@prefix rdf: . @prefix dbr: . @prefix owl: . dbr:Parchment rdf:type owl:Thing . @prefix dbo: . dbr:Parchment rdf:type dbo:ChemicalCompound . @prefix rdfs: . dbr:Parchment rdfs:label "Pergaminho"@pt , "Pergamino"@es , "\u7F8A\u76AE\u7D19"@zh , "Pergamen"@cs , "Parchemin"@fr , "P\u00E1r"@ga , "Pergament"@de , "Parchment"@en , "Perkamen"@in , "Pergamin"@pl , "Pergameno"@eo , "\u0628\u0631\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0646"@ar , "Pergament"@sv , "Pergamino"@eu , "\u041F\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442"@uk , "\u7F8A\u76AE\u7D19"@ja , "Pergam\u00ED"@ca , "\u041F\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442"@ru , "Pergamena"@it , "Perkament"@nl , "\u03A0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03BC\u03B7\u03BD\u03AE"@el , "\uC591\uD53C\uC9C0"@ko ; rdfs:comment "Pergaminho (do grego pergam\u00E9ne e do latim pergamina ou pergamena), \u00E9 uma pele de animal, geralmente de cabra, carneiro, cordeiro ou ovelha, preparada para nela se escrever. Designa ainda um suporte de inscri\u00E7\u00E3o de palavras materializada pela escrita. O seu nome lembra o da cidade grega de P\u00E9rgamo, na \u00C1sia Menor, onde se acredita possa ter se originado ou distribu\u00EDdo. Quando feitos de peles delicadas de bezerros ou cordeiros, eram chamados de velino. Estas peles davam um material de escrita fino, macio e claro, usado para documentos e obras importantes."@pt , "Un parchemin est une peau d'animal, g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement de mouton, parfois de ch\u00E8vre ou de veau, qui est appr\u00EAt\u00E9e sp\u00E9cialement pour servir de support \u00E0 l'\u00E9criture. Par extension, il en est venu \u00E0 d\u00E9signer aussi tout document \u00E9crit sur ce type de support. Il peut aussi \u00EAtre utilis\u00E9 en peinture, en reliure, dans la facture instrumentale de certains instruments (tambours, grosses caisses) et dans la gainerie d'ameublement."@fr , "La pergamena, detta anche cartapecora o carta pecudina, \u00E8 una membrana ricavata dalla pelle di animale (agnello o vitello) non conciata e composta di collagene. Presenta una struttura coriacea ed elastica, per cui il degrado non avviene frequentemente. Fu utilizzata come supporto scrittorio fino al XIV secolo, quando venne gradatamente soppiantata dalla carta di canapa o d'altre fibre tessili. Oggi \u00E8 ancora utilizzata come materiale di legatura."@it , "Pergamen je nevyd\u011Blan\u00E1, p\u0159i nap\u011Bt\u00ED su\u0161en\u00E1 a hlazen\u00E1 zv\u00ED\u0159ec\u00ED k\u016F\u017Ee, v minulosti pou\u017E\u00EDvan\u00E1 jako psac\u00ED materi\u00E1l. Pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 se k\u016F\u017Ee r\u016Fzn\u00FDch dom\u00E1c\u00EDch zv\u00ED\u0159at, nap\u0159. osl\u016F, vep\u0159\u016F, koz, ovc\u00ED nebo hov\u011Bz\u00EDho dobytka, zpravidla mlad\u0161\u00EDch jedinc\u016F, jejich\u017E k\u016F\u017Ee je jemn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED. Je to materi\u00E1l b\u00EDlkovinn\u00E9 povahy (kolagen a elastin). Pergamen z telec\u00ED k\u016F\u017Ee se naz\u00FDv\u00E1 . Pergamen z ov\u010D\u00ED k\u016F\u017Ee znesnad\u0148oval \u00FApravy dokument\u016F."@cs , "\u041F\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0301\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442 (\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043F\u043E \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0301\u043C\u0435\u043D; \u043D\u0435\u043C. Pergament, \u043E\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03A0\u03AD\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03BC\u03BF\u03BD, \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043C\u043E\u043D) \u2014 \u0438\u0437 \u043D\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0451\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u044B\u0440\u043E\u043C\u044F\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u0436\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 (\u0434\u043E \u0438\u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0431\u0443\u043C\u0430\u0433\u0438). \u0422\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043C \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0435."@ru , "Perkament, ook als verfijnde vorm: velijn, vellum, is een dun papierachtig materiaal, gemaakt van huid van kalveren, koeien, geiten, schapen, konijnen of ezels. Perkament is naar de stad Pergamon uit de klassieke oudheid genoemd, in het huidige Turkije. Het is daar niet uitgevonden, maar wel verbeterd. Perkament is vooral bekend als schrijfmateriaal voor handschriften."@nl , "Perkamen adalah media untuk menulis yang dibuat dari . Yang biasa dipakai ialah kulit sapi, kambing, biri-biri, domba, dan keledai. Perkamen digunakan sebagai halaman dalam sebuah buku, kodeks atau naskah. Perkamen berbeda dengan kulit yang dipakai sebagai bahan. Meski perkamen dalam proses pembuatannya direndam di dalam air kapur, perkamen tidak disamak. Sehingga perkamen peka terhadap kelembaban udara dan tidak tahan air."@in , "Pergament ist eine nicht gegerbte, nur leicht bearbeitete Tierhaut, die seit dem Altertum unter anderem als Beschreibstoff verwendet wird. Pergament ist damit ein Vorl\u00E4ufer des Papiers. Pergament wird meist aus H\u00E4uten von K\u00E4lbern, Ziegen oder Schafen hergestellt. Hierbei erfahren die geweichten und enthaarten Tierh\u00E4ute (auch als \u201EBl\u00F6\u00DFe\u201C bezeichnet) aufgespannt eine Lufttrocknung. Hierin unterscheidet sich diese Form der Behandlung von Tierhaut vom Gerben."@de , "Parchment is a writing material made from specially prepared untanned skins of animals\u2014primarily sheep, calves, and goats. It has been used as a writing medium for over two millennia. Vellum is a finer quality parchment made from the skins of young animals such as lambs and young calves. It may be called animal membrane by libraries and museums that wish to avoid distinguishing between parchment and the more-restricted term vellum (see below)."