"\u89B3\u5BDF"@ja . "Naturalistic observation, sometimes referred to as fieldwork, is a research methodology in numerous fields of science including ethology, anthropology, linguistics, the social sciences, and psychology, in which data are collected as they occur in nature, without any manipulation by the observer. Examples range from watching an animal's eating patterns in the forest to observing the behavior of students in a school setting. During naturalistic observation, researchers take great care using unobtrusive methods to avoid interfering with the behavior they are observing. Naturalistic observation contrasts with analog observation in an artificial setting that is designed to be an analog of the natural situation, constrained so as to eliminate or control for effects of any variables other than th"@en . . "Naturalistic observation"@en . . . . "Naturalistic observation, sometimes referred to as fieldwork, is a research methodology in numerous fields of science including ethology, anthropology, linguistics, the social sciences, and psychology, in which data are collected as they occur in nature, without any manipulation by the observer. Examples range from watching an animal's eating patterns in the forest to observing the behavior of students in a school setting. During naturalistic observation, researchers take great care using unobtrusive methods to avoid interfering with the behavior they are observing. Naturalistic observation contrasts with analog observation in an artificial setting that is designed to be an analog of the natural situation, constrained so as to eliminate or control for effects of any variables other than those of interest. There is similarity to observational studies in which the independent variable of interest cannot be experimentally controlled for ethical or logistical reasons. Naturalistic observation has both advantages and disadvantages as a research methodology. Observations are more credible because the behavior occurs in a real, typical scenario as opposed to an artificial one generated within a lab. Behavior that could never occur in controlled laboratory environment can lead to new insights. Naturalistic observation also allows for study of events that are deemed unethical to study experimentally, such as the impact of high school shootings on students attending the high school. However, because extraneous variables cannot be controlled as in a laboratory, it is difficult to replicate findings and demonstrate their reliability. In particular, if subjects know they are being observed they may behave differently than otherwise. It may be difficult to generalize findings of naturalistic studies beyond the observed situations."@en . . . . . "\u039C\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C6\u03B1\u03C1\u03BC\u03BF\u03B3\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B1\u03BA\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03C5\u03B8\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03CC\u03C3\u03BF \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u0398\u03B5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BC\u03CE\u03BD \u03CC\u03C3\u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03A3\u03C5\u03BC\u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BC\u03CE\u03BD, \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03AF\u03B8\u03B5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03AE \u03AE \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03BB\u03B5\u03B3\u03CC\u03BC\u03B5\u03BD\u03B7 \u03C6\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03BB\u03BF\u03CD\u03BC\u03B5\u03BD\u03B7 \u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BD\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C1\u03B1\u03BB\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7. \u03A0\u03C1\u03CC\u03BA\u03B5\u03B9\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B5\u03BD\u03CC\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B5\u03B9\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5, \u03AE \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2, \u03AE \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03B2\u03AC\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C5\u03C6\u03AF\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03AE \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03B2\u03B1\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03B2\u03B1\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BC\u03AD\u03C3\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03C6\u03CD\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C7\u03C9\u03C1\u03AF\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03BC\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B5\u03BC\u03B2\u03BF\u03BB\u03AE \u03AE \u03C7\u03B5\u03B9\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03AD\u03C4\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B5\u03BA \u03BC\u03AD\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C4\u03AE - \u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03AE. \u0397 \u03A6\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03C0\u03BB\u03AD\u03BF\u03BD \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B4\u03B5\u03B4\u03BF\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B7 \u03BC\u03AD\u03B8\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B6\u03C9\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C6\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5, \u03B7 \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03BA\u03B1\u03BB\u03CD\u03C0\u03C4\u03B5\u03B9 \u03B9\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03AF\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C5\u03B3\u03BA\u03B9\u03BD\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03AC \u03B4\u03B5\u03B4\u03BF\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03AF\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C6\u03CD\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2. \u0397 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AE \u03B1\u03C0\u03B1\u03B9\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF \u03B9\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03AF\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03BF\u03C7\u03AE \u03B5\u03BA \u03BC\u03AD\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C4\u03AE \u03AD\u03C4\u03C3\u03B9 \u03CE\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5 \u03B7 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B7 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5\u03C1\u03B3\u03AE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BA\u03B1\u03BC\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B5\u03BC\u03B2\u03BF\u03BB\u03AE \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1. \u0395\u03C0\u03B5\u03B9\u03B4\u03AE \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03CC \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B9\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03AF\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1 \u03B4\u03CD\u03C3\u03BA\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C3\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B7 \u03C7\u03C1\u03AE\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BB\u03B5\u03C7\u03B5\u03B9\u03C1\u03B9\u03B6\u03CC\u03BC\u03B5\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD \u03AE \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03BC\u03AD\u03C3\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B8\u03AF\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C4\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03B3\u03BA\u03B1\u03AF\u03B1, \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03B5\u03B3\u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03BB\u03C5\u03BC\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD \u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03C1\u03BF\u03C6\u03CE\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD, \u03C6\u03C9\u03C4\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03AE \u03BC\u03B1\u03B3\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03BF\u03C3\u03BA\u03BF\u03C0\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03C3\u03C5\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03C5\u03CE\u03BD \u03BA.\u03BB\u03C0., \u03B1\u03BD\u03B5\u03BE\u03AC\u03C1\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03AD\u03C4\u03C1\u03C9\u03BD \u03B1\u03BA\u03CC\u03BC\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C3\u03C6\u03B1\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B8\u03B1 \u03C0\u03C1\u03AD\u03C0\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03BB\u03B7\u03C6\u03B8\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD. \u0394\u03B5\u03BD \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03CC\u03BC\u03C9\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C0\u03AC\u03BD\u03B9\u03B5\u03C2 \u03BF\u03B9 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C0\u03C4\u03CE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B5\u03BA\u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03B6\u03B7\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03B7\u03B3\u03BF\u03C5\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03C9\u03C2 \u03B7 \u03B5\u03BE\u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03B5\u03AF\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C4\u03AE \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD\u03BC\u03B5\u03BD\u03BF \u03B6\u03CE\u03BF \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03CC\u03BC\u03C9\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B9\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03AF\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1 \u03C7\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03B2\u03CC\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2, \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03AC\u03B4\u03B5\u03B9\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1 \u03BC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF \u03BD\u03B1 \u03BA\u03AC\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5\u03BB\u03B9\u03C3\u03C3\u03BF\u03BA\u03CC\u03BC\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5\u03BB\u03AF\u03C3\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5. \u0391\u03C0\u03CE\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C3\u03BA\u03BF\u03C0\u03CC\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B8\u03CC\u03B4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03B5\u03BA \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C6\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03CD\u03C8\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B5\u03B3\u03BA\u03C5\u03C1\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BE\u03B9\u03BF\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03B5\u03BE \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B5\u03B4\u03BF\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2, \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u03C4\u03B7 \u03C3\u03CD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03BE\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C7\u03B5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03AC\u03C2. \u0397 \u03A6\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03B1\u03B9\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF \u03B1\u03BA\u03CC\u03BC\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B3\u03B1\u03BB\u03CD\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03BF\u03C7\u03AE \u03B5\u03BA \u03BC\u03AD\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C4\u03AE \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B8\u03B1 \u03C0\u03C1\u03AD\u03C0\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03C3\u03B5\u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF \u03B7\u03B8\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03AD\u03C2, \u03B5\u03B8\u03BD\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1, \u03AD\u03B8\u03B9\u03BC\u03B1, \u03B8\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B8\u03AE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03BA.\u03BB\u03C0., \u03BB\u03B1\u03BC\u03B2\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C0\u03C1\u03CC\u03C3\u03B8\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03C1\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03BC\u03AD\u03C4\u03C1\u03B1. \u0395\u03C0\u03AF \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03C9\u03C0\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BD \u03C0\u03C1\u03CC\u03BA\u03B5\u03B9\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B7\u03B8\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD \u03CC\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03BD\u03B1, \u03C0.