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Moorgate tube crash Σιδηροδρομική καταστροφή του Μούργκεϊτ U-Bahn-Unfall von Moorgate Tunnelbaneolyckan i Moorgate 沼澤門地鐵撞車事故 Catastrophe ferroviaire de Moorgate
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La catastrophe ferroviaire de Moorgate est un accident survenu le 28 février 1975 sur la Northern City Line, dans le métro de Londres. Alors qu'un train arrive à son terminus à la station Moorgate, celui-ci ne s'arrête pas et fonce dans le cul-de-sac à pleine vitesse. Les voitures s'encastrent les unes dans les autres et la motrice de tête est complètement compressée contre le mur du tunnel. On dénombre 43 morts et 74 blessés, ce qui en fait la pire catastrophe survenue dans le métro de Londres en temps de paix. The Moorgate tube crash occurred on 28 February 1975 at 8:46 am on the London Underground's Northern City Line; 43 people died and 74 were injured after a train failed to stop at the line's southern terminus, Moorgate station, and crashed into its end wall. It is considered the worst peacetime accident on the London Underground. No fault was found with the train, and the inquiry by the Department of the Environment concluded that the accident was caused by the actions of Leslie Newson, the 56-year-old driver. Tunnelbaneolyckan i Moorgate inträffade kort efter klockan 08.46 den 28 februari 1975 vid i London i England då ett tunnelbanetåg krockade med en betongvägg i cirka 60 km/t. 43 personer omkom, bland dem föraren, och ytterligare 74 skadades allvarligt. Bei dem U-Bahn-Unfall von Moorgate fuhr am 28. Februar 1975 ein Zug des Highbury Branches der Northern Line, heute die Northern City Line, auf der damals von der London Underground betriebenen Strecke im Tunnel- und Kopfbahnhof Moorgate nahezu ungebremst gegen die Abschlusswand des Tunnelendes, an dem das Gleis endete. 43 Tote und 74 Verletzte waren die Folge. Dies war der schwerste Eisenbahnunfall in der Geschichte der London Underground. 沼澤門地鐵撞車事故（英語：Moorgate tube crash）是一起於1975年2月28日發生在英國倫敦的交通事故，事發時間為該日上午8時46分，地點是的地下隧道內，而該段軌道屬於倫敦地鐵北線的高貝利支線（Highbury Branch）營運路段。當時一列高貝利支線的南下列車直接衝過原本要停靠的沼澤門站月台，並直接衝進隧道末端、撞擊牆壁後造成43人死亡、另外74人受傷，是倫敦地鐵在非戰爭期間死傷人數最多的一樁事故。事後並未發現列車在撞擊前有產生機件故障的情形，環境部（DoE）在調查報告中表示當時的地鐵駕駛員沒有及時降低行車速度、亦沒有準確靠站，而決定肇事原因的證據也不夠充足。 這場致死意外發生後，引入了一套暱稱為「沼澤門防護裝置」（Moorgate protection，見下）、安裝在倫敦地鐵內各個末端路段的設備，可以在駕駛員無法煞車時自動讓列車停下。
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Bei dem U-Bahn-Unfall von Moorgate fuhr am 28. Februar 1975 ein Zug des Highbury Branches der Northern Line, heute die Northern City Line, auf der damals von der London Underground betriebenen Strecke im Tunnel- und Kopfbahnhof Moorgate nahezu ungebremst gegen die Abschlusswand des Tunnelendes, an dem das Gleis endete. 43 Tote und 74 Verletzte waren die Folge. Dies war der schwerste Eisenbahnunfall in der Geschichte der London Underground. The Moorgate tube crash occurred on 28 February 1975 at 8:46 am on the London Underground's Northern City Line; 43 people died and 74 were injured after a train failed to stop at the line's southern terminus, Moorgate station, and crashed into its end wall. It is considered the worst peacetime accident on the London Underground. No fault was found with the train, and the inquiry by the Department of the Environment concluded that the accident was caused by the actions of Leslie Newson, the 56-year-old driver. The crash forced the first carriage into the roof of the tunnel at the front and back, but the middle remained on the trackbed; the 16-metre-long (52 ft) coach was crushed to 6.1 metres (20 ft). The second carriage was concertinaed at the front as it collided with the first, and the third rode over the rear of the second. The brakes were not applied and the dead man's handle was still depressed when the train crashed. The London Fire Brigade, Ambulance