@en , "\u7F8A\u76AE\u7D19\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u88FD\u4F5C\u66F8\u672C\u6216\u63D0\u4F9B\u66F8\u5BEB\u7684\u6750\u6599\uFF0C\u7531\u7F8A\u76AE\u6216\u5C0F\u725B\u76AE\u4E3A\u539F\u6599\u5236\u6210\u3002\u516C\u5143\u524D170\u5E74\u5DE6\u53F3\uFF0C\u5B89\u7D0D\u6258\u5229\u4E9E\u53E4\u570B\u5E15\u52A0\u99AC\uFF08Pergamon\uFF09\u7684\u570B\u738B\u6B50\u9081\u5C3C\u65AF\u4E8C\u4E16\u7387\u5148\u4F7F\u7528\u7F8A\u76AE\u7D19\u3002\u7F8A\u76AE\u7D93\u77F3\u7070\u8655\u7406\uFF0C\u526A\u53BB\u7F8A\u6BDB\uFF0C\u518D\u7528\u6D6E\u77F3\u8EDF\u5316\uFF0C\u4FBF\u6210\u4E86\u9019\u7A2E\u65B0\u7684\u66F8\u5BEB\u6750\u6599\u3002\u7F8A\u76AE\u7D19\u7684\u82F1\u6587\u540D\u7A31\u201Cparchment\u201D\u5C31\u662F\u7531\u9019\u500B\u57CE\u5E02\u7684\u540D\u5B57\u800C\u6765\u7684\u3002\u628A\u9019\u4E9B\u7F8A\u76AE\u8A02\u6210\u5C0F\u518A\u5B50\uFF0C\u7A31\u70BA\u624B\u6284\u672C\uFF0C\u518D\u5408\u8A02\u6210\u518A\uFF0C\u4F7F\u6210\u70BA\u7559\u50B3\u5F8C\u4E16\u7684\u7F8A\u76AE\u5178\u7C4D\u3002\u6B64\u5F8C\uFF0C\u624B\u7A3F\u4E00\u76F4\u4F7F\u7528\u7F8A\u76AE\u7D19\u3002 \u7F8A\u76AE\u7D19\u4E4B\u6240\u4EE5\u6703\u9010\u6F38\u53D6\u4EE3\u838E\u8349\u7D19\u7684\u539F\u56E0\u5728\u65BC\uFF0C\u5B83\u5169\u9762\u90FD\u80FD\u66F8\u5BEB\uFF08\u838E\u8349\u7D19\u8F03\u7C97\u7CD9\u7684\u90A3\u4E00\u9762\u901A\u5E38\u4E0D\u6703\u62FF\u4F86\u66F8\u5BEB\u6587\u5B57\uFF0C\u4E14\u6709\u52A9\u65BC\u9632\u6B62\u58A8\u6C34\u6EF2\u900F\u7D19\u5F35\uFF09\uFF0C\u800C\u4E14\u80FD\u5920\u8B93\u9D5D\u6BDB\u7B46\u7684\u66F8\u5BEB\u5448\u73FE\u98FD\u6EFF\u7684\u8272\u5F69\uFF0C\u62FF\u4F86\u647A\u6210\u66F8\u672C\u4E5F\u6C92\u6709\u554F\u984C\u3002\u552F\u4E00\u554F\u984C\u662F\u5B83\u76F8\u7576\u6602\u8CB4\uFF0C\u88FD\u4F5C\u4E5F\u6BD4\u8F03\u8017\u6642\u8017\u5DE5\u3002 \u6700\u597D\u7684\u7F8A\u76AE\u7D19\u7A31\u505A\uFF08vellum\uFF09\uFF0C\u5F80\u5F80\u88AB\u62FF\u4F86\u6284\u5BEB\u6700\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u66F8\u7C4D\u3002"@zh , "\u7F8A\u76AE\u7D19\uFF08\u3088\u3046\u3072\u3057\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E: parchment, vellum\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u52D5\u7269\u306E\u76AE\u3092\u52A0\u5DE5\u3057\u3066\u7B46\u5199\u306E\u6750\u6599\u3068\u3057\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3002\u306A\u304A\u7D19\u3068\u4ED8\u304F\u3082\u306E\u306E\u3001\u72ED\u7FA9\u306E\u7D19\u3067\u306F\u306A\u3044\u3002\u7D19\u306E\u666E\u53CA\u4EE5\u524D\u306B\u30D1\u30D4\u30EB\u30B9\u3068\u540C\u6642\u306B\u4F7F\u308F\u308C\u3001\u30D1\u30D4\u30EB\u30B9\u306E\u5165\u624B\u56F0\u96E3\u306A\u571F\u5730\u3067\u306F\u30D1\u30D4\u30EB\u30B9\u306E\u4EE3\u308F\u308A\u306B\u7F8A\u76AE\u7D19\u3084\u305D\u306E\u4ED6\u306E\u6750\u6599\u3092\u4F7F\u3063\u305F\u3002"@ja , "El pergam\u00ED \u00E9s un material fet a partir de la pell de vaca, ovella, cabrapolida especialment per a poder escriure-hi a sobre. La pell segueix un proc\u00E9s d'eliminaci\u00F3 del p\u00E8l, adobat i estirament per tal d'aconseguir les l\u00E0mines amb les quals s'elaboraven els llibres o els rotlles a l'Edat Antiga i l'Edat Mitjana. Fou el principal material sobre el que s'elaboraven documents a l'Europa Occidental fins a l'arribada i popularitzaci\u00F3 del paper. Era una mat\u00E8ria s\u00F2lida i flexible que permetia esborrar rascant f\u00E0cilment el que hi havia escrit per poder reutilitzar-ho, el que s'anomena palimpsest."@ca , "\uC591\uD53C\uC9C0(\u7F8A\u76AE\u7D19)\uB294 \uC591\uC758 \uAC00\uC8FD\uC744 \uC53B\uC5B4 \uB298\uC778 \uB2E4\uC74C \uC11D\uD68C\uB85C \uCC98\uB9AC\uD558\uC5EC \uAC74\uC870 \uD45C\uBC31\uD55C \uAE00\uC528\uB97C \uC4F0\uAE30 \uC704\uD55C \uC7AC\uB8CC\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774\uC9D1\uD2B8\uC5D0\uC11C \uD30C\uD53C\uB8E8\uC2A4\uC758 \uC218\uCD9C\uC774 \uC81C\uD55C\uB418\uC5C8\uC744 \uB54C \uD398\uB974\uAC00\uBAAC\uC5D0\uC11C \uC8FC\uB85C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uC600\uC73C\uBA70, \uC911\uC138 \uC720\uB7FD\uC5D0\uC11C \uB9CE\uC774 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uC600\uB2E4."@ko , "Pergaminoa idazteko edo liburuak josteko prestatu den abere-larrua larru-papera da. Pergaminoa K.a. II. mende inguruan asmatu zen; aurretik ere erabili zen larrua idazteko, baina orduan hasi ziren teknika eta trataera berriak erabiltzen, orriaren bi aldeetan idazten eta bildukinak egin beharrean pergaminozko kodizeak edo liburuak egiten. X. mendetik mendebalean papera erabiltzen hasi zen arte, XIV. mende ingurua arte, idazteko gehien erabili zen gaia izan zen."@eu , "Pergamin \u2013 (pod\u0142o\u017Ce, na kt\u00F3rym mo\u017Cna pisa\u0107) wyrabiany ze sk\u00F3r zwierz\u0119cych. Wytwarzanie pergaminu zwano pergaminnictwem. Pergamin wypar\u0142 rozpowszechniony wcze\u015Bniej papirus stosowany w staro\u017Cytno\u015Bci i by\u0142 g\u0142\u00F3wnym materia\u0142em pisarskim w Europie i na Bliskim Wschodzie przez ca\u0142y okres \u015Bredniowiecza, po czym zosta\u0142 skutecznie wyparty przez papier. U\u017Cywano go r\u00F3wnie\u017C jako materia\u0142u pokryciowego do opraw ksi\u0105\u017Cek. Pergamin to r\u00F3wnie\u017C potoczna nazwa papieru pergaminowego."