\u03C7. \u03BC\u03B1\u03B3\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03CC\u03C6\u03C9\u03BD\u03BF, \u03B2\u03B9\u03BD\u03C4\u03B5\u03BF\u03BA\u03AC\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1 \u03BA.\u03BB\u03C0. \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AC \u03B8\u03B1 \u03C0\u03C1\u03AD\u03C0\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BB\u03C9\u03B8\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03B7\u03B3\u03BF\u03C5\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD\u03BC\u03B5\u03BD\u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9\u03BD\u03AD\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9, \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03C7\u03C1\u03B5\u03C9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03B8\u03B1 \u03C0\u03C1\u03AD\u03C0\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B3\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BC\u03BD\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03C3\u03C7\u03B5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03AC \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2. \u0395\u03BA\u03C0\u03BB\u03B7\u03BA\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C6\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03AE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B6\u03C9\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C6\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B5\u03BD\u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD \u03C3\u03AE\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C0\u03BF\u03C5\u03B4\u03B1\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03BA\u03AD\u03BD\u03C4\u03C1\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B8\u03CE\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C5\u03C0\u03B7\u03C1\u03B5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2, \u03B5\u03BA\u03B4\u03BF\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03AF \u03BF\u03AF\u03BA\u03BF\u03B9 \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03B7 \u0395\u03B8\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u0393\u03B5\u03C9\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03A5\u03C0\u03B7\u03C1\u03B5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u0397\u03A0\u0391 \u03BA.\u03AC. \u03A3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C6\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03AE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BB\u03B1\u03BC\u03B2\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B5\u03BA\u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03C2 \u03AC\u03BC\u03B5\u03C3\u03B5\u03C2 \u03AE \u03AD\u03BC\u03BC\u03B5\u03C3\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0391\u03C3\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2, \u039C\u03B5\u03C4\u03B5\u03C9\u03C1\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2, \u03A9\u03BA\u03B5\u03B1\u03BD\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2, \u03A5\u03B4\u03C1\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2, \u0397\u03C6\u03B1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03B9\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2, \u0393\u03B5\u03C9\u03B8\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2, \u03A3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BA.\u03AC."@el . "1020018157"^^ . . "La observaci\u00F3n naturalista es, en contraste con la , una herramienta de investigaci\u00F3n en la que se observa a un sujeto en su h\u00E1bitat natural sin ninguna manipulaci\u00F3n por parte del observador.\u200B\u200B Durante la observaci\u00F3n naturalista, los investigadores tienen mucho cuidado para evitar interferir con el comportamiento que est\u00E1n observando mediante el uso de m\u00E9todos discretos.\u200B En el contexto de una observaci\u00F3n naturalista, el observador no est\u00E1 manipulando el entorno de ninguna manera, ni fue creado por el observador."@es . . . "Observaci\u00F3n naturalista"@es . "\u03A6\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7"@el . "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 (observation) \u0647\u064A \u0645\u062A\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062F\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062C\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u064A\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062D\u062F\u062B \u0645\u062D\u062F\u062F \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062F \u062C\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062A."@ar . . "La observaci\u00F3n naturalista es, en contraste con la , una herramienta de investigaci\u00F3n en la que se observa a un sujeto en su h\u00E1bitat natural sin ninguna manipulaci\u00F3n por parte del observador.\u200B\u200B Durante la observaci\u00F3n naturalista, los investigadores tienen mucho cuidado para evitar interferir con el comportamiento que est\u00E1n observando mediante el uso de m\u00E9todos discretos.\u200B En el contexto de una observaci\u00F3n naturalista, el observador no est\u00E1 manipulando el entorno de ninguna manera, ni fue creado por el observador. La observaci\u00F3n naturalista, como herramienta de investigaci\u00F3n, tiene ventajas y desventajas que afectan su aplicaci\u00F3n. Simplemente observando en una instancia dada sin ninguna manipulaci\u00F3n en su contexto natural, hace que los comportamientos exhibidos sean m\u00E1s cre\u00EDbles porque est\u00E1n ocurriendo en un escenario real y t\u00EDpico en lugar de uno artificial generado dentro de un laboratorio.\u200B La observaci\u00F3n naturalista tambi\u00E9n permite el estudio de eventos que se consideran poco \u00E9ticos para estudiar a trav\u00E9s de modelos experimentales, como el impacto de los tiroteos en la escuela secundaria en los estudiantes que asisten a la escuela secundaria. La observaci\u00F3n naturalista se usa en muchas t\u00E9cnicas, desde observar los patrones de alimentaci\u00F3n de un animal en el bosque hasta observar el comportamiento de los estudiantes en el entorno escolar.