Service and City of London Police attended the scene. It took 13 hours to remove the injured, many of whom had to be cut free from the wreckage. With no services running into the adjoining platform to produce the piston effect pushing air into the station, ventilation was poor and temperatures in the tunnel rose to over 49 °C (120 °F). It took a further four days to extract the last body, that of Newson; his cab, normally 91 centimetres (3 ft) deep, had been crushed to 15 centimetres (6 in). The post-mortem on Newson showed no medical reason to explain the crash. A cause has never been established, and theories include suicide, that he may have been distracted, or that he was affected by conditions such as transient global amnesia or akinesis with mutism. The subsequent inquest established that Newson had also inexplicably overshot platforms on the same route on two other occasions earlier in the week of the accident. Tests showed that Newson had a blood alcohol level of 80 mg/100 ml—the level at which one can be prosecuted for drink-driving, though the alcohol may have been produced by the natural decomposition process over four days at a high temperature. In the aftermath of the crash, London Underground introduced a safety system that automatically stops a train when travelling too fast. This became known informally as . Northern City Line services into Moorgate ended in October 1975 and British Rail services started in August 1976. After a long campaign by relatives of the dead, two memorials were unveiled near the station, one in July 2013 and one in February 2014. Tunnelbaneolyckan i Moorgate inträffade kort efter klockan 08.46 den 28 februari 1975 vid i London i England då ett tunnelbanetåg krockade med en betongvägg i cirka 60 km/t. 43 personer omkom, bland dem föraren, och ytterligare 74 skadades allvarligt. La catastrophe ferroviaire de Moorgate est un accident survenu le 28 février 1975 sur la Northern City Line, dans le métro de Londres. Alors qu'un train arrive à son terminus à la station Moorgate, celui-ci ne s'arrête pas et fonce dans le cul-de-sac à pleine vitesse. Les voitures s'encastrent les unes dans les autres et la motrice de tête est complètement compressée contre le mur du tunnel. On dénombre 43 morts et 74 blessés, ce qui en fait la pire catastrophe survenue dans le métro de Londres en temps de paix. Les opérations de secours ont duré six jours au total et ont mobilisé 1324 pompiers de la London Fire Brigade, 240 policiers, 80 ambulanciers, 16 médecins et de nombreux volontaires. Les sauveteurs doivent souvent découper des morceaux de tôle imbriqués pour libérer les passagers pris au piège. Les opérations sont compliqués par la profondeur de la station, l'obscurité et la température élevée qui règnent dans le tunnel. L'enquête a démontré que le train accidenté ne présentait pas de défaillances techniques et a conclu à la responsabilité du conducteur âgé de 56 ans, Leslie Newson. Son autopsie n'a cependant révélé aucun problème de santé et le taux d'alcool prélevé dans son sang — 80 mg/ 100ml, soit le taux maximal autorisé au volant au Royaume-Uni — demeure sujet à controverse, la décomposition du corps pendant la durée des opérations de secours pouvant en être à l'origine. La cause de l'accident demeure donc inconnue à ce jour, certains évoquant l'hypothèse d'un suicide ou bien d'un ictus amnésique ayant paralysé le conducteur. 沼澤門地鐵撞車事故（英語：Moorgate tube crash）是一起於1975年2月28日發生在英國倫敦的交通事故，事發時間為該日上午8時46分，地點是的地下隧道內，而該段軌道屬於倫敦地鐵北線的高貝利支線（Highbury Branch）營運路段。當時一列高貝利支線的南下列車直接衝過原本要停靠的沼澤門站月台，並直接衝進隧道末端、撞擊牆壁後造成43人死亡、另外74人受傷，是倫敦地鐵在非戰爭期間死傷人數最多的一樁事故。事後並未發現列車在撞擊前有產生機件故障的情形，環境部（DoE）在調查報告中表示當時的地鐵駕駛員沒有及時降低行車速度、亦沒有準確靠站，而決定肇事原因的證據也不夠充足。 這場致死意外發生後，引入了一套暱稱為「沼澤門防護裝置」（Moorgate protection，見下）、安裝在倫敦地鐵內各個末端路段的設備，可以在駕駛員無法煞車時自動讓列車停下。
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