@pl , "\u0628\u0631\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Parchment)\u200F \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062C\u0644\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649\u060C \u0648\u064A\u062A\u0645 \u062A\u0635\u0646\u064A\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062E\u0635\u064A\u0635\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u064A \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u062A\u062D\u0645\u0644\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062F\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064A\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628. \u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0644\u0648\u062F \u062A\u0646\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060C \u0648\u064A\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062C\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0631\u064A\u060C \u062B\u0645 \u062A\u062F\u062E\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0646\u0638\u064A\u0641 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062D\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062F\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0644\u062F \u0648\u062A\u0643\u0634\u0637 \u0648\u062A\u063A\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u062A\u0634\u062F \u0648\u062A\u062C\u0641\u0641 \u0648\u062A\u062F\u0639\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062A\u0639\u0648\u064A\u0630\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0639\u064F\u0631\u0641\u062A \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u062F\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062C\u0644\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0644\u0648\u062F \u062A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062B\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062F\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0648\u0641\u064A \u062A\u062C\u0644\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0628\u060C \u0648\u0623\u063A\u0637\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064A\u062D\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0641\u0648\u0641. \u0648\u062C\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064A\u0631\u063A\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064A\u0631\u063A\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0645\u060C \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064A\u0639\u062A\u0642\u062F \u0628\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0630\u064A \u062C\u0648\u062F\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629\u060C \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063A\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F\u0647 \u064A\u0631\u062C\u0639"@ar , "\u0397 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03BC\u03B7\u03BD\u03AE \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C5\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C3\u03B5\u03BB\u03AF\u03B4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B2\u03B9\u03B2\u03BB\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5, \u03BA\u03CE\u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1 \u03AE \u03C7\u03B5\u03B9\u03C1\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03AC\u03C6\u03BF\u03C5, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03C5\u03AC\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03B4\u03AD\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1 \u03BC\u03CC\u03C3\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5, \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03B2\u03AC\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03AE \u03B1\u03AF\u03B3\u03B1\u03C2. \u03A3\u03CD\u03BC\u03C6\u03C9\u03BD\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B8\u03AD\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03B9\u03C7\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1, \u03AC\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9\u03C3\u03B5 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD 2\u03BF \u03B1\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C0.\u03A7., \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03B8\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03AC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03B4\u03C5\u03C3\u03B5\u03CD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C4\u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03BA\u03C1\u03B9\u03B2\u03CC \u03C0\u03AC\u03C0\u03C5\u03C1\u03BF, \u03B7 \u03B4\u03B5 \u03C7\u03C1\u03AE\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B5\u03C4\u03AD\u03BB\u03B5\u03C3\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C6\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03AE \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03B5\u03B9\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B5\u03BE\u03AD\u03BB\u03B9\u03BE\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03AE\u03C2."@el , "Pergament \u00E4r ett skrivmaterial, framst\u00E4llt av djurskinn. Detta genom att h\u00E5r och k\u00F6ttrester avl\u00E4gsnas fr\u00E5n skinnet som d\u00E4refter slipas och skrapas tills det \u00E4r lagom tjockt."@sv , "\u041F\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0301\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442, \u0440\u0456\u0434\u0448\u0435 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0301\u043C\u0435\u043D (\u043D\u0456\u043C. Pergament, \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0446. \u03A0\u03AD\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03BC\u03BF\u03BD \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043C \u0443 \u041C\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0456\u0457, \u0434\u0435 \u0432 \u0406\u0406 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u0456 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435. \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442) \u2014 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u0438\u0441\u044C\u043C\u0430 \u0437 \u043D\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0448\u043A\u0456\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043D (\u0434\u043E \u0432\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u043F\u0430\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0443). \u0422\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441 \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0456."