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . . "Beobachtung"@de . . . . . . . . "Die Beobachtung ist die zielgerichtete, aufmerksame Wahrnehmung von Objekten, Ph\u00E4nomenen oder Vorg\u00E4ngen, gegebenenfalls unter Verwendung technischer Hilfsmittel. Im Gegensatz zu Messungen zielen Beobachtungen weniger auf quantitative Erfassung der Objekte als auf qualitative Daten. Beobachtungen werden in fast allen wissenschaftlichen und technischen Disziplinen gemacht. Der vorliegende Artikel behandelt sie f\u00FCr die Bereiche der Naturwissenschaften, der empirischen Sozialforschung und als grundlegende Methode der Erfahrungswissenschaft empirische Grundlage von Daten. Die wissenschaftliche Beobachtung soll objektiv und wiederholbar sein. Systematische, wiederholte und regelm\u00E4\u00DFige Beobachtung ist wesentlicher Bestandteil eines Monitoring. Die Beobachtung als wissenschaftliche Methode ist von der naiven Alltags\u00ADbeobachtung zu unterscheiden: Die Alltagsbeobachtung ist tendenziell subjektiv und bedingt durch unmittelbare Bed\u00FCrfnisse des Beobachters. Hingegen versucht die wissenschaftliche Beobachtung, systematisch und objektiv zu sein. Um diese Systematik zu erreichen, bedarf es eines Beobachtungsplanes und einer Organisation des Beobachtungsprozesses, in denen festgelegt wird, 1. \n* was von wem, wann und wo beobachtet wird, 2. \n* wie das Beobachtete zu protokollieren ist, und 3. \n* ob das Beobachtete und dann in welcher Form interpretiert wird. Unter Umst\u00E4nden sind die Beobachter intensiv zu schulen und vorzubereiten.Sinnvoll sind in jedem Fall systematische Aufzeichnungen, etwa in Form eines Beobachtungsbuches oder in digitaler Form."@de . . . . . "\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 (\u0628\u062D\u062B \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064A)"@ar . . . . "980435"^^ . . . "Die Beobachtung ist die zielgerichtete, aufmerksame Wahrnehmung von Objekten, Ph\u00E4nomenen oder Vorg\u00E4ngen, gegebenenfalls unter Verwendung technischer Hilfsmittel. Im Gegensatz zu Messungen zielen Beobachtungen weniger auf quantitative Erfassung der Objekte als auf qualitative Daten. 1. \n* was von wem, wann und wo beobachtet wird, 2. \n* wie das Beobachtete zu protokollieren ist, und 3. \n* ob das Beobachtete und dann in welcher Form interpretiert wird."@de . "\u039C\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C6\u03B1\u03C1\u03BC\u03BF\u03B3\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B1\u03BA\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03C5\u03B8\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03CC\u03C3\u03BF \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u0398\u03B5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BC\u03CE\u03BD \u03CC\u03C3\u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03A3\u03C5\u03BC\u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BC\u03CE\u03BD, \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03AF\u03B8\u03B5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03AE \u03AE \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03BB\u03B5\u03B3\u03CC\u03BC\u03B5\u03BD\u03B7 \u03C6\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03BB\u03BF\u03CD\u03BC\u03B5\u03BD\u03B7 \u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BD\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C1\u03B1\u03BB\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7. \u03A0\u03C1\u03CC\u03BA\u03B5\u03B9\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B5\u03BD\u03CC\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B5\u03B9\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5, \u03AE \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2, \u03AE \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03B2\u03AC\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C5\u03C6\u03AF\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03AE \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03B2\u03B1\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03B2\u03B1\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03BC\u03AD\u03C3\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03C6\u03CD\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C7\u03C9\u03C1\u03AF\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03BC\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B5\u03BC\u03B2\u03BF\u03BB\u03AE \u03AE \u03C7\u03B5\u03B9\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03AD\u03C4\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B5\u03BA \u03BC\u03AD\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C4\u03AE - \u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03AE."@el . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 (observation) \u0647\u064A \u0645\u062A\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062F\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062C\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u064A\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062D\u062F\u062B \u0645\u062D\u062F\u062F \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062F \u062C\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062A."@ar . "4307"^^ . . . . "\u89B3\u5BDF\uFF08\u304B\u3093\u3055\u3064\u3001\u82F1: observation\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u5BFE\u8C61\u306E\u5B9F\u614B\u3092\u77E5\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u6CE8\u610F\u6DF1\u304F\u898B\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3002\u305D\u306E\u69D8\u5B50\u3092\u898B\u3066\u3001\u305D\u306E\u5909\u5316\u3092\u8A18\u9332\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3002\u3069\u308C\u3060\u3051\u305D\u306E\u5909\u5316\u3092\u898B\u3064\u3051\u3089\u308C\u308B\u304B\u304C\u91CD\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . "\u89B3\u5BDF\uFF08\u304B\u3093\u3055\u3064\u3001\u82F1: observation\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u5BFE\u8C61\u306E\u5B9F\u614B\u3092\u77E5\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u6CE8\u610F\u6DF1\u304F\u898B\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3002\u305D\u306E\u69D8\u5B50\u3092\u898B\u3066\u3001\u305D\u306E\u5909\u5316\u3092\u8A18\u9332\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3002\u3069\u308C\u3060\u3051\u305D\u306E\u5909\u5316\u3092\u898B\u3064\u3051\u3089\u308C\u308B\u304B\u304C\u91CD\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . .