les superf\u00EDcies planet\u00E0ries. Gran part del que se sap \u00E9s de l'\u00FAs de t\u00E8cniques com l'espectrosc\u00F2pia astron\u00F2mica i el retorn de mostres. Els m\u00F2duls d'aterratge han explorat les superf\u00EDcies dels planetes Mart i Venus. Mart \u00E9s l'\u00FAnic altre planeta que ha tingut la seva superf\u00EDcie explorada per una sonda de superf\u00EDcie m\u00F2bil (rover). Tit\u00E0 \u00E9s l'\u00FAnic objecte no planetari de massa planet\u00E0ria que ha estat explorat per un m\u00F2dul aterratge. Els m\u00F2duls d'aterratge han explorat diversos cossos m\u00E9s petits, com ara 433 Eros (2001), 25143 Itokawa (2005), Tempel 1 (2005), 67P/Churyumov\u2013Gerasimenko (2014), 162173 Ryugu (2018) i 1019525 Bennu (2019). S'han recollit mostres de superf\u00EDcie de la Lluna (retornada el 1969), 25143 Itokawa (retornada el 2010), 162173 Ryugu i 101955 Bennu."@ca . . . . . . . . . "34661457"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "A planetary surface is where the solid or liquid material of certain types of astronomical objects contacts the atmosphere or outer space. Planetary surfaces are found on solid objects of planetary mass, including terrestrial planets (including Earth), dwarf planets, natural satellites, planetesimals and many other small Solar System bodies (SSSBs). The study of planetary surfaces is a field of planetary geology known as surface geology, but also a focus of a number of fields including planetary cartography, topography, geomorphology, atmospheric sciences, and astronomy. Land (or ground) is the term given to non-liquid planetary surfaces. The term landing is used to describe the collision of an object with a planetary surface and is usually at a velocity in which the object can remain intact and remain attached. In differentiated bodies, the surface is where the crust meets the planetary boundary layer. Anything below this is regarded as being sub-surface or sub-marine. Most bodies more massive than super-Earths, including stars and gas giants, as well as smaller gas dwarfs, transition contiguously between phases, including gas, liquid, and solid. As such, they are generally regarded as lacking surfaces. Planetary surfaces and surface life are of particular interest to humans as it is the primary habitat of the species, which has evolved to move over land and breathe air. Human space exploration and space colonization therefore focuses heavily on them. Humans have only directly explored the surface of Earth and the Moon. The vast distances and complexities of space makes direct exploration of even near-Earth objects dangerous and expensive. As such, all other exploration has been indirect via space probes. Indirect observations by flyby or orbit currently provide insufficient information to confirm the composition and properties of planetary surfaces. Much of what is known is from the use of techniques such as astronomical spectroscopy and sample return. Lander spacecraft have explored the surfaces of planets Mars and Venus. Mars is the only other planet to have had its surface explored by a mobile surface probe (rover). Titan is the only non-planetary object of planetary mass to have been explored by lander. Landers have explored several smaller bodies including 433 Eros (2001), 25143 Itokawa (2005), Tempel 1 (2005), 67P/Churyumov\u2013Gerasimenko (2014), 162173 Ryugu (2018) and 101955 Bennu (2020). Surface samples have been collected from the Moon (returned 1969), 25143 Itokawa (returned 2010), 162173 Ryugu and 101955 Bennu."@en . . . . . .