@uk , "Seithe ainmh\u00ED (caora, gabhar n\u00F3 lao, de ghn\u00E1th), glanta ach gan s\u00FAdaireacht d\u00E9anta uirthi, a shaothraigh na Gr\u00E9agaigh sa 2\u00FA c\u00E9ad RC mar mhe\u00E1n scr\u00EDofa. \u00DAs\u00E1ideadh \u00E9 in Eoraip na Me\u00E1naoise roimh thabhairt isteach an ph\u00E1ip\u00E9ir \u00F3n tS\u00EDn, i gcomhair c\u00E1ip\u00E9is\u00ED is, n\u00EDos d\u00E9ana\u00ED, leabhar cl\u00F3bhuailte. Inniu \u00FAs\u00E1idtear \u00E9 i gcomhair c\u00E1ip\u00E9is\u00ED cuimhneach\u00E1in is \u00F3c\u00E1id\u00ED t\u00E1bhachtacha eile. Is p\u00E1r m\u00EDn p\u00E1r d'ardchaighde\u00E1n le c\u00F3iri\u00FA m\u00EDn."@ga , "El pergamino (del lat\u00EDn tard\u00EDo pergam\u012Bnum, y este del griego bizantino pergam\u0113n\u1E17; literalmente \u2018de P\u00E9rgamo\u2019, porque en esta ciudad se preparaban las pieles para escribir) es un material hecho a partir de la piel de cordero o de otros animales, especialmente fabricado para poder escribir sobre \u00E9l. La piel sigue un proceso de eliminaci\u00F3n de la epidermis y la hipodermis, dejando solo la dermis,\u200B y de estiramiento, al final del cual se consiguen las hojas con las que se elabora un libro, una filacteria o los rollos que se conoc\u00EDan de la Antig\u00FCedad."@es , "Pergameno estas felo (\u0109efe de \u015Dafo) preparita por skribado."@eo ; rdfs:seeAlso dbr:Purple_parchment , , dbr:Gevil . @prefix foaf: . dbr:Parchment foaf:depiction , , , , , . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix dbc: . dbr:Parchment dcterms:subject dbc:Leather_goods , dbc:Writing_media , dbc:Book_design , dbc:Textual_scholarship ; dbo:wikiPageID 23336 ; dbo:wikiPageRevisionID 1118775927 ; dbo:wikiPageWikiLink , dbr:Bava_Batra , dbr:Sheep , dbr:Jews , dbr:Rossano_Gospels , dbr:Gevil , dbc:Leather_goods , dbr:Stillbirth , dbr:Paper , dbr:Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt , , dbr:Hamlet , dbr:Codex_Argenteus , , dbr:Archivist , dbr:DNA , , dbr:Old_French , dbr:Tefilin , dbc:Writing_media , dbr:Intestines , dbr:Alkaline , dbr:Assyria , dbr:Chromium , dbr:Sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt , dbr:Aqueous_solutions , dbr:Papyrus , , dbr:Polymerase_chain_reaction , dbr:Codex_Brixianus , , dbr:Religious , dbr:Scribe , dbr:Silicone , dbr:Collagen , dbr:Library_of_Pergamum , dbr:Rabbinic_literature , dbr:Cow , dbr:Pumice , dbr:Kosher , dbr:Heriot-Watt_University , dbr:Foetus , dbc:Book_design , dbr:Twelfth_dynasty_of_Egypt , dbr:Radiocarbon_dating , dbr:Klaf , dbr:Hellenistic_period , dbr:Ramses_II , , dbr:Writing_material , dbr:Librarian , dbr:Torah , dbr:Anatolia , , , , dbr:Manuscript_culture , dbr:Goat , dbr:Middle_Ages , dbr:Sausage_casing , dbr:Purple_vellum , dbr:William_Horman , dbr:Vienna_Genesis , dbr:Latin , dbr:Cairo_Museum , dbr:Stockholm_Codex_Aureus , dbr:Parchment_repair , dbr:Printing , dbr:Babylonians , dbr:Revelation_at_Sinai , dbr:Sulfuric_acid , dbr:Papers_of_the_Bibliographical_Society_of_America , dbr:Alexandria , dbr:Pliny_the_Elder , dbr:Codex_Vercellensis , , dbr:Cennino_Cennini , , dbr:Journal_of_the_American_Oriental_Society , dbr:Library_of_Alexandria , dbr:Fluorine , dbr:Palimpsest , dbr:Pergamon , dbr:Renaissance , dbr:Nile_delta , dbr:Herodotus , dbr:David_Diringer , dbr:Lexicographer , dbr:Israel , dbc:Textual_scholarship , dbr:Gutenberg_Bible , dbr:Blade , dbr:Calligrapher , dbr:Conservation_and_restoration_of_parchment , , dbr:Whole_genome_sequencing , dbr:Skinning , dbr:Sinope_Gospels , dbr:Edward_Johnston , dbr:William_Shakespeare , dbr:Talmud , dbr:Vellum , dbr:Johannes_Trithemius , dbr:British_Museum , dbr:Samuel_Johnson , dbr:Dead_Sea_Scrolls , dbr:Cuneiform , , dbr:Mezuzah , dbr:Rabbi , dbr:Tefillin , dbr:Sefer_Torah , dbr:Conservator-restorer , . @prefix ns8: . dbr:Parchment dbo:wikiPageExternalLink ns8:ancientskinsparc0000reed , , , , , , ns8:papermakinghisto0000hunt ; owl:sameAs , , , , . @prefix ns9: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs ns9:Pergaments , . @prefix dbpedia-br: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-br:Parch , , . @prefix dbpedia-nn: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-nn:Pergament . @prefix dbpedia-fi: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-fi:Pergamentti . @prefix dbpedia-oc: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-oc:Pergamin . @prefix dbpedia-hu: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-hu:Pergamen . @prefix dbpedia-sl: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-sl:Pergament , , . @prefix dbpedia-it: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-it:Pergamena , . @prefix ns17: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs ns17:Pergamentas , , . @prefix dbpedia-simple: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-simple:Parchment . @prefix ns19: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs ns19:Pergament . @prefix dbpedia-id: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-id:Perkamen . @prefix dbpedia-fr: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-fr:Parchemin . @prefix ns22: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs ns22:Pirgamena . @prefix dbpedia-io: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-io:Pergameno , , . @prefix dbpedia-es: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-es:Pergamino , . @prefix dbpedia-da: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-da:Pergament , , . @prefix ns26: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs ns26:Pergament . @prefix dbpedia-az: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-az:Perqament . @prefix dbpedia-no: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-no:Pergament . @prefix dbpedia-sq: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-sq:Pergamenti , , , , , , . @prefix dbpedia-cs: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-cs:Pergamen . @prefix dbpedia-ro: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-ro:Pergament , , . @prefix wikidata: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs wikidata:Q226697 . @prefix dbpedia-pt: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-pt:Pergaminho . @prefix dbpedia-fy: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-fy:Perkamint . @prefix dbpedia-hr: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-hr:Pergament . @prefix dbpedia-ms: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-ms:Kertas_kulit . @prefix dbpedia-eo: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-eo:Pergameno , . @prefix dbpedia-sv: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-sv:Pergament , . @prefix dbpedia-eu: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-eu:Pergamino , , , . @prefix dbpedia-commons: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-commons:Parchment . @prefix dbpedia-sh: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-sh:Pergament . @prefix dbpedia-pl: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-pl:Pergamin , . @prefix dbpedia-nl: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-nl:Perkament . @prefix dbpedia-de: . dbr:Parchment owl:sameAs dbpedia-de:Pergament , . @prefix dbp: . @prefix dbt: . dbr:Parchment dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate dbt:Div_col , dbt:Div_col_end , dbt:Other_uses , dbt:Cite_book , dbt:Cite_journal , dbt:Cite_web , dbt:Sfn , dbt:Main , dbt:Better_source_needed , dbt:Short_description , dbt:Wikisource1911Enc , dbt:Blockquote , dbt:In_lang , dbt:Reflist , dbt:Not_a_typo , dbt:Unreferenced_section , dbt:Authority_control , dbt:See_also , dbt:Commons_category-inline ; dbo:thumbnail ; dbo:abstract "\u041F\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0301\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442 (\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043F\u043E \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0301\u043C\u0435\u043D; \u043D\u0435\u043C. Pergament, \u043E\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03A0\u03AD\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03BC\u03BF\u03BD, \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043C\u043E\u043D) \u2014 \u0438\u0437 \u043D\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0451\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u044B\u0440\u043E\u043C\u044F\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u0436\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 (\u0434\u043E \u0438\u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0431\u0443\u043C\u0430\u0433\u0438). \u0422\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043C \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0435."@ru , "\u041F\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0301\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442, \u0440\u0456\u0434\u0448\u0435 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0301\u043C\u0435\u043D (\u043D\u0456\u043C. Pergament, \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0446. \u03A0\u03AD\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03BC\u03BF\u03BD \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043C \u0443 \u041C\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0456\u0457, \u0434\u0435 \u0432 \u0406\u0406 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u0456 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435. \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442) \u2014 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u0438\u0441\u044C\u043C\u0430 \u0437 \u043D\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0448\u043A\u0456\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043D (\u0434\u043E \u0432\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u043F\u0430\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0443). \u0422\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0438\u0441 \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0456."@uk , "Pergamin \u2013 (pod\u0142o\u017Ce, na kt\u00F3rym mo\u017Cna pisa\u0107) wyrabiany ze sk\u00F3r zwierz\u0119cych. Wytwarzanie pergaminu zwano pergaminnictwem. Pergamin wypar\u0142 rozpowszechniony wcze\u015Bniej papirus stosowany w staro\u017Cytno\u015Bci i by\u0142 g\u0142\u00F3wnym materia\u0142em pisarskim w Europie i na Bliskim Wschodzie przez ca\u0142y okres \u015Bredniowiecza, po czym zosta\u0142 skutecznie wyparty przez papier. U\u017Cywano go r\u00F3wnie\u017C jako materia\u0142u pokryciowego do opraw ksi\u0105\u017Cek. Pergamin to r\u00F3wnie\u017C potoczna nazwa papieru pergaminowego. Pergamin (membrana, pergamena, charta pergamena) jest wytwarzany ze sk\u00F3ry zwierz\u0119cej. W staro\u017Cytno\u015Bci s\u0142u\u017Cy\u0142 przewa\u017Cnie do produkcji ma\u0142ych bloczk\u00F3w zast\u0119puj\u0105cych tabliczki. Rozpowszechnienie jego u\u017Cycia by\u0142o zwi\u0105zane z pojawieniem si\u0119 kodeksu. Tego surowca u\u017Cywano ju\u017C w II w. p.n.e. w Egipcie "@pl , "Parchment is a writing material made from specially prepared untanned skins of animals\u2014primarily sheep, calves, and goats. It has been used as a writing medium for over two millennia. Vellum is a finer quality parchment made from the skins of young animals such as lambs and young calves. It may be called animal membrane by libraries and museums that wish to avoid distinguishing between parchment and the more-restricted term vellum (see below)."@en , "Pergament ist eine nicht gegerbte, nur leicht bearbeitete Tierhaut, die seit dem Altertum unter anderem als Beschreibstoff verwendet wird. Pergament ist damit ein Vorl\u00E4ufer des Papiers. Pergament wird meist aus H\u00E4uten von K\u00E4lbern, Ziegen oder Schafen hergestellt. Hierbei erfahren die geweichten und enthaarten Tierh\u00E4ute (auch als \u201EBl\u00F6\u00DFe\u201C bezeichnet) aufgespannt eine Lufttrocknung. Hierin unterscheidet sich diese Form der Behandlung von Tierhaut vom Gerben. Pergamentpapier ist Papier aus Zellstoff und daher nicht mit Pergament aus Tierh\u00E4uten zu verwechseln. Es wird aber oft f\u00E4lschlich als Pergament bezeichnet."@de , "\uC591\uD53C\uC9C0(\u7F8A\u76AE\u7D19)\uB294 \uC591\uC758 \uAC00\uC8FD\uC744 \uC53B\uC5B4 \uB298\uC778 \uB2E4\uC74C \uC11D\uD68C\uB85C \uCC98\uB9AC\uD558\uC5EC \uAC74\uC870 \uD45C\uBC31\uD55C \uAE00\uC528\uB97C \uC4F0\uAE30 \uC704\uD55C \uC7AC\uB8CC\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774\uC9D1\uD2B8\uC5D0\uC11C \uD30C\uD53C\uB8E8\uC2A4\uC758 \uC218\uCD9C\uC774 \uC81C\uD55C\uB418\uC5C8\uC744 \uB54C \uD398\uB974\uAC00\uBAAC\uC5D0\uC11C \uC8FC\uB85C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uC600\uC73C\uBA70, \uC911\uC138 \uC720\uB7FD\uC5D0\uC11C \uB9CE\uC774 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uC600\uB2E4."@ko , "Pergament \u00E4r ett skrivmaterial, framst\u00E4llt av djurskinn. Detta genom att h\u00E5r och k\u00F6ttrester avl\u00E4gsnas fr\u00E5n skinnet som d\u00E4refter slipas och skrapas tills det \u00E4r lagom tjockt."@sv , "Un parchemin est une peau d'animal, g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement de mouton, parfois de ch\u00E8vre ou de veau, qui est appr\u00EAt\u00E9e sp\u00E9cialement pour servir de support \u00E0 l'\u00E9criture. Par extension, il en est venu \u00E0 d\u00E9signer aussi tout document \u00E9crit sur ce type de support. Il peut aussi \u00EAtre utilis\u00E9 en peinture, en reliure, dans la facture instrumentale de certains instruments (tambours, grosses caisses) et dans la gainerie d'ameublement. Succ\u00E9dant au papyrus, principal m\u00E9dium de l'\u00E9criture en Occident jusqu'au VIIe si\u00E8cle, le parchemin a \u00E9t\u00E9 abondamment utilis\u00E9 durant tout le Moyen \u00C2ge pour les manuscrits et les chartes, jusqu'\u00E0 ce qu'il soit \u00E0 son tour d\u00E9tr\u00F4n\u00E9 par le papier. Son usage persista par la suite de fa\u00E7on plus restreinte, \u00E0 cause de son co\u00FBt tr\u00E8s \u00E9lev\u00E9."@fr , "\u7F8A\u76AE\u7D19\uFF08\u3088\u3046\u3072\u3057\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E: parchment, vellum\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u52D5\u7269\u306E\u76AE\u3092\u52A0\u5DE5\u3057\u3066\u7B46\u5199\u306E\u6750\u6599\u3068\u3057\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3002\u306A\u304A\u7D19\u3068\u4ED8\u304F\u3082\u306E\u306E\u3001\u72ED\u7FA9\u306E\u7D19\u3067\u306F\u306A\u3044\u3002\u7D19\u306E\u666E\u53CA\u4EE5\u524D\u306B\u30D1\u30D4\u30EB\u30B9\u3068\u540C\u6642\u306B\u4F7F\u308F\u308C\u3001\u30D1\u30D4\u30EB\u30B9\u306E\u5165\u624B\u56F0\u96E3\u306A\u571F\u5730\u3067\u306F\u30D1\u30D4\u30EB\u30B9\u306E\u4EE3\u308F\u308A\u306B\u7F8A\u76AE\u7D19\u3084\u305D\u306E\u4ED6\u306E\u6750\u6599\u3092\u4F7F\u3063\u305F\u3002"@ja , "El pergamino (del lat\u00EDn tard\u00EDo pergam\u012Bnum, y este del griego bizantino pergam\u0113n\u1E17; literalmente \u2018de P\u00E9rgamo\u2019, porque en esta ciudad se preparaban las pieles para escribir) es un material hecho a partir de la piel de cordero o de otros animales, especialmente fabricado para poder escribir sobre \u00E9l. La piel sigue un proceso de eliminaci\u00F3n de la epidermis y la hipodermis, dejando solo la dermis,\u200B y de estiramiento, al final del cual se consiguen las hojas con las que se elabora un libro, una filacteria o los rollos que se conoc\u00EDan de la Antig\u00FCedad. El origen de su nombre es la ciudad de P\u00E9rgamo, donde se cree que exist\u00EDa una gran productividad de gran calidad, aunque realmente su existencia se remonta a una \u00E9poca anterior a la ciudad de P\u00E9rgamo.\u200B En la actualidad se considera que entre los manuscritos m\u00E1s antiguos en pergamino que se conservan est\u00E1 el Rollo de Isa\u00EDas o 1Qlsa (tambi\u00E9n llamado el Gran Rollo de Isa\u00EDas), datado entre el a\u00F1o 150 y el 100 a. C."@es , "\u0628\u0631\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Parchment)\u200F \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062C\u0644\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649\u060C \u0648\u064A\u062A\u0645 \u062A\u0635\u0646\u064A\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062E\u0635\u064A\u0635\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u064A \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u062A\u062D\u0645\u0644\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062F\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064A\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628. \u0642\u0644 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\u0648\u062A\u062F\u0639\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062A\u0639\u0648\u064A\u0630\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0639\u064F\u0631\u0641\u062A \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u062F\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062C\u0644\u0648\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0644\u0648\u062F \u062A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062B\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062F\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0648\u0641\u064A \u062A\u062C\u0644\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0628\u060C \u0648\u0623\u063A\u0637\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064A\u062D\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0641\u0648\u0641. \u0648\u062C\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064A\u0631\u063A\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064A\u0631\u063A\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0645\u060C \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064A\u0639\u062A\u0642\u062F \u0628\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0630\u064A \u062C\u0648\u062F\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629\u060C \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063A\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F\u0647 \u064A\u0631\u062C\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064A\u0631\u063A\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646."