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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Military_Units_to_Aid_Production
rdf:type
yago:Abstraction105854150 yago:Abstraction100002137 schema:Place dbo:Place dbo:Location yago:Content105809192 yago:Right105174653 yago:Concept105835747 yago:Cognition100023271 yago:PsychologicalFeature100023100 owl:Thing yago:Idea105833840 dbo:ConcentrationCamp yago:WikicatLGBTRightsInCuba
rdfs:label
Satuan Militer untuk Bantuan Produksi Unidad Militar de Ayuda a la Producción Unidades Militares de Ajuda à Produção Unità militari di aiuto alla produzione Military Units to Aid Production Unité militaire d'aide à la production
rdfs:comment
Military Units to Aid Production or UMAPs (Unidades Militares de Ayuda a la Producción) were agricultural forced labor camps operated by the Cuban government from November 1965 to July 1968 in the province of Camagüey. The UMAP camps served as a form of forced labor for Cubans who could not serve in the military due to being conscientious objectors, Christians and other religious people, LGBT, or political enemies of Fidel Castro or his communist revolution. The language used in the title can be misleading, as pointed out by historian Abel Sierra Madero, "The hybrid structure of work camps cum military units served to camouflage the true objectives of the recruitment effort and to distance the UMAPs from the legacy of forced labor." Le Unità militari di aiuto alla produzione (in spagnolo Unidad Militar de Ayuda a la Producción, UMAP) erano campi di lavoro in attività a Cuba dal novembre 1965 alla metà del 1968. La loro ideazione è attribuita a Fidel Castro e a Raúl Castro. Sarà lo stesso ex presidente Fidel Castro, in una intervista alla direttrice del quotidiano messicano La Jornada. Un pentimento storico che potrebbe aprire le porte a nuovi diritti per gay e lesbiche cubane. As Unidades Militares de Ajuda à Produção (UMAP) foram presídios de trabalhos forçados criados em meados dos anos 1960 pelas autoridades comunistas em Cuba onde homossexuais, lésbicas, cristãos e oponentes da revolução foram internados. Les unités militaires d'aide à la production (en espagnol : Unidades Militares de Ayuda a la Producción, abrégé en UMAP) sont des camps de travail fondés par le gouvernement cubain et mis en place dans les années 1960. Selon les autorités cubaines, ces centres UMAP doivent accueillir les individus qui ne peuvent pas être incorporés dans l'armée, il s'agit d'un service civil. Cela concerne notamment les religieux, antimilitaristes, homosexuels ou opposants politiques. Les UMAP incluaient également des travailleurs volontaires, le travail y étant rémunéré au même titre que le service militaire et permettant de disposer d'un emploi à la sortie. Environ 25 000 personnes y ont travaillé, volontairement pour certaines ou de manière obligatoire pour la majorité. Las Unidades Militares de Ayuda a la Producción (UMAP) fueron campos de trabajos forzados que existieron en Cuba entre 1965 y 1968. Aunque no existen cifras verificables, puede afirmarse que allí estuvieron más de 25.000 hombres, básicamente jóvenes en edad de prestar servicio militar que por diversos motivos se negaban a hacer el servicio militar obligatorio (como por ejemplo miembros de algunas religiones), eran rechazados en las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Cuba o por su homosexualidad «burguesa» tenían que ser «reeducados» por el gobierno revolucionario.​​ Unit Militer untuk Bantuan Produksi atau UMAP (Unidades Militares de Ayuda a la Producción) adalah kamp-kamp buruh pertanian yang dioperasikan oleh pemerintah Kuba dari November 1965 sampai Juli 1968 di provinsi Camagüey. Kamp-kamp UMAP dijadikan sebagai bentuk bagi rakyat Kuba yang tidak bertugas di militer karena tidak memiliki kemampuan yang memungkinkan, homoseksual, atau musuh-musuh politik dari revolusi. Kebanyakan pekerja UMAP adalah orang yang tidak memiliki kemampuan yang memungkinkan untuk bertugas dalam militer. Sebagian kecil atau sekitar 8% sampai 9% adalah pria homoseksual, Saksi-Saksi Yehuwa, Adventis Hari Ketujuh. dan pendeta Protestan, intelektual, petani yang menolak kolektivisasi, serta orang-orang yang dianggap "anti-sosial" atau "kontra-revolusioner." Mantan agen m
dbp:name
Military Units to Aid Production
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dbo:location
dbr:Cuba dbr:Camagüey_Province
dcterms:subject
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dbp:caption
Homosexuals and dissidents imprisoned in a Military Unit to Aid Production in 1967.
dbp:knownFor
Forced labor and torture for ideological opponents and LGBT people
dbp:location
dbr:Camagüey_Province dbr:Cuba
dbp:type
Forced labor camps
dbo:abstract
Les unités militaires d'aide à la production (en espagnol : Unidades Militares de Ayuda a la Producción, abrégé en UMAP) sont des camps de travail fondés par le gouvernement cubain et mis en place dans les années 1960. Selon les autorités cubaines, ces centres UMAP doivent accueillir les individus qui ne peuvent pas être incorporés dans l'armée, il s'agit d'un service civil. Cela concerne notamment les religieux, antimilitaristes, homosexuels ou opposants politiques. Les UMAP incluaient également des travailleurs volontaires, le travail y étant rémunéré au même titre que le service militaire et permettant de disposer d'un emploi à la sortie. Environ 25 000 personnes y ont travaillé, volontairement pour certaines ou de manière obligatoire pour la majorité. L'historien Pierre Rigoulot décrit ces camps comme « destinés aux homosexuels, aux asociaux et aux autres parasites ». Le sociologue Vincent Bloch précise que « l’édification de l’homme nouveau — rêvé par Che Guevara — est le prétexte idéologique du régime tout au long des années 1960 : au nom d’une moralité confuse et incertaine, les hippies, les homosexuels, les témoins de Jéhovah, les artistes idéologiquement « diversionnistes » sont envoyés dans des camps de concentration, appelés Unités militaires d’aide à la production (UMAP). En compagnie des hommes « non fiables » âgés de 18 à 27 ans, que le gouvernement juge imprudent d’initier au maniement des armes dans le cadre du service militaire obligatoire (SMO), ils constituent la catégorie de citoyens dont la conduite est impropre ». Constituées en 1964, les UMAP sont supprimées en 1968. Les UMAP disparaissent mais l'organisation des camps de travail agricole perdure, sans clôtures et miradors, jusqu'au début des années 1990 mais n'ont plus de rapport avec le service militaire des jeunes Cubains. Les UMAP sont aujourd'hui considérées par le gouvernement cubain comme une « erreur irréparable ». Unit Militer untuk Bantuan Produksi atau UMAP (Unidades Militares de Ayuda a la Producción) adalah kamp-kamp buruh pertanian yang dioperasikan oleh pemerintah Kuba dari November 1965 sampai Juli 1968 di provinsi Camagüey. Kamp-kamp UMAP dijadikan sebagai bentuk bagi rakyat Kuba yang tidak bertugas di militer karena tidak memiliki kemampuan yang memungkinkan, homoseksual, atau musuh-musuh politik dari revolusi. Kebanyakan pekerja UMAP adalah orang yang tidak memiliki kemampuan yang memungkinkan untuk bertugas dalam militer. Sebagian kecil atau sekitar 8% sampai 9% adalah pria homoseksual, Saksi-Saksi Yehuwa, Adventis Hari Ketujuh. dan pendeta Protestan, intelektual, petani yang menolak kolektivisasi, serta orang-orang yang dianggap "anti-sosial" atau "kontra-revolusioner." Mantan agen memperkirakan bahwa sekitar 35,000 interniran, 507 berakhir dengan gangguan psikiatris, 72 tewas karena penyiksaan, dan 180 melakukan bunuh diri. Sebuah laporan hak asasi manusia 1967 dari Organization of American States menemukan bahwa lebih dari 30,000 interniran "dipaksa kerja gratisan di lahan-lahan negara dari 10 sampai 12 jam sehari, dari subuh sampai petang, tujuh hari seminggu, hanya diberi sedikit nasi dan makanan lembek, air kotor, piring kotor, barak-barak tak terurus, tanpa listrik, penerangan, tanpa alat mandi, para tahanan diberi perlakuan yang sama seperti tahanan politik." Laporan tersebut menyatakan bahwa dua wujud kamp-kamp UMAP adalah "memfasilitas buruh gratisan bagi negara" dan "menghukum kaum muda yang menolak untuk ikut organisasi-organisasi komunis". Pemerintah Kuba menyatakan bahwa UMAP bukanlah kamp buruh, namun bagian dari tugas militer. Dalam wawancara 2010 dengan La Jornada, Fidel Castro menjawab pertanyaan tentang kamp-kamp UMAP bahwa "Ya, terdapat kenangan-kebangan ketidakadilan yang besar, ketidakadilan yang besar!" Las Unidades Militares de Ayuda a la Producción (UMAP) fueron campos de trabajos forzados que existieron en Cuba entre 1965 y 1968. Aunque no existen cifras verificables, puede afirmarse que allí estuvieron más de 25.000 hombres, básicamente jóvenes en edad de prestar servicio militar que por diversos motivos se negaban a hacer el servicio militar obligatorio (como por ejemplo miembros de algunas religiones), eran rechazados en las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Cuba o por su homosexualidad «burguesa» tenían que ser «reeducados» por el gobierno revolucionario.​​ Military Units to Aid Production or UMAPs (Unidades Militares de Ayuda a la Producción) were agricultural forced labor camps operated by the Cuban government from November 1965 to July 1968 in the province of Camagüey. The UMAP camps served as a form of forced labor for Cubans who could not serve in the military due to being conscientious objectors, Christians and other religious people, LGBT, or political enemies of Fidel Castro or his communist revolution. The language used in the title can be misleading, as pointed out by historian Abel Sierra Madero, "The hybrid structure of work camps cum military units served to camouflage the true objectives of the recruitment effort and to distance the UMAPs from the legacy of forced labor." Many of the inmates were gay men, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-day Adventists, Catholic priests and Protestant ministers, intellectuals, farmers who resisted collectivization, as well as anyone else considered "anti-social" or "counter-revolutionary". Former Intelligence Directorate agent Norberto Fuentes estimated that of approximately 35,000 internees, 507 ended up in psychiatric wards, 72 died from torture, and 180 committed suicide. A 1967-human rights report from the Organization of American States found that over 30,000 internees were "forced to work for free in state farms from 10 to 12 hours a day, from sunrise to sunset, seven days per week, poor alimentation with rice and spoiled food, unhealthy water, unclean plates, congested barracks, no electricity, latrines, no showers, inmates are given the same treatment as political prisoners." The report concludes that the UMAP camps’ two objectives were "facilitating free labor for the state" and "punishing young people who refuse to join communist organizations." The Cuban government maintained that the UMAPs were not labor camps, but part of military service. In a 2010 interview with La Jornada, Fidel Castro admitted in response to a question about the UMAP camps that "Yes, there were moments of great injustice, great injustice!" Historically the Cuban government has presented UMAPs as a mistake, but according to Abel Sierra Madero, this institution has to be understood as part of a project of “social engineering” tailored for political and social control. Sophisticated methodologies were deployed that incorporated judicial, military, educational, medical and psychiatric apparatuses." Le Unità militari di aiuto alla produzione (in spagnolo Unidad Militar de Ayuda a la Producción, UMAP) erano campi di lavoro in attività a Cuba dal novembre 1965 alla metà del 1968. La loro ideazione è attribuita a Fidel Castro e a Raúl Castro. Sarà lo stesso ex presidente Fidel Castro, in una intervista alla direttrice del quotidiano messicano La Jornada. Un pentimento storico che potrebbe aprire le porte a nuovi diritti per gay e lesbiche cubane. «Se qualcuno è responsabile, sono io. È stata una grande ingiustizia, in quei momenti non mi potevo occupare di questo caso. Ero immerso nella crisi di ottobre [la "crisi dei missili" tra gli Usa, l'Urss e Cuba nel 1962], nella guerra e nelle questioni politiche.» As Unidades Militares de Ajuda à Produção (UMAP) foram presídios de trabalhos forçados criados em meados dos anos 1960 pelas autoridades comunistas em Cuba onde homossexuais, lésbicas, cristãos e oponentes da revolução foram internados.
dbp:builtBy
dbr:Cuba
dbp:inOperation
November 1965 - July 1968
dbp:inmates
30000
dbp:killed
At least 252
dbp:notableBooks
dbr:Before_Night_Falls
dbp:notableInmates
dbr:Pablo_Milanés dbr:Héctor_Santiago dbr:Jaime_Lucas_Ortega_y_Alamino
dbp:operatedBy
dbr:Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces
dbp:originalUse
Penal labor, concentration camps
dbp:prisonerType
Conscientious objectors, dissidents, democrats, LGBT people, religious followers
dbo:notableWork
dbr:Before_Night_Falls
gold:hypernym
dbr:Camps
dbo:activeYears
November 1965 - July 1968
dbo:originallyUsedFor
Penal labor,concentration camps
dbo:victims
Conscientious objectors,dissidents,democrats,LGBTpeople, religious followers Héctor Santiago Pablo Milanés Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino
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wikipedia-en:Military_Units_to_Aid_Production?oldid=1098289865&ns=0
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23767
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Homosexuals and dissidents imprisoned in a Military Unit to Aid Production in 1967.
dbo:populationTotal
30000
dbo:victim
dbr:Héctor_Santiago dbr:Pablo_Milanés dbr:Conscientious_objector dbr:Cuban_dissident_movement dbr:Democracy dbr:Jaime_Lucas_Ortega_y_Alamino dbr:LGBT
dbo:numberOfDeaths
At least 252
dbo:knownFor
dbr:Forced_labor
dbo:operator
dbr:Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf
wikipedia-en:Military_Units_to_Aid_Production