@ar , "Pergameno estas felo (\u0109efe de \u015Dafo) preparita por skribado."@eo , "\u0397 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03BC\u03B7\u03BD\u03AE \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C5\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C3\u03B5\u03BB\u03AF\u03B4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B2\u03B9\u03B2\u03BB\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5, \u03BA\u03CE\u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1 \u03AE \u03C7\u03B5\u03B9\u03C1\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03AC\u03C6\u03BF\u03C5, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03C5\u03AC\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03B4\u03AD\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1 \u03BC\u03CC\u03C3\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5, \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03B2\u03AC\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03AE \u03B1\u03AF\u03B3\u03B1\u03C2. \u03A3\u03CD\u03BC\u03C6\u03C9\u03BD\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B8\u03AD\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03B9\u03C7\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1, \u03AC\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9\u03C3\u03B5 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD 2\u03BF \u03B1\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C0.\u03A7., \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03B8\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03AC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03B4\u03C5\u03C3\u03B5\u03CD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C4\u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03BA\u03C1\u03B9\u03B2\u03CC \u03C0\u03AC\u03C0\u03C5\u03C1\u03BF, \u03B7 \u03B4\u03B5 \u03C7\u03C1\u03AE\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B5\u03C4\u03AD\u03BB\u03B5\u03C3\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C6\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03AE \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03B5\u03B9\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B5\u03BE\u03AD\u03BB\u03B9\u03BE\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03AE\u03C2."@el , "Perkament, ook als verfijnde vorm: velijn, vellum, is een dun papierachtig materiaal, gemaakt van huid van kalveren, koeien, geiten, schapen, konijnen of ezels. Perkament is naar de stad Pergamon uit de klassieke oudheid genoemd, in het huidige Turkije. Het is daar niet uitgevonden, maar wel verbeterd. Perkament is vooral bekend als schrijfmateriaal voor handschriften."@nl , "La pergamena, detta anche cartapecora o carta pecudina, \u00E8 una membrana ricavata dalla pelle di animale (agnello o vitello) non conciata e composta di collagene. Presenta una struttura coriacea ed elastica, per cui il degrado non avviene frequentemente. Fu utilizzata come supporto scrittorio fino al XIV secolo, quando venne gradatamente soppiantata dalla carta di canapa o d'altre fibre tessili. Oggi \u00E8 ancora utilizzata come materiale di legatura."@it , "Perkamen adalah media untuk menulis yang dibuat dari . Yang biasa dipakai ialah kulit sapi, kambing, biri-biri, domba, dan keledai. Perkamen digunakan sebagai halaman dalam sebuah buku, kodeks atau naskah. Perkamen berbeda dengan kulit yang dipakai sebagai bahan. Meski perkamen dalam proses pembuatannya direndam di dalam air kapur, perkamen tidak disamak. Sehingga perkamen peka terhadap kelembaban udara dan tidak tahan air."@in , "Seithe ainmh\u00ED (caora, gabhar n\u00F3 lao, de ghn\u00E1th), glanta ach gan s\u00FAdaireacht d\u00E9anta uirthi, a shaothraigh na Gr\u00E9agaigh sa 2\u00FA c\u00E9ad RC mar mhe\u00E1n scr\u00EDofa. \u00DAs\u00E1ideadh \u00E9 in Eoraip na Me\u00E1naoise roimh thabhairt isteach an ph\u00E1ip\u00E9ir \u00F3n tS\u00EDn, i gcomhair c\u00E1ip\u00E9is\u00ED is, n\u00EDos d\u00E9ana\u00ED, leabhar cl\u00F3bhuailte. Inniu \u00FAs\u00E1idtear \u00E9 i gcomhair c\u00E1ip\u00E9is\u00ED cuimhneach\u00E1in is \u00F3c\u00E1id\u00ED t\u00E1bhachtacha eile. Is p\u00E1r m\u00EDn p\u00E1r d'ardchaighde\u00E1n le c\u00F3iri\u00FA m\u00EDn."@ga , "\u7F8A\u76AE\u7D19\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u88FD\u4F5C\u66F8\u672C\u6216\u63D0\u4F9B\u66F8\u5BEB\u7684\u6750\u6599\uFF0C\u7531\u7F8A\u76AE\u6216\u5C0F\u725B\u76AE\u4E3A\u539F\u6599\u5236\u6210\u3002\u516C\u5143\u524D170\u5E74\u5DE6\u53F3\uFF0C\u5B89\u7D0D\u6258\u5229\u4E9E\u53E4\u570B\u5E15\u52A0\u99AC\uFF08Pergamon\uFF09\u7684\u570B\u738B\u6B50\u9081\u5C3C\u65AF\u4E8C\u4E16\u7387\u5148\u4F7F\u7528\u7F8A\u76AE\u7D19\u3002\u7F8A\u76AE\u7D93\u77F3\u7070\u8655\u7406\uFF0C\u526A\u53BB\u7F8A\u6BDB\uFF0C\u518D\u7528\u6D6E\u77F3\u8EDF\u5316\uFF0C\u4FBF\u6210\u4E86\u9019\u7A2E\u65B0\u7684\u66F8\u5BEB\u6750\u6599\u3002\u7F8A\u76AE\u7D19\u7684\u82F1\u6587\u540D\u7A31\u201Cparchment\u201D\u5C31\u662F\u7531\u9019\u500B\u57CE\u5E02\u7684\u540D\u5B57\u800C\u6765\u7684\u3002\u628A\u9019\u4E9B\u7F8A\u76AE\u8A02\u6210\u5C0F\u518A\u5B50\uFF0C\u7A31\u70BA\u624B\u6284\u672C\uFF0C\u518D\u5408\u8A02\u6210\u518A\uFF0C\u4F7F\u6210\u70BA\u7559\u50B3\u5F8C\u4E16\u7684\u7F8A\u76AE\u5178\u7C4D\u3002\u6B64\u5F8C\uFF0C\u624B\u7A3F\u4E00\u76F4\u4F7F\u7528\u7F8A\u76AE\u7D19\u3002 \u7F8A\u76AE\u7D19\u4E4B\u6240\u4EE5\u6703\u9010\u6F38\u53D6\u4EE3\u838E\u8349\u7D19\u7684\u539F\u56E0\u5728\u65BC\uFF0C\u5B83\u5169\u9762\u90FD\u80FD\u66F8\u5BEB\uFF08\u838E\u8349\u7D19\u8F03\u7C97\u7CD9\u7684\u90A3\u4E00\u9762\u901A\u5E38\u4E0D\u6703\u62FF\u4F86\u66F8\u5BEB\u6587\u5B57\uFF0C\u4E14\u6709\u52A9\u65BC\u9632\u6B62\u58A8\u6C34\u6EF2\u900F\u7D19\u5F35\uFF09\uFF0C\u800C\u4E14\u80FD\u5920\u8B93\u9D5D\u6BDB\u7B46\u7684\u66F8\u5BEB\u5448\u73FE\u98FD\u6EFF\u7684\u8272\u5F69\uFF0C\u62FF\u4F86\u647A\u6210\u66F8\u672C\u4E5F\u6C92\u6709\u554F\u984C\u3002\u552F\u4E00\u554F\u984C\u662F\u5B83\u76F8\u7576\u6602\u8CB4\uFF0C\u88FD\u4F5C\u4E5F\u6BD4\u8F03\u8017\u6642\u8017\u5DE5\u3002 \u6700\u597D\u7684\u7F8A\u76AE\u7D19\u7A31\u505A\uFF08vellum\uFF09\uFF0C\u5F80\u5F80\u88AB\u62FF\u4F86\u6284\u5BEB\u6700\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u66F8\u7C4D\u3002"@zh , "Pergaminho (do grego pergam\u00E9ne e do latim pergamina ou pergamena), \u00E9 uma pele de animal, geralmente de cabra, carneiro, cordeiro ou ovelha, preparada para nela se escrever. Designa ainda um suporte de inscri\u00E7\u00E3o de palavras materializada pela escrita. O seu nome lembra o da cidade grega de P\u00E9rgamo, na \u00C1sia Menor, onde se acredita possa ter se originado ou distribu\u00EDdo. Quando feitos de peles delicadas de bezerros ou cordeiros, eram chamados de velino. Estas peles davam um material de escrita fino, macio e claro, usado para documentos e obras importantes. Esse importante suporte da escrita tamb\u00E9m foi largamente utilizado na antiguidade ocidental, em especial na Idade M\u00E9dia, at\u00E9 a descoberta e consequente difus\u00E3o do papel, uma inven\u00E7\u00E3o dos chineses. Nos mosteiros crist\u00E3os eram mantidas bibliotecas de pergaminhos, onde monges letrados no per\u00EDodo se dedicavam \u00E0 c\u00F3pia de manuscritos antigos, devendo-se a essa atividade mon\u00E1stica a sobreviv\u00EAncia e divulga\u00E7\u00E3o dos textos cl\u00E1ssicos da cultura grega e latina no Ocidente, principalmente \u00E0 \u00E9poca do Imp\u00E9rio Bizantino."@pt , "El pergam\u00ED \u00E9s un material fet a partir de la pell de vaca, ovella, cabrapolida especialment per a poder escriure-hi a sobre. La pell segueix un proc\u00E9s d'eliminaci\u00F3 del p\u00E8l, adobat i estirament per tal d'aconseguir les l\u00E0mines amb les quals s'elaboraven els llibres o els rotlles a l'Edat Antiga i l'Edat Mitjana. Fou el principal material sobre el que s'elaboraven documents a l'Europa Occidental fins a l'arribada i popularitzaci\u00F3 del paper. Era una mat\u00E8ria s\u00F2lida i flexible que permetia esborrar rascant f\u00E0cilment el que hi havia escrit per poder reutilitzar-ho, el que s'anomena palimpsest. L'origen del seu nom \u00E9s la ciutat de P\u00E8rgam, on hi havia una gran producci\u00F3 de qualitat d'aquest material. La tradici\u00F3 recollida per Plini a la Hist\u00F2ria Natural (xiii.21), segons un relat atribu\u00EFt a Varr\u00F3 diu que el pergam\u00ED fou introdu\u00EFt a P\u00E8rgam sota patronatge d'\u00C8umenes II, ja que Ptolemeu V havia limitat les exportacions de papir cap a aquell pa\u00EDs per temen\u00E7a que la biblioteca d'aquesta ciutat rivalitz\u00E9s amb la Biblioteca d'Alexandria. Segons afirma un c\u00F2dex de la ciutat de Lucca del segle VIII, l'elaboraci\u00F3 consistia a posar les pells en cal\u00E7 viva durant tres dies, despr\u00E9s s'esbandia amb aigua i es rascaven les dues cares per a retirar les restes de p\u00E8ls i carn que encara hi restessin adherides. Un cop sec es solia tenyir i l'escriba, un cop l'adquiria, el tallava a la mida adequada i l'acaba de polir i reparar els defectes. Durant l'edat mitjana \u00E9s el suport m\u00E9s utilitzat a tota Europa fins que el paper li roba la import\u00E0ncia, ja que \u00E9s molt m\u00E9s barat i f\u00E0cil de produir."@ca , "Pergamen je nevyd\u011Blan\u00E1, p\u0159i nap\u011Bt\u00ED su\u0161en\u00E1 a hlazen\u00E1 zv\u00ED\u0159ec\u00ED k\u016F\u017Ee, v minulosti pou\u017E\u00EDvan\u00E1 jako psac\u00ED materi\u00E1l. Pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 se k\u016F\u017Ee r\u016Fzn\u00FDch dom\u00E1c\u00EDch zv\u00ED\u0159at, nap\u0159. osl\u016F, vep\u0159\u016F, koz, ovc\u00ED nebo hov\u011Bz\u00EDho dobytka, zpravidla mlad\u0161\u00EDch jedinc\u016F, jejich\u017E k\u016F\u017Ee je jemn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED. Je to materi\u00E1l b\u00EDlkovinn\u00E9 povahy (kolagen a elastin). Pergamen z telec\u00ED k\u016F\u017Ee se naz\u00FDv\u00E1 . Pergamen z ov\u010D\u00ED k\u016F\u017Ee znesnad\u0148oval \u00FApravy dokument\u016F."@cs , "Pergaminoa idazteko edo liburuak josteko prestatu den abere-larrua larru-papera da. Pergaminoa K.a. II. mende inguruan asmatu zen; aurretik ere erabili zen larrua idazteko, baina orduan hasi ziren teknika eta trataera berriak erabiltzen, orriaren bi aldeetan idazten eta bildukinak egin beharrean pergaminozko kodizeak edo liburuak egiten. X. mendetik mendebalean papera erabiltzen hasi zen arte, XIV. mende ingurua arte, idazteko gehien erabili zen gaia izan zen. Pergaminoak egiteko ardi, ahuntz edo bigantxa larrua erabiltzen da batez ere; larrua urez bustitzen da eta gero karea ematen zaio ilea aska dadin eta ondoren garbitu, tenkatu eta leundu egiten da. Animalia jaioberrien larruz egindako pergamino leunei izena eman ohi zaie; halakoak ziren antzinakoenak, baina geroago, eskaera handia zela eta, pergamino zabarragoak egiten hasi ziren. XII. mendean pergamino malgu leuna hasi zen erabiltzen berriro. Konstantinoplan purpuraz tindaturiko eta urrez eta zilarrez apaindutako pergaminoak egin ziren; ohitura hori Erdi Arora arte gorde zen."@eu . @prefix gold: . dbr:Parchment gold:hypernym dbr:Material . @prefix prov: . dbr:Parchment prov:wasDerivedFrom . @prefix xsd: . dbr:Parchment dbo:wikiPageLength "29796"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . @prefix wikipedia-en: . dbr:Parchment foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf wikipedia-en:Parchment .